Cited by 99Folate and B Vitamins ResearchMetabolism and Genetic DisordersSulfur Compounds in Biology

Effects of Insulin and Glucose on Cellular Metabolic Fluxes in Homocysteine Transsulfuration, Remethylation,S-Adenosylmethionine Synthesis, and Global Deoxyribonucleic Acid Methylation

Chiang, En-Pei Isabel, Wang, Yi-Cheng, Chen, Wei-Wen, Tang, Feng-Yao·2009·The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The mechanisms underlying the impact of pathophysiological elevations in insulin or glucose on hepatic cellular homocysteine kinetics is not fully understood. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to investigate the impact of elevated insulin/glucose on hepatic homocysteine kinetics at the cellular level. DESIGN AND METHODS: Effects of insulin and glucose on homocysteine remethylation and transsulfuration metabolic fluxes were investigated in a cell model using stable isotopic tracers and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The methylation status was assessed by S-adenosylmethionine (adoMet), the adoMet to S-adenosylhomocysteine ratio, DNA methyltransferase activity, and methylated cytidine content of DNA. The expression profile of homocysteine remethylation, transmethylation, and transsulfuration-associated genes was determined. RESULTS: Insulin increased cellular homocysteine production primarily by its inhibition of transsulfuration. When cells were exposed to elevated insulin and glucose, homocysteine remethylation was enhanced, which consequently increased intracellular adoMet concentrations by inducing adoMet synthase activity. Elevated glucose further enhanced DNA methyltransferase activity that subsequently led to increased global DNA methylation. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated the novel finding of a direct promoting effect of high cellular insulin or glucose exposure on homocysteine remethylation, adoMet synthase activity, and adoMet synthesis. We also provided new evidence indicating that when hepatic tissue is exposed to elevated insulin or glucose, the cellular methylation balance can be altered, which may have potential epigenetic impacts gene regulation in diabetic individuals. These findings in a cell line may or may not reflect what happens in humans. In vivo studies on the homocysteine transmethylation fluxes and DNA methylation in diabetic state are underway.

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Crossref · 10.1210/jc.2008-2038

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  • Histone and DNA methylation is sensitive to alterations in SAM levels.

    “A number of recent reports demonstrate that histone and DNA methylation is sensitive to alterations in SAM levels (Chiang et al., 2009; Shyh-Chang et al., 2013; Towbin et al., 2012).”

    From The emerging hallmarks of cancer metabolism (2016) · cites this paper as Chiang et al., 2009

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Authors
Chiang, E.-P. I., Wang, Y.-C., Chen, W.-W., & Tang, F.-Y.
Affiliations
  • National Chung Hsing University (TW)
  • Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan 402
Corresponding author
Chiang, En-Pei Isabel
Venue
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
Published
2009-03-01
Volume
94
Issue
3
Pages
1017-1025
ISSN
  • 0021-972X (ISSN-L)
  • 1945-7197
OpenAlex
W2142418974
Cited by
99
References
38
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 5
FWCI
5.52
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
National Science Council (NSC95)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Rheumatology › Folate and B Vitamins Research
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Clinical Biochemistry › Metabolism and Genetic Disorders
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Sulfur Compounds in Biology
Keywords
insulin, glucose, homocysteine, transsulfuration, remethylation, S-adenosylmethionine, S-adenosylhomocysteine, DNA methylation, DNA methyltransferases, hepatic metabolism, metabolic flux, diabetes mellitus, epigenetics
MeSH terms
DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases, Folic Acid, Glucose, Homocysteine, Humans, Insulin, Methionine, Methylation, S-Adenosylmethionine, Sulfur, DNA Methylation, Cell Line, Tumor

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