The DOI matches its Crossref record; 85 of the 85 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Determinants of the Rate and Extent of Spermatogenic Suppression during Hormonal Male Contraception: An Integrated Analysis
Open accessAbstract
CONTEXT: Male hormonal contraceptive methods require effective suppression of sperm output. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to define the covariables that influence the rate and extent of suppression of spermatogenesis to a level shown in previous World Health Organization-sponsored studies to be sufficient for contraceptive purposes (< or =1 million/ml). DESIGN: This was an integrated analysis of all published male hormonal contraceptive studies of at least 3 months' treatment duration. SETTING: Deidentified individual subject data were provided by investigators of 30 studies published between 1990 and 2006. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 1756 healthy men (by physical, blood, and semen exam) aged 18-51 yr of predominantly Caucasian (two thirds) or Asian (one third) descent were studied. This represents about 85% of all the published data. INTERVENTION(S): Men were treated with different preparations of testosterone, with or without various progestins. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Semen analysis was the main measure. RESULTS: Progestin coadministration increased both the rate and extent of suppression. Caucasian men suppressed sperm output faster initially but ultimately to a less complete extent than did non-Caucasians. Younger age and lower initial blood testosterone or sperm concentration were also associated with faster suppression, but the independent effect sizes for age and baseline testicular function were relatively small. CONCLUSION: Male hormonal contraceptives can be practically applied to a wide range of men but require coadministration of an androgen with a second agent (i.e. progestin) for earlier and more complete suppression of sperm output. Whereas considerable progress has been made toward defining clinically effective combinations, further optimization of androgen-progestin treatment regimens is still required.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“While two-thirds of males in contraceptive studies recovered sperm in the ejaculate within six months of exogenous testosterone therapy cessation”
From Evaluation and Management of Testosterone Deficiency: AUA Guideline (2018) · cites this paper as [32]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“and the variable degree to which spermatogenesis returns after stopping exogenous testosterone.”
From Evaluation and Management of Testosterone Deficiency: AUA Guideline (2018) · cites this paper as [32]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“10% failed to do so until the second year after cessation.”
From Evaluation and Management of Testosterone Deficiency: AUA Guideline (2018) · cites this paper as [32]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“Patients need to be made aware of the highly variable time course to recover sperm in the ejaculate”
From Evaluation and Management of Testosterone Deficiency: AUA Guideline (2018) · cites this paper as [32]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Modeling Survival Data: Extending the Cox Model
Therneau, T. M., & Grambsch, P. M. (2000) · Statistics for Biology and Health · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-3294-8 · Cited by 8,674
Kinetics of spermatogenesis in mammals: seminiferous epithelium cycle and spermatogonial renewal.
Clermont, Y. (1972) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.1972.52.1.198 · Cited by 1,386
Contraceptive efficacy of testosterone-induced azoospermia in normal men
Wu, F. C. W. (1990) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/0140-6736(90)92416-f · Cited by 514
Contraceptive efficacy of testosterone-induced azoospermia and oligozoospermia in normal men
World Health Organization Task Force on Methods for the Regulation of Male Fertility (1996) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(16)58221-1 · Cited by 431
New progestagens for contraceptive use
