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Effectiveness of Metyrapone in Treating Cushing's Syndrome: A Retrospective Multicenter Study in 195 Patients
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Cushing's syndrome (CS) is a severe condition with excess mortality and significant morbidity necessitating control of hypercortisolemia. There are few data documenting use of the steroidogenesis inhibitor metyrapone for this purpose. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to assess the effectiveness of metyrapone in controlling cortisol excess in a contemporary series of patients with CS. DESIGN: This was designed as a retrospective, multicenter study. SETTING: Thirteen University hospitals were studied. PATIENTS: We studied a total of 195 patients with proven CS: 115 Cushing's disease, 37 ectopic ACTH syndrome, 43 ACTH-independent disease (adrenocortical carcinoma 10, adrenal adenoma 30, and ACTH-independent adrenal hyperplasia 3). MEASUREMENTS: Measurements included biochemical parameters of activity of CS: mean serum cortisol "day-curve" (CDC) (target 150-300 nmol/L); 9 am serum cortisol; 24-hour urinary free cortisol (UFC). RESULTS: A total of 164/195 received metyrapone monotherapy. Mean age was 49.6 ± 15.7 years; mean duration of therapy 8 months (median 3 mo, range 3 d to 11.6 y). There were significant improvements on metyrapone, first evaluation to last review: CDC (91 patients, 722.9 nmol/L [26.2 μg/dL] vs 348.6 nmol/L [12.6 μg/dL]; P < .0001); 9 am cortisol (123 patients, 882.9 nmol/L [32.0 μg/dL] vs 491.1 nmol/L [17.8 μg/dL]; P < .0001); and UFC (37 patients, 1483 nmol/24 h [537 μg/24 h] vs 452.6 nmol/24 h [164 μg/24 h]; P = .003). Overall, control at last review: 55%, 43%, 46%, and 76% of patients who had CDCs, UFCs, 9 am cortisol less than 331 nmol/L (12.0 μg/dL), and 9 am cortisol less than upper limit of normal/600 nmol/L (21.7 μg/dL). Median final dose: Cushing's disease 1375 mg; ectopic ACTH syndrome 1500 mg; benign adrenal disease 750 mg; and adrenocortical carcinoma 1250 mg. Adverse events occurred in 25% of patients, mostly mild gastrointestinal upset and dizziness, usually within 2 weeks of initiation or dose increase, all reversible. CONCLUSIONS: Metyrapone is effective therapy for short- and long-term control of hypercortisolemia in CS.
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“Mean UFC is routinely used in clinical practice and research to monitor disease control and treatment response in patients with CS treated with medical therapy (129-137).”
From Measuring cortisol in Cushing syndrome: diagnosis, monitoring, and cortisol circadian rhythm improvement. (2026) · cites this paper as [131]
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“In clinical trials, the efficacy of steroidogenesis inhibitors and pituitary-directed therapies in patients with CS was primarily evaluated by the normalization of cortisol secretion per UFC (129-137).”
From Measuring cortisol in Cushing syndrome: diagnosis, monitoring, and cortisol circadian rhythm improvement. (2026) · cites this paper as [131]
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“The restoration of cortisol circadian rhythm following medical therapy has not been investigated or established for most medications used to treat CS, and it is not routinely measured to determine treatment response (129-137).”
From Measuring cortisol in Cushing syndrome: diagnosis, monitoring, and cortisol circadian rhythm improvement. (2026) · cites this paper as [131]
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“The main indication for metyrapone therapy was the control of severe symptoms of CS (CD 58%, EAS 77%, benign adrenal disease 44% and ACC 80%).”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationKetoconazole in Cushing's disease: is it worth a try?
Castinetti, F., Guignat, L., Giraud, P., Muller, M., Kamenicky, P., Drui, D., Caron, P., Luca, F., Donadille, B., Vantyghem, M. C., et al. (2014) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2013-3628 · Cited by 285 · cited 3×
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BackgroundInfluentialPasireotide Alone or with Cabergoline and Ketoconazole in Cushing's Disease
Feelders, R. A., de Bruin, C., Pereira, A. M., Romijn, J. A., Netea-Maier, R. T., Hermus, A. R., ZELISSEN, P. M. J., van Heerebeek, R., de Jong, F. H., van der Lely, A. J., et al. (2010) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmc1000094 · Cited by 262 · cited 2×
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“The cortisol-lowering effect of metyrapone was described as early as 1958 by Liddle et al (8), with later reports confirming metyrapone as a potent inhibitor of the steroidogenesis enzyme 11 -hydroxylase (8, 9).”
