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Level of sex hormone-binding globulin is positively correlated with insulin sensitivity in men with type 2 diabetes
Abstract
The level of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) is associated with glucose metabolism in nondiabetic women and men, and the finding of low SHBG levels is suggested to be a predictor of the development of type 2 (noninsulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. To further assess the relationship between SHBG levels and glucose metabolism, we measured serum concentrations of sex hormones and SHBG in 23 well characterized diabetic men, and studied the relationship between these variables and parameters of glucose and lipid metabolism. Insulin sensitivity was estimated using the hyperinsulinemic euglycemic glucose clamp technique. There was a strong positive correlation between the level of SHBG and the sensitivity to insulin in these individuals (r = 0.74; P < 0.001), which was independent of obesity and abdominal fat accumulation. Controlling for the effect of fasting C-peptide and insulin levels did not change the correlation coefficient significantly. SHBG levels did not correlate with levels of free testosterone (F-T), free estradiol (F-E2), or F-T/F-E2 ratio. F-E2 was positively correlated with levels of diastolic blood pressure and triglycerides (r = 0.44; P < 0.05 and r = 0.62; P < 0.001, respectively). These findings support earlier observations that associate insulin resistance with levels of SHBG, and for the first time demonstrate a direct correlation between sensitivity to insulin and SHBG levels in men with type 2 diabetes.
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“Both low testosterone [38]–[40] and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) [41], [42] are associated with metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance.”
From Impact of Five Nights of Sleep Restriction on Glucose Metabolism, Leptin and Testosterone in Young Adult Men (2012) · cites this paper as [42]
In the citing paper
“In addition, SHBG was also found to be negatively associated with plasma glucose, insulin levels and IR [125–127].”
From Role of sex hormone-binding globulin in the free hormone hypothesis and the relevance of free testosterone in androgen physiology (2022) · cites this paper as [127]
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Impact of sex hormone-binding globulin on the human phenome
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“SHBG systemic level has been shown to be decreased in patients with obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS) [15–17].”
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“Birkeland et al. [103] were among the first to report that SHBG levels could serve as a marker of IR, a finding that has since been supported by numerous studies [104].”
IRTKS promotes osteogenic differentiation by inhibiting PTEN phosphorylation
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Metadata
- Authors
- Birkeland, K. I., Hanssen, K. F., Torjesen, P. A., & Vaaler, S.
- Affiliations
- Oslo University Hospital (NO)
- ORCID
- Birkeland, K I
- Venue
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 1993-02
- Volume
- 76
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 275-278
- ISSN
- 0021-972X (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7197
- OpenAlex
- W2155219543
- Cited by
- 161
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 3.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hormonal and reproductive studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Keywords
- sex hormone-binding globulin, insulin sensitivity, type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, glucose metabolism, free estradiol, free testosterone, sex hormones, triglycerides, diastolic blood pressure, men
- MeSH terms
- Adipose Tissue, Aged, Body Composition, C-Peptide, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Estradiol, Humans, Insulin, Male, Middle Aged, Regression Analysis, Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin, Testosterone, Glucose Clamp Technique, Body Mass Index
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