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Weight Gain and Dyslipidemia in Early Adulthood Associate With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Prospective Cohort Study
Abstract
CONTEXT: Obesity affects the majority of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), but previous studies are inconsistent about the prevalence of obesity and the importance of weight gain in the development of the syndrome. OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to explore the association between weight, weight gain, hyperandrogenism, and PCOS from adolescence to late adulthood. DESIGN: The study includes a prospective Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 study including 5889 females born in 1966 and followed at the ages of 14, 31, and 46 years. SETTING: The setting was the general community. PARTICIPANTS: Women presenting both oligo/amenorrhea (OA) and hirsutism (H) at age 31 (N = 125) or with formally diagnosed PCOS by age 46 (N = 181) were compared with women without PCOS symptoms or diagnosis (n = 1577). INTERVENTIONS: None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Body mass index (BMI), weight change through life, waist circumference, Free Androgen Index, lipids, glucose, insulin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance, and PCOS. RESULTS: Women with OA+H at age 31 or diagnosis of PCOS by age 46 had the highest BMI at all ages compared with the controls. Increase of BMI between ages 14 and 31, but not between 31 and 46, was greater in women with isolated OA (P = .006), OA+H (P = .001), and diagnosis of PCOS (P = .001) compared with controls. In the multivariate analysis, PCOS was significantly associated with BMI at all ages (BMI at age 31: odds ratio [OR] = 1.05 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.00-1.10], Free Androgen Index (OR = 1.08 [95% CI, 1.03-1.14]), serum levels of insulin (OR = 1.05 [95% CI, 1.00-1.09]), and triglycerides (OR = 1.48 [95% CI, 1.08-2.03]). CONCLUSIONS: Symptoms or diagnosis of PCOS are associated with dyslipidemia, hyperandrogenemia, and significantly increased weight gain, especially in early adulthood. This observation is important because it may identify a sensitive time period when weight gain plays a crucial role in the emergence of PCOS and when preventive actions against metabolic and cardiovascular diseases should be implemented.
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“Women with PCOS have a more unfavorable lipid profile than women without PCOS.62,63”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Ollila, M.-M. E., Piltonen, T., Puukka, K., Ruokonen, A., Järvelin, M.-R., Tapanainen, J. S., Franks, S., & Morin-Papunen, L.
- Affiliations
- Oulu University Hospital (FI)
- University of Helsinki (FI)
- NordLab (FI)
- Corresponding author
- Morin-Papunen, Laure
- ORCID
- Venue
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 2016-02
- Volume
- 101
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 739-747
- ISSN
- 0021-972X (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7197
- OpenAlex
- W2195897493
- Cited by
- 182
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 10
- FWCI
- 11.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Spiral (Imperial College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Finska Läkaresällskapet
- Medical Research Center Oulu
- National Institute for Health and Care Research
- Academy of Finland (24300796, 129269, 1114194, 104781, 120315, 129269, 1114194, 24300796, 120315, 104781)
- Oulun Yliopisto (75617, 129269)
- Suomalainen Lääkäriseura Duodecim
- Medical Research Council (MR/M012638/1)
- Pohjois-Pohjanmaan Rahasto
- Biocenter, University of Oulu
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Ovarian function and disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic and Kidney Cyst Diseases
- Keywords
- polycystic ovary syndrome, weight gain, dyslipidemia, obesity, hyperandrogenism, body mass index, insulin resistance, triglycerides, free androgen index, oligoamenorrhea, hirsutism, early adulthood, Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966, life course, insulin, C-reactive protein, lipid profile, glucose
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Body Weight, Female, Humans, Insulin, Lipids, Middle Aged, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Prospective Studies, Triglycerides, Cohort Studies, Weight Gain, Body Mass Index, Hyperandrogenism, Age of Onset, Dyslipidemias, Waist Circumference, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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