BackgroundKamenický, P., Droumaguet, C., Salenave, S., Blanchard, A., Jublanc, C., Gautier, J., Brailly‐Tabard, S., Leboulleux, S., Schlumberger, M. J., Baudin, É., et al. (2011) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2011-0536 · Cited by 218 · cited 3×
“Kamenický et al (21) used a triplemedication protocol with simultaneous administration of ketoconazole, metyrapone and mitotane in 11 patients with hypercortisolism and life-threatening complications as an alternative to bilateral adrenalectomy; all patients showed rapid clinical and biochemical improvement.”
BackgroundMethodMedical Therapy of Cushing's Disease
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“reported the efficacy of metyrapone in patients with CD undergoing radiotherapy (13-15) and EAS (17).”
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New and emerging drug therapies for Cushing’s disease
Störmann, S., & Schopohl, J. (2018) · Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1080/14656566.2018.1504021 · Cited by 14
“In the largest series to date regarding 164 patients with CS on metyrapone monotherapy, more than 80% of patients showed an improvement in levels of circulating cortisol with over 50% achieving biochemical eucortisolemia assessed by cortisol day-curve [154].”
BackgroundMetastatic medullary thyroid carcinoma presenting as ectopic Cushing’s syndrome
Forde, H. E., Farrelly, N. M., Ryan, K., Moran, T., Greally, M., Duffy, A. G., & Byrne, M. M. (2021) · Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism Case Reports · doi:10.1530/edm-20-0207 · Cited by 13
“Metyrapone has been shown to be effective for both short-and long-term control of hypercortisolaemia in Cushing’s syndrome, though higher doses, are required in ectopic Cushing’s syndrome (7).”
BackgroundRole of “old” pharmacological agents in the treatment of Cushing’s syndrome
Ambrogio, A. G., & Cavagnini, F. (2016) · Journal of Endocrinological Investigation · doi:10.1007/s40618-016-0462-4 · Cited by 12
“Quite recently, a large retrospective study re-evaluated 164 patients with different form of CS who received metyrapone monotherapy across 13 centers in UK over the last 25 years [23].”
BackgroundHow best to monitor the specific side effects of medical treatments of Cushing’s disease
Castinetti, F. (2022) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.beem.2022.101718 · Cited by 11
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New Insights in Cushing Disease Treatment With Focus on a Derivative of Vitamin A
Fuertes, M., Tkatch, J., Rosmino, J., Nieto, L., Guitelman, M. A., & ARZT, E. S. (2018) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2018.00262 · Cited by 10
“Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2011) 108(20):8414–9.”
BackgroundDisorders of the adrenal cortex
Sherlock, M., & Gurnell, M. (2020) · doi:10.1093/med/9780198746690.003.0249 · Cited by 10
Self-citationUpdate on Medical Treatment of Cushing’s Syndrome
Dillon, B. R., Agrawal, N., Schwarz, Y., Dancel-Manning, K., Tabarin, A., Lacroix, A., Hofland, L. J., & Feelders, R. A. (2025) · Drugs · doi:10.1007/s40265-025-02223-8 · Cited by 10
“Metyrapone was effective in two PBMAH patients in a large retrospective UK study [64] as well as in two Japanese patients with PBMAH including one woman treated for seven years without development of hirsutism [140, 141].”
InfluentialMartino, M., Aboud, N., Lucchetti, B., Salvio, G., & Arnaldi, G. (2023) · Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1080/14656566.2023.2192349 · Cited by 9
“Concerning the former, the short-term efficacy of metyrapone monotherapy (750–1500 mg/day) varied between 43% and 55% when normalization of UFC and cortisol daily curve were considered, respectively, rising up to 72% after an 18month mean follow-up [93].”
BackgroundPasternak-Pietrzak, K., Moszczyńska, E., & Szalecki, M. (2019) · Endocrine · doi:10.1007/s12020-019-02036-2 · Cited by 9
Machado, M. C., Fragoso, M. C. B. V., Moreira, A. C., Boguszewski, C. L., Vieira, L., Naves, L. A., Vilar, L., de Araújo, L. A., Musolino, N. R. D. C., Miranda, P. A. C., et al. (2018) · Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.20945/2359-3997000000014 · Cited by 9
“In the larger multicenter retrospective study, normal UFC was found in 43% of Cushing’s syndrome patients from all etiologies (CD, Ectopic ACTH syndrome (EAS), adrenal diseases) in a mean of 8 months (3 days – 12 years) (111).”