Sitruk-Ware, R. L. (2005) · Human Reproduction Update · doi:10.1093/humupd/dmi046 · Cited by 376
Self-citationWu, F. C. W. (1990) · PubMed · Cited by 288
Self-citationLiu, P. Y., Swerdloff, R. S., Christenson, P. D., Handelsman, D. J., & Wang, C. (2006) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(06)68614-5 · Cited by 272
Self-citationContraceptive efficacy of testosterone‐induced azoospermia in normal men
ZHANG, G. ‐., Li, G., Wu, F. C. W., Baker, H. W. G., Wang, X., Soufir, J. C., Huhtaniemi, I. T., Paulsen, C. A., Gottlieb, C., Handelsman, D. J., et al. (1991) · International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics · doi:10.1016/0020-7292(91)90685-x · Cited by 245
Self-citationBebb, R. A., Anawalt, B. D., Christensen, R. B., Paulsen, C. A., Bremner, W. J., & Matsumoto, A. M. (1996) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.81.2.8636300 · Cited by 224
Self-citationGu, Y., Wang, X., Xu, D., Peng, L., Cheng, L.-F., Huang, M.-K., Huang, Z.-J., & Zhang, G. (2003) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2002-020447 · Cited by 211
Self-citation
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Evaluation and Management of Testosterone Deficiency: AUA Guideline
Mulhall, J. P., Trost, L. W., Brannigan, R. E., Kurtz, E. G., Redmon, J. B., Chiles, K. A., Lightner, D. J., Miner, M. M., Murad, M. H., Nelson, C. J., et al. (2018) · Journal of Urology · doi:10.1016/j.juro.2018.03.115 · Cited by 766
Liu, P. Y., Baker, H. W. G., Jayadev, V., Zacharin, M., Conway, A. J., & Handelsman, D. J. (2008) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2008-1648 · Cited by 252
Self-citationMulticenter Contraceptive Efficacy Trial of Injectable Testosterone Undecanoate in Chinese Men
Gu, Y., Liang, X., Wu, W., Liu, M., Song, S., Cheng, L., Bo, L.-W., Xiong, C., Wang, X., Liu, X., et al. (2009) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2008-1846 · Cited by 232
Self-citationNieschlag, E., & Vorona, E. (2015) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje-15-0080 · Cited by 237
Self-citationRisks and benefits of testosterone therapy in older men
Spitzer, M., Huang, G., Basaria, S., Travison, T. G., & Bhasin, S. (2013) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/nrendo.2013.73 · Cited by 154
Chung, S. S. W., Wang, X., Roberts, S. S., Griffey, S. M., Reczek, P. R., & Wolgemuth, D. J. (2011) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2010-0941 · Cited by 122
Self-citationA New Combination of Testosterone and Nestorone Transdermal Gels for Male Hormonal Contraception
Ilani, N., Roth, M. Y., Amory, J. K., Swerdloff, R. S., Dart, C., Page, S. T., Bremner, W. J., Sitruk-Ware, R. L., Kumar, N., Blithe, D., et al. (2012) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2012-1384 · Cited by 105
Self-citationOn-demand male contraception via acute inhibition of soluble adenylyl cyclase
Balbach, M., Rossetti, T., Ferreira, J., Ghanem, L., Ritagliati, C., Myers, R. W., Huggins, D. J., Steegborn, C., Miranda, I. C., Meinke, P. T., et al. (2023) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-023-36119-6 · Cited by 92
Testosterone Is a Contraceptive and Should Not Be Used in Men Who Desire Fertility
Patel, A. S., Leong, J. Y., Ramos, L., & Ramasamy, R. (2018) · The World Journal of Men s Health · doi:10.5534/wjmh.180036 · Cited by 86
Mahabadi, V., Amory, J. K., Swerdloff, R. S., Bremner, W. J., Page, S. T., Sitruk-Ware, R. L., Christensen, P. D., Kumar, N., Tsong, Y. Y., Blithe, D., et al. (2009) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2008-2604 · Cited by 74
Self-citationRoth, M. Y., Shih, G., Ilani, N., Wang, C., Page, S. T., Bremner, W. J., Swerdloff, R. S., Sitruk-Ware, R. L., Blithe, D., & Amory, J. K. (2014) · Contraception · doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2014.05.013 · Cited by 70
Self-citationHormonal approaches to male contraception
Wang, C., & Swerdloff, R. S. (2010) · Current Opinion in Urology · doi:10.1097/mou.0b013e32833f1b4a · Cited by 64
Self-citationThe role of testosterone in spermatogenesis
O’Donnell, L., & McLachlan, R. I. (2012) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139003353.007 · Cited by 64
Self-citationMale Hormonal Contraception: Where Are We Now?
