ENDOGENOUS SEX HORMONE LEVELS IN OLDER ADULT MEN WITH DIABETES MELLITUS
Abstract
In a Southern California population-based cohort of 985 men aged 40-79 years in 1972-1974, 110 men with diabetes had significantly lower mean levels of endogenous plasma testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin than did 875 nondiabetic men. Mean androstenedione, estrone, and estradiol levels did not differ significantly by diabetic status. The testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin differences were reduced but not eliminated after adjustment for age and body mass index (weight (kg)/height (m)2). Twenty-one percent of diabetic men compared with 13% of nondiabetic men had testosterone levels below a categorically defined normal level of 3,500 pg/ml. Testosterone was inversely related to degree of glycemia in the whole cohort. Throughout the whole range of plasma glucose, there was a stepwise decrease in mean testosterone levels per categorical increase in fasting plasma glucose, apparent in both diabetics and nondiabetics. The clinical and physiologic implications of the reduced testosterone levels in diabetic men merit further investigation.
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Testosterone levels are lower in diabetic men compared with nondiabetic subjects.
“Furthermore, it has been reported that testosterone levels are lower in diabetic men compared with nondiabetic subjects (6 -9).”
From Clinical and Biochemical Assessment of Hypogonadism in Men With Type 2 Diabetes (2007) · cites this paper as [6]
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“Similarly, studies in men show that as blood glucose levels increase, T levels decrease [35, 36].”
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“T2D men have even lower SHBG levels as compared to age and BMI matched non-diabetics [2].”
BackgroundResultPrevalence of Hypogonadism in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in an Asian Indian Study Group
Ganesh, H. K., Sarathi, V., George, J., Shivane, V. K., Bandgar, T., Menon, P. S., & Shah, N. S. (2009) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.4158/ep09035.orr · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Ohta, T., Katsuda, Y., Miyajima, K., Sasase, T., Kimura, S., Tong, B., & Yamada, T. (2014) · Journal of Diabetes Research · doi:10.1155/2014/841957 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
“Both serum testosterone and SHBG levels were significantly lower in males with type 2 diabetes, and increasing insulin resistance was associated with decreased testosterone secretion at the testicular level (Leydig cell) [20, 21].”
BackgroundDerkach, K. V., Bakhtyukov, A. A., Romanova, I. V., Zorina, I. I., Bayunova, L. V., Бондарева, В. М., Morina, I. Y., Roy, V. K., & Shpakov, A. O. (2020) · Andrologia · doi:10.1111/and.13816 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
The role of sex hormone-binding globulin and testosterone in the risk of incident metabolic syndrome
Haring, R., Völzke, H., Spielhagen, C., Nauck, M. A., & Wallaschofski, H. (2012) · European Journal of Preventive Cardiology · doi:10.1177/2047487312452965 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Shin, Y. S., You, J. H., Cha, J. S., & Park, J. K. (2016) · The Aging Male · doi:10.1080/13685538.2016.1229764 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Type 2 diabetes‐associated androgen alteration in patients with erectile dysfunction
El‐Sakka, A. I., Sayed, H. M., & Tayeb, K. (2007) · International Journal of Andrology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2605.2007.00815.x · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Jasuja, G. K., Travison, T. G., Davda, M. N., Rose, A. J., Zhang, A., Kushnir, M. M., Rockwood, A. L., Meikle, W. A., Coviello, A. D., D’Agostino, R. B., et al. (2013) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc12-2477 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Tripathy, D., Dhindsa, S., Garg, R., Khaishagi, A., Syed, T., & Dandona, P. (2003) · Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders · doi:10.1089/154041903321648270 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
“Two of the studies do not mention gonadotropin concentrations 16,17 ; one reports increased gonadotropin, 7 while the fourth reports normal LH and FSH. 6 The study showing elevated LH and FSH (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism) was from Pakistan and may represent some distinct underlying pathological…”
A closer look at the role of insulin for the regulation of male reproductive function
Oghbaei, H., Fattahi, A., Hamidian, G., Sadigh‐Eteghad, S., Ziaee, M., & Mahmoudi, J. (2020) · General and Comparative Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113643 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Chodari, L., Mohammadi, M., Ghorbanzadeh, V., Dariushnejad, H., & Mohaddes, G. (2016) · Canadian Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.1016/j.jcjd.2016.03.004 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
“A higher prevalence of hypogonadism in men with diabetes has been reported (21).”
Background
- Authors
- BARRETT-CONNOR, E., KHAW, K.-T., & YEN, S. S. C.
- Affiliations
- University of California San Diego (US)
- Corresponding author
- BARRETT-CONNOR, E.
- Venue
- American Journal of Epidemiology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1990-11
- Volume
- 132
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 895-901
- ISSN
- 0002-9262 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-6256
- OpenAlex
- W1957056004
- Cited by
- 217
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 2.83
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Epidemiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01hl034591-02, 5r01am031801-03)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL 34591, HV-1-2160-L)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hormonal and reproductive studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Sperm and Testicular Function
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Keywords
- diabetes mellitus, testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin, androstenedione, estrone, estradiol, older men, fasting blood glucose, glycemia, body mass index, hypogonadism
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Blood Glucose, Blood Pressure, Cholesterol, Diabetes Mellitus, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin, Testosterone, Body Mass Index
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