BackgroundNass, R. M., & Evans, W. S. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-47912-7.00020-2 · Cited by 10
Hypertension in Cushing’s Syndrome
Ceccato, F., Barbot, M., Scaroni, C. M., & Boscaro, M. (2020) · Updates in hypertension and cardiovascular protection · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-45562-0_8 · Cited by 9
How to manage Cushing's disease after failed primary pituitary surgery
Agrawal, N., Urwyler, S. A., Mehta, S., Karavitaki, N., & Feelders, R. A. (2024) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1093/ejendo/lvae110 · Cited by 8
Self-citationMedical Treatment of Cushing’s Disease
Hopkins, S., & Fleseriu, M. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-804340-0.00007-3 · Cited by 8
Persistent Cushing’s Disease after Transsphenoidal Surgery: Challenges and Solutions
Albani, A., & Theodoropoulou, M. (2020) · Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes · doi:10.1055/a-1220-6056 · Cited by 8
Effects of metyrapone in patients with mild hypercortisolism
Musolino, A., Favero, V., Parazzoli, C., Aresta, C., Testa, S., Persani, L., Corbetta, S., Chiodini, I., & Morelli, V. (2025) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1093/ejendo/lvaf216 · Cited by 7
Adrenocortical carcinoma in a 17th-century girl
Else, T., Auchus, R. J., & Miller, W. L. (2016) · The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.03.008 · Cited by 7
Cell Cycle Regulators and Lineage-Specific Therapeutic Targets for Cushing Disease
Araki, T., & Liu, N. (2018) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2018.00444 · Cited by 8
Treatment of Cushing’s Syndrome : What Place for Medical Treatment?
Chabre, O. (2019) · Acta Endocrinologica (Bucharest) · doi:10.4183/aeb.2019.237 · Cited by 8
Guarnotta, V., Stigliano, A., Terzolo, M., & Arnaldi, G. (2025) · Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders · doi:10.1007/s11154-025-09989-y · Cited by 6
“Castinetti et al. reported 11 patients with ACC and hypercortisolism who were”
Rectal Metyrapone for Treatment of Hypercortisolism in an Infant with McCune-Albright Syndrome
Verbeeten, K. C., Hadjiyannakis, S., Cameron, M., & McDonald, J. (2017) · The Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics · doi:10.5863/1551-6776-22.3.233 · Cited by 6
Balakirouchenane, D., Vasseur, A., Bonnet-Serrano, F., Choi, M., Khoudour, N., Puszkiel, A., Groussin, L., Vidal, M., Declèves, X., Bertherat, J. Y., et al. (2023) · Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis · doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115316 · Cited by 6
Birtolo, M. F., Grossrubatscher, E. M., Antonini, S., Loli, P., Mazziotti, G., Lania, A. G., & Chiodini, I. (2023) · Journal of Endocrinological Investigation · doi:10.1007/s40618-023-02105-4 · Cited by 6
“In this setting, it is difficult to predict the dose of steroidogenesis inhibitor needed to control cortisol production Indeed, although 24-h UFC theoretically represents the main marker of antisecretory efficacy [34, 35], this parameter is quite variable, particularly in individuals with severe hypercortisolism [36].”
BackgroundNewell-Price, J. D. C. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-804169-7.00017-9 · Cited by 6
Self-citationEfficacy and safety of pasireotide for Cushing's disease
Zhao, N., Yang, X., Li, C., Ma, J., & Yin, X. (2020) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000023824 · Cited by 6
Osilodrostat‐induced adrenal insufficiency in a patient with Cushing's disease
Ekladios, C., Khoury, J., Mehr, S., & Feghali, K. (2022) · Clinical Case Reports · doi:10.1002/ccr3.6607 · Cited by 6
Cushing's Syndrome in the Elderly
Zdrojowy-Wełna, A., & Valassi, E. (2024) · Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes · doi:10.1055/a-2317-8821 · Cited by 7
“U nau t ho r i z ed d i s t r i bu t i on i s s t r i c t l y p r oh i b i t ed . tered to patients older than 70, but detailed information about effectiveness and side effects in this group is lacking [57].”