Wang, C., Festin, M., & Swerdloff, R. S. (2016) · Current Obstetrics and Gynecology Reports · doi:10.1007/s13669-016-0140-8 · Cited by 63
Self-citationDisruption and recovery of testicular function during and after androgen abuse: the HAARLEM study
Smit, D. L., Buijs, M. M., de Hon, O. M., den Heijer, M., & de Ronde, W. (2020) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/deaa366 · Cited by 60
Lue, Y., Wang, C., Lydon, J. P., Leung, A., Li, J., & Swerdloff, R. S. (2013) · Andrology · doi:10.1111/j.2047-2927.2012.00047.x · Cited by 58
Self-citationPriority strategies for India's family planning programme.
Pachauri, S. (2014) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 56
Adverse health effects of androgen use
Goldman, A., & Basaria, S. S. (2017) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2017.06.009 · Cited by 55
Outcome of gonadotropin therapy for male infertility due to hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism
Farhat, R., Al-zidjali, F., & Alzahrani, A. S. (2009) · Pituitary · doi:10.1007/s11102-009-0203-1 · Cited by 53
Wu, S., Yuen, F., Swerdloff, R. S., Pak, Y., Thirumalai, A., Liu, P. Y., Amory, J. K., Bai, F., Hull, L., Blithe, D., et al. (2018) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2018-01528 · Cited by 52
Self-citationAyoub, R. M. A. A., Page, S. T., Swerdloff, R. S., Liu, P. Y., Amory, J. K., Leung, A., Hull, L., Blithe, D., Christy, A. Y., Chao, J. H., et al. (2016) · Andrology · doi:10.1111/andr.12303 · Cited by 47
Self-citationEvolution of Guidelines for Testosterone Replacement Therapy
Park, H. J., Ahn, S. T., & Moon, D. G. (2019) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm8030410 · Cited by 44
Retinoic acid receptor antagonists for male contraception: current status†
Noman, M. A. A., Kyzer, J. L., Chung, S. S. W., Wolgemuth, D. J., & Georg, G. I. (2020) · Biology of Reproduction · doi:10.1093/biolre/ioaa122 · Cited by 45
Emerging approaches to male contraception
Thirumalai, A., & Amory, J. K. (2021) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2021.03.047 · Cited by 45
Kogan, P., & Wald, M. (2013) · Urologic Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.ucl.2013.08.012 · Cited by 42
Yuen, F., Thirumalai, A., Pham, C., Swerdloff, R. S., Anawalt, B. D., Liu, P. Y., Amory, J. K., Bremner, W. J., Dart, C., Wu, H., et al. (2020) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgaa032 · Cited by 43
Self-citationSurampudi, P. N., Page, S. T., Swerdloff, R. S., Nya‐Ngatchou, J. J., Liu, P. Y., Amory, J. K., Leung, A., Hull, L., Blithe, D., Woo, J., et al. (2014) · Andrology · doi:10.1111/j.2047-2927.2014.00216.x · Cited by 38
Self-citationMale hormonal contraception: looking back and moving forward
Roth, M. Y., Page, S. T., & Bremner, W. J. (2015) · Andrology · doi:10.1111/andr.12110 · Cited by 36
Self-citationDoes ethnicity matter in male hormonal contraceptive efficacy?
