The DOI matches its Crossref record; 14 of the 14 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Optimal Vitamin D Status: A Critical Analysis on the Basis of Evidence-Based Medicine
Abstract
Context: Public health authorities around the world recommend widely variable supplementation strategies for adults, whereas several professional organizations, including The Endocrine Society, recommend higher supplementation. Methods: We analyzed published randomized controlled clinical trials to define the optimal intake or vitamin D status for bone and extraskeletal health. Conclusions: The extraskeletal effects of vitamin D are plausible as based on preclinical data and observational studies. However, apart from the beneficial effects of 800 IU/d of vitamin D3 for reduction of falls in the elderly, causality remains yet unproven in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The greatest risk for cancer, infections, cardiovascular and metabolic diseases is associated with 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels below 20 ng/mL. There is ample evidence from RCTs that calcium and bone homeostasis, estimated from serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and PTH, calcium absorption, or bone mass, can be normalized by 25OHD levels above 20 ng/mL. Moreover, vitamin D supplementation (800 IU/d) in combination with calcium can reduce fracture incidence by about 20%. Such a dose will bring serum levels of 25OHD above 20 ng/mL in nearly all postmenopausal women. Based on calculations of the metabolic clearance of 25OHD, a daily intake of 500–700 IU of vitamin D3 is sufficient to maintain serum 25OHD levels of 20 ng/mL. Therefore, the recommendations for a daily intake of 1500–2000 IU/d or serum 25OHD levels of 30 ng or higher for all adults or elderly subjects, as suggested by The Endocrine Society Task Force, are premature. Fortunately, ongoing RCTs will help to guide us to solve this important public health question.
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Cites
Holick, M. F. (2007) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra070553 · Cited by 13,720
Interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the community
Gillespie, L. D., Robertson, M. C., Gillespie, W. J., Sherrington, C., Gates, S., Clemson, L., & Lamb, S. E. (2012) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd007146.pub3 · Cited by 3,966
Toll-Like Receptor Triggering of a Vitamin D-Mediated Human Antimicrobial Response
Liu, P. T., Stenger, S., Li, H., Wenzel, L., Tan, B. H., Krutzik, S. R., Ochoa, M. T., Schauber, J., Wu, K., Meinken, C., et al. (2006) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1123933 · Cited by 3,924
Tang, B. M., Eslick, G. D., Nowson, C., Smith, C., & Bensoussan, A. (2007) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(07)61342-7 · Cited by 1,248
Autier, P. (2007) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.167.16.1730 · Cited by 1,104
Bischoff-Ferrari, H. A., Dietrich, T., Orav, E. J., Hu, F. B., Zhang, Y., Karlson, E. W., & Dawson-Hughes, B. (2004) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/80.3.752 · Cited by 930 · cited 3×
“In the analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data (92) and in the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (LASA) study (93), BMD decreased when serum 25OHD fell below 20 ng/mL, but there is discordance between both studies for the consequences of higher levels.”
BackgroundInfluentialAvenell, A., Gillespie, W. J., Gillespie, L. D., & O'Connell, D. (2009) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd000227.pub3 · Cited by 667
von Hurst, P. R., Stonehouse, W., & Coad, J. (2010) · British Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114509992017 · Cited by 624
Vitamin D Status Predicts Physical Performance and Its Decline in Older Persons
Wicherts, I. S., van Schoor, N. M., Boeke, A. J. P., Visser, M., Deeg, D. J. H., Smit, J., Knol, D. L., & Lips, P. (2007) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2006-1525 · Cited by 606
Self-citation
Cited by
Sempos, C. T., Heijboer, A. C., Bikle, D. D., Bollerslev, J., Bouillon, R., Brannon, P. M., DeLuca, H. F., Jones, G., Munns, C. F., Bilezikian, J. P., et al. (2018) · British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/bcp.13652 · Cited by 331
Self-citationSex Steroid Actions in Male Bone
Vanderschueren, D., Laurent, M. R., Claessens, F., Gielen, E., Lagerquist, M. K., Vandenput, L., Börjesson, A. E., & Ohlsson, C. (2014) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2014-1024 · Cited by 327
Self-citationRabenberg, M., Scheidt-Nave, C., Busch, M. A., Rieckmann, N., Hintzpeter, B., & Mensink, G. B. M. (2015) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-015-2016-7 · Cited by 149
Wakayo, T., Belachew, T., Vatanparast, H., & Whiting, S. J. (2015) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0120963 · Cited by 81
Nutritional Impact of a Gluten-Free Casein-Free Diet in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Marí-Bauset, S., Llopis-González, A., Zazpe, I., Marí-Sanchis, A., & Suárez-Varela, M. M. (2016) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-015-2582-7 · Cited by 75
Metadata
- Authors
- Bouillon, R., Van Schoor, N. M., Gielen, E., Boonen, S., Mathieu, C., Vanderschueren, D., & Lips, P.
- Venue
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 2013-08-01
- Volume
- 98
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- E1283-E1304
- ISSN
- 0021-972X (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7197
- OpenAlex
- W2022372345
- Cited by
- 274
- References
- 14
- FWCI
- 22.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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