BackgroundPiazzola, C., Castinetti, F., von Fabeck, K., & Simon, N. (2025) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1093/ejendo/lvaf185 · Cited by 5
Berry, S. A., Iqbal, A., Newell-Price, J. D. C., & Debono, M. (2025) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/cen.70056 · Cited by 5
“Gastrointestinal upset is a known side effect of metyrapone and in a multi ‐ centre retrospective study of metyrapone in Cushing's disease, was observed in 23% of participants [16].”
Self-citationMedical Treatment of Cushing’s Syndrome
Guignat, L., & Bertherat, J. Y. (2025) · Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.3803/enm.2024.501 · Cited by 5
“In the largest retrospective multicenter study on this drug [36], disease control was achieved in 43% of the 164 patients on metyrapone mono-therapy, as measured by UFC normalization, and in 55% of patients as determined by the average of multiple daily serum cortisol levels, with a median dosage…”
Long-term Treatment With Metyrapone in a Man With Ectopic Cushing Syndrome
Wong, T. W. (2022) · JCEM Case Reports · doi:10.1210/jcemcr/luac008 · Cited by 5
“The median dose of metyrapone used to control hypercortisolism in EAS patients was 1500 mg/day reported in a recent retrospective multicenter study [6].”
MethodAdvances in the Diagnosis and Medical Management of Cushing's Syndrome
Delivanis, D. A., Sharma, A. R., Hamidi, O., Shah, M., & Bancos, I. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-66195-9.00015-7 · Cited by 5
Nishiyama, M., Karashima, T., Iwasaki, Y., Terada, Y., & Fujimoto, S. (2021) · Diabetology International · doi:10.1007/s13340-021-00503-8 · Cited by 5
“1 3 of the steroidogenesis enzyme 11β-hydroxylase, which is often prescribed for the medical treatment of Cushing’s syndrome [12, 19].”
BackgroundAydin, B., Yıldırım, E., Erdogan, O., Arğa, K., Yilmaz, B., Bozkurt, S., Bayraklı, F., & Turanli, B. (2022) · Omics · doi:10.1089/omi.2021.0221 · Cited by 4
“Metyrapone blocks the terminal enzyme involved in cortisol synthesis that converts 11-deoxycortisol to cortisol, resulting in controlled serum cortisol levels in * 50% to 75% of patients (Daniel et al., 2015; Feelders and Hofland, 2013).”
Silverman, E., Addasi, N., Azzawi, M., Duarte, E. M., Huang, D., Swanson, B. J., Ganti, A. K., Reiser, G., Fingeret, A. L., & Kotwal, A. (2022) · AACE Clinical Case Reports · doi:10.1016/j.aace.2022.09.003 · Cited by 5
Cushing Disease: Diagnosis and Treatment
Tatsi, C., & Stratakis, C. A. (2019) · Contemporary Endocrinology · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-11339-1_5 · Cited by 5
Muscogiuri, G., Albertelli, M., Arnaldi, G., Barrea, L., Bellastella, G., Bonomi, M., Caputo, M., Caprio, M., Cignarelli, A., Gioia, L. D., et al. (2026) · Journal of Endocrinological Investigation · doi:10.1007/s40618-026-02862-y · Cited by 4
“In contrast, metyrapone has shown negligible or inconsistent lipid effects in clini - cal settings [ 295].”
Response to Osilodrostat Therapy in Adrenal Cushing’s Syndrome
Stasiak, M., Witek, P., Adamska-Fita, E., & Lewiñski, A. (2024) · Drug Healthcare and Patient Safety · doi:10.2147/dhps.s453105 · Cited by 4
“1,2 6 More data are available for metyrapone efficacy and safety in CSA, 7 as the drug has been available much longer than osilodrostat.”
BackgroundDrost, L., Finke, J. B., Behrje, A., Rebeck, D., Domes, G., & Schächinger, H. (2023) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106328 · Cited by 4
Detomas, M., Deutschbein, T., & Altieri, B. (2024) · Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes · doi:10.1055/a-2317-0801 · Cited by 4
“At last follow-up, a normalization of 24h-UFC and serum cortisol day curves was identified in 40 % and 35 % of pa - tients, respectively [11].”