Ilani, N., Liu, P. Y., Swerdloff, R. S., & Wang, C. (2011) · Asian Journal of Andrology · doi:10.1038/aja.2010.133 · Cited by 36
Self-citationMale Contraception: Research, New Methods, and Implications for Marginalized Populations
Plana, O. D. (2015) · American Journal of Men s Health · doi:10.1177/1557988315596361 · Cited by 34
Chen, H., Mruk, D. D., Xia, W., Bonanomi, M., Silvestrini, B., & Cheng, C. Y. (2016) · Current Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.2174/0929867323666160112122724 · Cited by 33
Recent Developments in Male Contraception
Thirumalai, A., & Page, S. T. (2018) · Drugs · doi:10.1007/s40265-018-1038-8 · Cited by 34
Roth, M. Y., Ilani, N., Wang, C., Page, S. T., Bremner, W. J., Swerdloff, R. S., Dart, C., Sitruk-Ware, R. L., Kumar, N., Blithe, D., et al. (2013) · Andrology · doi:10.1111/j.2047-2927.2013.00135.x · Cited by 32
Self-citationHormonal Male Contraception: Getting to Market
Page, S. T., Blithe, D., & Wang, C. (2022) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.891589 · Cited by 32
Self-citationThirumalai, A., & Page, S. T. (2019) · Annual Review of Medicine · doi:10.1146/annurev-med-042418-010947 · Cited by 34
Male hormonal contraception: hope and promise
Piotrowska, K., Wang, C., Swerdloff, R. S., & Liu, P. Y. (2016) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(16)00034-6 · Cited by 30
Self-citationAttardi, B., Engbring, J. A., Gropp, D., & Hild, S. A. (2010) · Journal of Andrology · doi:10.2164/jandrol.110.011817 · Cited by 30
The struggle for male hormonal contraception
Nieschlag, E. (2011) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.beem.2010.08.008 · Cited by 29
Self-citationWang, C., Meriggiola, M. C., Amory, J. K., Barratt, C. L. R., Behre, H. M., Bremner, W. J., Ferlin, A., Honig, S. C., Kopa, Z., Lo, K. C., et al. (2023) · Andrology · doi:10.1111/andr.13525 · Cited by 37
Self-citationChao, J. H., Page, S. T., & Anderson, R. A. (2014) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2014.05.008 · Cited by 28
Self-citationAttitudes to a male contraceptive pill in a group of contraceptive users in the UK
Walker, S. H. (2011) · Journal of Men s Health · doi:10.1016/j.jomh.2011.04.003 · Cited by 28
Yuen, F., Wu, S., Thirumalai, A., Swerdloff, R. S., Page, S. T., Liu, P. Y., Dart, C., Wu, H., Blithe, D., Sitruk-Ware, R. L., et al. (2018) · Andrology · doi:10.1111/andr.12577 · Cited by 26
Self-citationZitzmann, M., Rohayem, J., Raidt, J., Kliesch, S., Kumar, N., Sitruk-Ware, R. L., & Nieschlag, E. (2017) · Andrology · doi:10.1111/andr.12328 · Cited by 25
Self-citationContraceptive Technologies: Looking Ahead to New Approaches to Increase Options for Family Planning
Haddad, L. B., Townsend, J., & Sitruk-Ware, R. L. (2021) · Clinical Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1097/grf.0000000000000628 · Cited by 24
Self-citationMathew, V., & Bantwal, G. (2012) · Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.4103/2230-8210.102991 · Cited by 24
Androgens in male contraception
Thirumalai, A., & Page, S. T. (2022) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.beem.2022.101627 · Cited by 24
Male contraception: narrative review of ongoing research
Louwagie, E. J., Quinn, G., Pond, K., & Hansen, K. A. (2023) · Basic and Clinical Andrology · doi:10.1186/s12610-023-00204-z · Cited by 23
Hormone-Based Treatments in Subfertile Males
Patel, D. P., Chandrapal, J. C., & Hotaling, J. M. (2016) · Current Urology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11934-016-0612-4 · Cited by 22
Naz, R. K., & Rowan, S. (2009) · Current Opinion in Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1097/gco.0b013e328329247d · Cited by 21
Preclinical contraceptive development for men and women
Johnston, D. S., & Goldberg, E. (2020) · Biology of Reproduction · doi:10.1093/biolre/ioaa076 · Cited by 21
Male hormonal contraception: Potential risks and benefits
Ilani, N., Swerdloff, R. S., & Wang, C. (2011) · Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders · doi:10.1007/s11154-011-9183-3 · Cited by 21
Self-citationVasectomy Reversal Outcomes in Men Previously on Testosterone Supplementation Therapy
Coward, R. M., Mata, D. A., Smith, R. P., Kovac, J. R., & Lipshultz, L. I. (2014) · Urology · doi:10.1016/j.urology.2014.06.081 · Cited by 20
Amouroux, M., Mieusset, R., Desbrière, R., Opinel, P., Karsenty, G., Paci, M., Fernandes, S., Courbière, B., & Perrin, J. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0195824 · Cited by 19
Attardi, B., Koduri, S., & Hild, S. A. (2010) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2010.06.010 · Cited by 19
Campbell, K., Muthigi, A., Ghomeshi, A., Schuppe, K. C., Sandler, M. D., & Ramasamy, R. (2023) · Drug Healthcare and Patient Safety · doi:10.2147/dhps.s383130 · Cited by 17
A Hormonal Contraceptive for Men: How Close are We?
