Characterizing the steroidal milieu in amniotic fluid of mid-gestation: a GC-MS study

Wang, R.; Hartmann, M.F.; Tiosano, D.; Wudy, S.A.

doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.105412

Cited by 22Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry StudiesSteroid Chemistry and BiochemistryAdrenal Hormones and Disorders

Characterizing the steroidal milieu in amniotic fluid of mid-gestation: a GC-MS study

Wang, R., Hartmann, M.F., Tiosano, D., Wudy, S.A.·2019·The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

DOI 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.105412

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Abstract

Intact steroid hormone biosynthesis is essential for growth and development of the human fetus and embryo. In the present study, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was employed to characterize the steroidal milieu in amniotic fluid (n = 65; male: female = 35: 30) of mid-gestation (median: 18.8th week, range: 16.0th - 24.6th week) by a comprehensive targeted steroid hormone metabolomics approach. The levels of 52 steroids including pregnenolone and 17-OH-pregnenolone metabolites, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its metabolites, progesterone and 17-OH-progesterone metabolites, sex hormones as well as corticosterone and cortisol metabolites were measured. The dominating steroids were the group of pregnenolone and 17-OH-pregnenolone metabolites (mean ± SD: 138.0 ± 59.3 ng/mL), followed by the group of progesterone and 17-OH-progesterone metabolites (107.3 ± 44.3 ng/mL), and thereafter DHEA and its metabolites (97.1 ± 56.5 ng/mL). With respect to sex steroids, only testosterone showed a significantly higher value in male fetuses (p < 0.0001). Of all estrogen metabolites, estriol showed by far the highest concentrations (33.2 ± 26.1 ng/mL). Interestingly, cortisol metabolites were clearly present (59.6 ± 13.6 ng/mL) though fetal de novo synthesis of cortisol is assumed to start from gestational 28th week onwards. Our comprehensive characterization of the steroidal milieu in amniotic fluid of mid-gestation shows presence of all relevant classes of steroid hormones and provides reference data. We conclude that the steroidal milieu in amniotic fluid mirrors the steroidome of the feto-placental unit.

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Characterizing the steroidal milieu in amniotic fluid of mid-gestation: A LC–MS/MS study
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Concentration of 14 Steroid Hormones in Human Amniotic Fluid of Midpregnancy*
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Authors: Wang, R., Hartmann, M. F., Tiosano, D., & Wudy, S. A.
Affiliations: Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen (DE)
Rambam Health Care Campus (IL)
Corresponding author: Wudy, S.A.
ORCID: Hartmann, M.F.
Tiosano, D.
Wudy, S.A.
Venue: The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2019-10
Volume: 193
Pages: 105412
ISSN: 0960-0760 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.105412
OpenAlex: W2884071010
Cited by: 22
References: 58
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 4
FWCI: 1.08
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
Locations: The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Steroid Chemistry and Biochemistry
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adrenal Hormones and Disorders
Keywords: amniotic fluid, steroid hormones, second trimester, 17-hydroxypregnenolone, dehydroepiandrosterone, progesterone metabolites, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, sex steroids, testosterone, estriol, cortisol metabolites, fetal steroidogenesis, fetoplacental unit
MeSH terms: Adult, Amniotic Fluid, Female, Gestational Age, Humans, Male, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Pregnancy, Steroids, Young Adult

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Characterizing the steroidal milieu in amniotic fluid of mid-gestation: a GC-MS study

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