BackgroundInfluentialNew Approaches to the Treatment of Hypercortisolism
Pofi, R., Alcubierre, D. D., Dong, J., & Tomlinson, J. (2024) · Annual Review of Medicine · doi:10.1146/annurev-med-071723-044849 · Cited by 4
Kidawara, Y., Kakutani‐Hatayama, M., Fukuoka, H., & Koyama, H. (2024) · JCEM Case Reports · doi:10.1210/jcemcr/luae015 · Cited by 4
Pivonello, R., Fleseriu, M., Newell-Price, J. D. C., BERTAGNA, X. Y., Findling, J. W., Shimatsu, A., Gu, F., Auchus, R. J., Leelawattana, R., Lee, E., et al. (2021) · Yearbook of pediatric endocrinology · doi:10.1530/ey.18.8.9 · Cited by 4
Self-citationCurrent and Emerging Pharmacological Therapies for Cushing's Disease
Divaris, E., Kostopoulos, G., & Efstathiadou, Z. A. (2024) · Current Pharmaceutical Design · doi:10.2174/0113816128290025240216110928 · Cited by 3
Katabami, T., Matsuba, R., Nagasaka, T., Yamamoto, Y., Sakai, K., & Sone, M. (2025) · Endocrine Journal · doi:10.1507/endocrj.ej24-0696 · Cited by 3
“However, medical treatments are required in patients with CS with severe hypercortisolism before surgery, those with post‐ operative recurrence or persistence, or those who are not candidates for surgery or refuse surgical treatment [6, 7].”
Castro, M. A., García-Centeno, R., Aller, J., Marazuela, M., Soto, A., Gálvez, M. A., Cámara, R., Valassi, E., Bernabéu, I., Villar‐Taibo, R., et al. (2025) · Endocrinología Diabetes y Nutrición · doi:10.1016/j.endinu.2025.501654 · Cited by 3
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“…trial executed by Daniel et al. has shown that pharmacological inhibition of the cortisol-generating enzyme steroid 11beta-hydroxylase (CYP11B1) through chronic treatment with metyrapone is able to bring relief to the majority of Cushing’s disease patients from their hypercortisolemia [3].”
BackgroundMethodBERTAGNA, X. Y. (2016) · La Presse Médicale · doi:10.1016/j.lpm.2016.05.006 · Cited by 3
“Yet, their retrospective nature brings obvious limitations [9,10].”
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Adrenal Cushing Syndrome: Diagnosis and Management in a 10-Year-Old Boy with Carney Complex
Corica, D., Lugarà, C., Bertherat, J. Y., Pasmant, É., Valenzise, M., Pepe, G., Ferraù, F., Cannavò, S., Aversa, T., & Wasniewska, M. G. (2024) · Hormone Research in Paediatrics · doi:10.1159/000540691 · Cited by 2
“Ketoco-nazole may cause hepatotoxicity, gastrointestinal disturbances, adrenal insuf fi ciency, and gynecomastia, whereas mitotane is cytotoxic [13, 24, 27 – 29].”
Tsujimoto, Y., Yamamoto, N., Bando, H., Yamamoto, M., Ohmachi, Y., Motomura, Y., Oi-Yo, Y., Sasaki, Y., Suzuki, M., Urai, S., et al. (2024) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2024.1511155 · Cited by 2
Rare case of ACTH-independent Cushing syndrome: diagnostic challenges and management
Salazar, L., Araújo, S. A., Correia, M. R., da Silva, J. D., Figueiredo, C., Prior, C., Amaral, C., Oliveira, M. J., de Castro, R., & Borges, T. (2025) · Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1515/jpem-2025-0056 · Cited by 2
Bilateral Adrenal Nodules Presenting With Mild Autonomous Cortisol Secretion
Sandooja, R., Hamidi, O., Zhang, C. D., Dogra, P., Athimulam, S., Rahimi, L., Villavicencio, C. A., Chacko, S. R., Young, W. F., & Bancos, I. (2025) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.1016/j.eprac.2025.06.019 · Cited by 2
Elenius, H., McGlotten, R., & Nieman, L. K. (2025) · Journal of the Endocrine Society · doi:10.1210/jendso/bvaf118 · Cited by 1
Surgical treatment of ACTH-ectopic syndrome
Krylov, V. V., Dobreva, E. A., Kharnas, S. S., Kuznetsov, N. S., Marova, E. I., & Levkin, V. V. (2019) · Pirogov Russian Journal of Surgery · doi:10.17116/hirurgia201908174 · Cited by 2
Non-surgical Interventions for Pituitary Lesions