Huhtaniemi, I. T. (2010) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(08)81015-1 · Cited by 17
Recent methodological advances in male hormonal contraception
Liu, P. Y., Swerdloff, R. S., & Wang, C. (2010) · Contraception · doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2010.03.010 · Cited by 17
Self-citationNieschlag, E. (2010) · Handbook of experimental pharmacology · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-02062-9_11 · Cited by 16
Self-citationArifuzzaman, S., Rahman, M. S., & Pang, M. (2018) · Pharmacological Research · doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2018.12.003 · Cited by 15
Male Hormonal Contraception: So Near and Yet So Far
Liu, P. Y., & McLachlan, R. I. (2008) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2008-1007 · Cited by 16
Self-citationHormonal male contraception: end of a dream or start of a new era?
Nieschlag, E. (2012) · Endocrine · doi:10.1007/s12020-012-9832-7 · Cited by 15
Self-citationCampbell, K., Deebel, N. A., Kohn, T. P., Passarelli, R., Velez, D., & Ramasamy, R. (2023) · Urology · doi:10.1016/j.urology.2023.08.039 · Cited by 14
Continuing the search for a hormonal male contraceptive
Yuen, F., Nguyen, B. T., Swerdloff, R. S., & Wang, C. (2020) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2020.02.003 · Cited by 13
Self-citationPinkas, H., Fuchs, S., Aurbach-Klipper, Y., Zvulunov, A., Raanani, H., Sheffer-Mimouni, G., Fisch, B., & Weintrob, N. (2009) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.12.037 · Cited by 13
Would male hormonal contraceptives affect cardiovascular risk?
Zitzmann, M. (2018) · Asian Journal of Andrology · doi:10.4103/aja.aja_2_18 · Cited by 12
Self-citationHandelsman, D. J. (2011) · Reproduction Fertility and Development · doi:10.1071/rd10308 · Cited by 11
Self-citationDevelopment of new hormonal male contraception for the couple
Kroopnick, J. M., Lee, M. S., & Blithe, D. (2024) · Andrology · doi:10.1111/andr.13654 · Cited by 10
Wang, C., Meriggiola, M. C., Behre, H. M., & Page, S. T. (2024) · Andrology · doi:10.1111/andr.13699 · Cited by 10
Self-citationSharpe, R. M., & Mitchell, R. T. (2013) · The Journal of Pathology · doi:10.1002/path.4167 · Cited by 9
An overnight increase in CO2 predicts mortality in sleep disordered breathing
Brillante, R., LAKS, L., Cossa, G., Peters, M. J., & LIU, P. (2012) · Respirology · doi:10.1111/j.1440-1843.2012.02209.x · Cited by 9
Self-citationAnaissie, J. E., Pastuszak, A. W., & Khera, M. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-816665-9.00012-3 · Cited by 8
Development of a transdermal gel for reversible male contraception
Sitruk-Ware, R. L., Blithe, D., Page, S. T., & Wang, C. (2025) · Contraception · doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2025.110830 · Cited by 7
Self-citationCanadian trends in testosterone therapy
Ory, J., White, J. T., Moore, J., & Grantmyre, J. E. (2020) · Canadian Urological Association Journal · doi:10.5489/cuaj.6892 · Cited by 7
Advances in Male Contraception: When Will the Novel Male Contraception be Available?
