Steroid metabolomic disease signature of nonsyndromic childhood obesity
Abstract
CONTEXT: The profile of urinary steroids as measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry defines a subject's "steroidal fingerprint." OBJECTIVE: Here, we clustered steroidal fingerprints to characterize patients with nonsyndromic childhood obesity by "steroid metabolomic signatures." HYPOTHESIS: Nonsyndromic obesity is a symptom of different diseases and conditions, some of them will have their own signature. DESIGN: A total of 31 steroid metabolites were quantified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and their excretion rates were z-transformed. Using MetaboAnalyst 3.0, we divided the subjects into 5 distinctive groups by k-means clustering. Steroidal fingerprints and clinical/biochemical data of patients in each cluster were analyzed. PATIENTS: A total of 87 obese children (44 females), aged 8.5-17.9 years, were clinically characterized, and their 24-hour urine was collected. RESULTS: Cluster 1 (n = 39, 21 females) had normal steroid profile. Cluster 2 (n = 20, 11 females) showed mild, nonspecific elevation of C19 and C21 steroids, females' resistance to polycystic ovary morphology, and hirsutism. Cluster 3 (n = 7 female), with relative 21-hydroxylase insufficiency, was characterized by partial or full polycystic ovary syndrome. Cluster 4 (n = 4 males), showed markedly elevated C21 steroids and imbalance in the 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase system, higher insulin, increased frequency of glucose/insulin index more than 0.3, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase activity, systolic blood pressure, and tendency to liver steatosis. Cluster 5 (n = 17, 5 females) had elevated dehydroepiandrosterone and 17-OH-pregnenolone metabolites, suggesting 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase insufficiency but no clinically unique phenotype. Z-score body mass index values were not significantly different between the clusters. CONCLUSIONS: We defined a novel concept of disease-specific steroid metabolomic signature based on urinary steroidal gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Clustering by software designed for metabolic data analysis reclassified childhood obesity into 5 groups with distinctive signatures; groups require further definition and may require cluster-specific therapeutic strategies.
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This approach has been used to dissect the contribution of the three androgen biosynthesis pathways in CAH.
“Moreover, this approach has been used to dissect the contribution of the three androgen biosynthesis pathways discussed in Section II.C (133,300,301).”
From Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia—Current Insights in Pathophysiology, Diagnostics, and Management (2022) · cites this paper as [301]
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- Authors
- Gawlik, A., Shmoish, M., Hartmann, M. F., Malecka-Tendera, E., Wudy, S. A., & Hochberg, Z.
- Affiliations
- Medical University of Silesia (PL)
- Technion – Israel Institute of Technology (IL)
- Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen (DE)
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (A.G., E.M.-T.), School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40752 Katowice, Poland;
- Corresponding author
- Gawlik, Aneta
- Venue
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 2016-08-09
- Volume
- 101
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 4329-4337
- ISSN
- 0021-972X (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7197
- OpenAlex
- W2512803165
- Cited by
- 36
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 2
- FWCI
- 1.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Ovarian function and disorders
- Keywords
- urinary steroid metabolites, 24-hour urine, polycystic ovary syndrome, 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, dehydroepiandrosterone, hirsutism, insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, disease phenotyping
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Child, Female, Humans, Male, Steroids, Metabolomics, Pediatric Obesity
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