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Medical Therapy of Hypercortisolism
Feelders, R. A. (2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801238-3.64356-8 · Cited by 2
New Trends in Treating Cushing’s Disease
Violetis, O., & Alexandraki, K. (2024) · touchREVIEWS in Endocrinology · doi:10.17925/ee.2024.20.2.3 · Cited by 2
Durankus, N. K., Samancı, Y., Yılmaz, M., Şengöz, M., Bölükbaşı, Y., & Peker, S. (2022) · Journal of Neurosurgical Sciences · doi:10.23736/s0390-5616.20.05048-1 · Cited by 1
Medical management of Cushing's disease
Kelsall, A., & Newell-Price, J. D. C. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-819949-7.00046-9 · Cited by 2
Self-citationMedical Therapies of Cushing’s Disease–Part 2
Schwarz, Y., Nowak, E., Halperin, R., Shah, S., Agrawal, N., & Feelders, R. A. (2025) · Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2025.08.003 · Cited by 1
Medical Therapies of Cushing’s Disease–Part 1
Schwarz, Y., Nowak, E., Halperin, R., Shah, S., Agrawal, N., & Feelders, R. A. (2025) · Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2025.08.002 · Cited by 1
WOMEN IN CANCER PROFILE: From bedside to bench and back: my journey in thyroid disease
Boelaert, K. (2016) · Endocrine Related Cancer · doi:10.1530/erc-16-0396 · Cited by 1
“2014) as well as the evaluation of metyrapone as an effective treatment in the management of Cushing’s syndrome (Daniel et al. 2015).”
Self-citationMedical Management for Pituitary Adenoma Patients
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Are Cushing's disease patients curable?
BERTAGNA, X. Y. (2018) · Annales d Endocrinologie · doi:10.1016/j.ando.2018.03.012 · Cited by 1
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“According to the European Registry of Cushing’s Syndrome, infections represent the leading cause of death within the first 3 months following EAS diagnosis, with severe hypercortisolism and diabetes posing significant risks [27].”
Writers, A. M. (2016) · Drugs & Therapy Perspectives · doi:10.1007/s40267-016-0315-4 · Cited by 1
Pathogenesis and Treatment of Aggressive Corticotroph Pituitary Tumors
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Medical Therapies in Cushing’s Syndrome
Tritos, N. A., & Biller, B. M. K. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-45950-9_9 · Cited by 1
Ahmad, S., Ong, R. K. S., Malhotra, A., Siskin, G. P., & Shawa, H. (2017) · AACE Clinical Case Reports · doi:10.4158/accr-2017-0012 · Cited by 1
Les nouveaux traitements médicamenteux de la maladie de Cushing
BERTAGNA, X. Y. (2017) · Bulletin de l Académie Nationale de Médecine · doi:10.1016/s0001-4079(19)30515-1 · Cited by 1
Hamberger, D., & Villalobos, M. (2022) · Progress in Palliative Care · doi:10.1080/09699260.2022.2052504 · Cited by 1
Uso del metirapone nel trattamento della sindrome di Cushing
Albiger, N. M. E., Scaroni, C. M., & Boscaro, M. (2017) · L Endocrinologo · doi:10.1007/s40619-017-0339-6
Adrenal Cushing’s Syndrome: Updates on Overt and Mild Hypercortisolism
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Bilateral Adrenalectomy for Cushing Disease
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Acute Medical Aspects Related to Florid Cushing's Syndrome
Alexandraki, K., & Grossman, A. B. (2018) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119374800.ch21
Self-citationLa terapia medica della Malattia di Cushing: presente e futuro
Ceccato, F., Lizzul, L., & Scaroni, C. M. (2018) · L Endocrinologo · doi:10.1007/s40619-018-0441-4
“Gli effetti indesiderati del met dipendono dall’eccesso di mineralcorticoidi e androgeni surrenalici, pertanto oltre a nausea, vomito e dolenzia gastrointestinale si possono osservare ipertensione arteriosa, edema, ipokaliemia e irsutismo nel sesso femminile (fino al 25% dei pazienti) [5].”