Kim, J., So, B., Heo, Y., So, H., & Jo, J. K. (2023) · The World Journal of Men s Health · doi:10.5534/wjmh.230118 · Cited by 7
Herati, A. S., Kohn, T. P., & Kassiri, B. (2020) · Translational Andrology and Urology · doi:10.21037/tau.2019.12.39 · Cited by 7
Testosterone and male contraception
Thirumalai, A., & Page, S. T. (2024) · Current Opinion in Endocrinology Diabetes and Obesity · doi:10.1097/med.0000000000000880 · Cited by 6
Hosseinifar, H., Sabbaghian, M., Chehrazi, M., Modarresi, T., Alipour, F. J., & Gilani, M. A. S. (2013) · Urology · doi:10.1016/j.urology.2013.06.041 · Cited by 6
Approaches to Hormonal Male Contraception
Nieschlag, E., & Behre, H. M. (2010) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-78355-8_29 · Cited by 6
Self-citationSynthetic androgens for male contraception
Page, S. T. (2024) · Contraception · doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2024.110735 · Cited by 5
Rops, M. A. J., Smit, D. L., & de Ronde, W. (2022) · Androgens Clinical Research and Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/andro.2022.0016 · Cited by 5
Testosterone therapy: where do the latest guidelines agree and differ?
Pelzman, D. L., & Hwang, K. (2020) · Current Opinion in Endocrinology Diabetes and Obesity · doi:10.1097/med.0000000000000581 · Cited by 4
Testosterone Therapy and Male Fertility
Brannigan, R. E. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-77111-9_6 · Cited by 3
Lee, M. S., Bunin, D. I., Furimsky, A. M., Nguyen, D., Parman, T., Kim, K., Rausch, L. L., Lin, M.-T., Gupta, P., Brown, J. E., et al. (2023) · Biology of Reproduction · doi:10.1093/biolre/ioad111 · Cited by 3
Use of testosterone alone as hormonal male contraceptive
Nieschlag, E. (2012) · Basic and Clinical Andrology · doi:10.1007/s12610-012-0187-y · Cited by 3
Self-citationGoldsher, Y. W., Al-Hadi, H., Mullen, B. M., Potter, E., MacLeod, E. C., Lajkosz, K., Karavani, G., Krakowsky, Y., Grober, E. D., & Millman, A. L. (2025) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/deaf216 · Cited by 2
Male Hormonal Contraception—Current Stage of Knowledge
Bania, J., Wrona, J., Fudali, K., Stęga, F., Rębisz, P. F., & Murawski, M. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm14072188 · Cited by 2
Anawalt, B. D., & Page, S. T. (2017) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-44441-3_43 · Cited by 2
Self-citationWhite, J., Ghomeshi, A., Deebel, N. A., Miller, D. T., Rahman, F., Venigalla, G., Sandler, M. D., Tomlinson, A. F., & Ramasamy, R. (2023) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.41134 · Cited by 2
College Students Attitudes Towards Male Birth Control
Bishop, J. M., Rosen, B. L., Rojas‐Guyler, L., Bernard, A. L., Wilson, B. R. A., Moynihan, H., & Shreve, J. (2023) · تاج. · doi:10.61186/shp.2023.701689 · Cited by 2
Le futur de la contraception masculine
Huhtaniemi, I. T., & Mieusset, R. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-2-8178-0346-3_8 · Cited by 2
Abdel‐Raouf, M., & Hussein, H. A. (2014) · Andrologia · doi:10.1111/and.12288 · Cited by 1
Testosterone and Spermatogenesis
Toppari, J. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-96376-6_13 · Cited by 1
Chan, H. Y., Alesi, L. R., Dinh, D. T., Foyle, K. L., Hofstee, P., Hutchison, J. C., Stables, J., Trigg, N. A., Wooldridge, A. L., & Houston, B. J. (2025) · Reproduction Fertility and Development · doi:10.1071/rd25169 · Cited by 1