BackgroundParaneoplastic hypercortisolism : case report and review of available therapeutic options
Nguyen, A., Grigoriu, B. D., & Meert, A.-P. (2019) · Revue Medicale de Bruxelles · doi:10.30637/2019.18-069
The sinister side of Cushing's therapy
Grossman, A. B. (2019) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(19)30312-2
Self-citationEctopic Acth Secreting Tumor Causing Rapidly Progressive Cushing’s Syndrome
Sanjeevi, A. (2020) · Journal of Medical Science And clinical Research · doi:10.18535/jmscr/v8i11.67
“Ketoconazole which can be used as monotherapy or in combination [11] .”
BackgroundReliability of cavernous sinus sampling in management of Cushing’s disease
Çamlar, M., Kınalı, B., Tanrıöver, N., Kadıoğlu, P., Erden, S., Işlak, C., Koçer, N., Kızılkılıç, O., Ören, M., & Gazioğlu, N. (2021) · The European Research Journal · doi:10.18621/eurj.763928
“After diagnostic tests, dexametasone supression, metyrapone or corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) stimulation test should be performed to distinguish the diagnose from ectopic corticotropin syndrome [3-5].”
MethodBasic Principles in Clinical Neuroendocrinology II: Assays, Rhythms and Pulses
Wilkinson, M., & Imran, S. A. (2018) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108149938.003
Pituitary adenomas: current principles of diagnosis and treatment
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Alternative Management of Cushing's Syndrome During Covid-19 Pandemic
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Self-citationNewell-Price, J. D. C. (2022) · doi:10.1093/med/9780198870197.003.0101
Self-citationAlexandraki, K., & Grossman, A. B. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-90684-9_8
Self-citationAdrenocortical Carcinoma and Severe Cushing Syndrome
Young, W. F., & Bancos, I. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-79285-1.00028-5
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Pereira, A. M., & Dekkers, O. M. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-99899-4.00006-8
Metadata
- Authors
- Daniel, E., Aylwin, S., Mustafa, O., Ball, S., Munir, A., Boelaert, K., Chortis, V., Cuthbertson, D. J., Daousi, C., Rajeev, S. P., Davis, J., Cheer, K., Drake, W., Gunganah, K., Grossman, A., Gurnell, M., Powlson, A. S., Karavitaki, N., Huguet, I., Kearney, T., Mohit, K., Meeran, K., Hill, N., Rees, A., Lansdown, A. J., Trainer, P. J., Minder, A.-E. H., & Newell-Price, J.
- Affiliations
- University of Liverpool (GB)
- St Bartholomew's Hospital (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Newell-Price, John
- ORCID
- Daniel, Eleni
- Aylwin, Simon
- Mustafa, Omar
- Boelaert, Kristien
- Chortis, Vasileios
- Cuthbertson, Daniel J.
- Davis, Julian
- Drake, William
- Grossman, Ashley
- Gurnell, Mark
- Powlson, Andrew S.
- Karavitaki, Niki
- Huguet, Isabel
- Kearney, Tara
- Meeran, Karim
- Hill, Neil
- Rees, Aled
- Lansdown, Andrew J.
- Trainer, Peter J.
- Minder, Anna-Elisabeth H.
- Newell-Price, John
- Venue
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 2015-11
- Volume
- 100
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 4146-4154
- ISSN
- 0021-972X (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7197
- PMC
- PMC5393433
- OpenAlex
- W2145652401
- Semantic Scholar
- be0aef20802f4f370e4b64b56cf53c0bf9ace992
- Cited by
- 231
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 36 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 2
- FWCI
- 17.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (publishedVersion)
- White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York) (acceptedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University) (submittedVersion)
- University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Newcastle University ePrints (Newcastle Univesity)
- Funders
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (ACF-2011-04-005)
- Society for Endocrinology
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Pituitary Gland Disorders and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adrenal Hormones and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Adrenal and Paraganglionic Tumors
- Keywords
- metyrapone, Cushing's syndrome, hypercortisolism, Cushing's disease, ectopic ACTH syndrome, adrenocortical carcinoma, steroidogenesis inhibition, urinary free cortisol, treatment effectiveness, adverse effects, drug discontinuation, adrenal insufficiency
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Child, Child, Preschool, Cushing Syndrome, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Drug Therapy, Combination, Enzyme Inhibitors, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Infant, Male, Metyrapone, Middle Aged, Pituitary Neoplasms, Retrospective Studies, Treatment Outcome, ACTH-Secreting Pituitary Adenoma, Young Adult
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