Aulanni’am, A., Akmal, M., Widodo, M. A., Sumitro, S. B., & Purnomo, B. B. (2011) · Jurnal Kedokteran Hewan - Indonesian Journal of Veterinary Sciences · doi:10.21157/j.ked.hewan.v5i2.365 · Cited by 1
Trends in der Arzneimittelversorgung von Männern
Glaeske, G. (2016) · Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz · doi:10.1007/s00103-016-2382-z · Cited by 1
Sitruk-Ware, R. L. (2021) · médecine/sciences · doi:10.1051/medsci/2021163 · Cited by 1
Self-citationThe road to hormonal male contraception: End in sight?
Anderson, R. A., & Reynolds-Wright, J. J. (2024) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2024.102559 · Cited by 1
Self-citationAnsa, A. A., & Imasuen, J. A. (2015) · World Rabbit Science · doi:10.4995/wrs.2015.3551 · Cited by 1
INHIBIN B: KANDIDAT KONTRASEPSI PRIA BERBASIS HORMON PEPTIDA
Akmal, M., Aulanni’am, A., Widodo, M. A., Sumitro, S. B., & Purnomo, B. B. (2011) · Jurnal Kedokteran Hewan - Indonesian Journal of Veterinary Sciences · doi:10.21157/j.ked.hewan.v5i1.391 · Cited by 1
Handelsman, D. J. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-18907-1.00142-6 · Cited by 1
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Liu, P. Y., Swerdloff, R. S., Anawalt, B. D., Anderson, R. A., Bremner, W. J., Elliesen, J., Gu, Y.-Q., Kersemaekers, W. M., McLachlan, R. I., Meriggiola, M. C., Nieschlag, E., Sitruk-Ware, R., Vogelsong, K., Wang, X.-H., Wu, F. C. W., Zitzmann, M., Handelsman, D. J., & Wang, C.
- Affiliations
- Concord Repatriation General Hospital (AU)
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- University of Washington (US)
- The Queen's Medical Research Institute (GB)
- Bayer (Germany) (DE)
- Department of Endocrinology (Y.-Q.G.), National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing 100081, China
- Organon (Netherlands) (NL)
- Monash Medical Centre (AU)
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedliero-Universitaria di Bologna Policlinico di Sant'Orsola (IT)
- University Hospital Münster (DE)
- Population Council (US)
- World Bank (US)
- Department of Jiangsu Family Planning Research Institute (X.-H.W.), Jiangsu 210029, China
- Manchester Royal Infirmary (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Liu, Peter Y.
- Wang, Christina
- ORCID
- Venue
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 2008-05-01
- Volume
- 93
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1774-1783
- ISSN
- 0021-972X (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7197
- PMC
- PMC5393365
- OpenAlex
- W2148017821
- Cited by
- 126
- References
- 85
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 8.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (publishedVersion)
- Archivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Sydney
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (U54HD029990)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Reproductive Health and Contraception
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Sperm and Testicular Function
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Urology › Male Reproductive Health Studies
- Keywords
- male hormonal contraception, testosterone, progestins, semen analysis, sperm count, racial differences, age effects, testicular function
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Contraceptive Agents, Male, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Progestins, Spermatogenesis, Testosterone, Body Mass Index, White People, Asian People
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
