Safety of recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid-derived growth hormone: The national cooperative growth study experience
Abstract
The National Cooperative Growth Study has monitored the safety of recombinant human GH (rhGH) since 1985. Data have been collected from more than 19,000 children representing over 47,000 patient-years of rhGH treatment. Children receiving GH for renal disease were more likely to develop problems such as intracranial hypertension than those with GH deficiency (P < 0.01). Children with idiopathic short stature were less likely to develop slipped capital femoral epiphysis than those with GH deficiency or Turner's syndrome (P < 0.01). There was no evidence of an increased recurrence of leukemia or central nervous system tumors. There were 3 new cases of leukemia in children without known risk factors for developing leukemia and 5 cases in children with known risk factors. Growth deceleration associated with high affinity, high capacity antibodies to GH was found in only 2 of 5039 subjects tested (0.04%). Major adverse events in association with rhGH treatment have been rare, and preexisting medical conditions such as renal insufficiency may affect their frequency.
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The incidence of developing type 2 diabetes for children under GH treatment was increased more than six times compared to the general population, especially in patients with predisposing risk factors such as obesity.
“Large-scale cohort studies have shown that, compared to the general population, the incidence of developing type 2 diabetes for children under GH treatment was increased more than six times, especially in patients with predisposing risk factors, such as obesity (46–48).”
From The progression of secondary diabetes: A review of modeling studies (2022) · cites this paper as [46]
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Begué, N. M., Alarcón, S., Wolley-Dod, C., et al. (2016) · JIMD Reports · doi:10.1007/8904_2016_18 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Role of Gorwth Hormone in Ovarian Physiology and Onest of Puberty
Sharara, F. I., & Giudice, L. C. (1997) · Journal of the Society for Gynecologic Investigation · doi:10.1016/s1071-5576(96)00059-7 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Recombinant Human Growth Hormone
Benedini, S., Terruzzi, I. M., Lazzarin, A., & Luzi, L. (2008) · BioDrugs · doi:10.2165/00063030-200822020-00003 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“balanced against the known increased morbidity/mortality of untreated GHD (table I).[86-88]”
Yiğit, Ş., Estrada, E., Bucci, K., et al. (2004) · Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1515/jpem.2004.17.3.361 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Leukemia in Children Treated with Growth Hormone
Blethen, S. L. (1998) · Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1016/s1043-2760(98)00091-5 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Self-citationGrowth Hormone and Neurofibromatosis
Howell, S. J., Wilton, P., Lindberg, A., & Shalet, S. M. (2000) · Hormone Research in Paediatrics · doi:10.1159/000053208 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Ergun-Longmire, B., & Wajnrajch, M. P. (2013) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 17 · see citing works
A Risk-Benefit Assessment of Growth Hormone Use in Children
Blethen, S. L., & MacGillivray, M. H. (1997) · Drug Safety · doi:10.2165/00002018-199717050-00003 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Self-citationOff-Label Use of Recombinant IGF-I to Promote Growth: Is It Appropriate?
Rosenbloom, A. L., & Rivkees, S. A. (2010) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2009-2450 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Growth Hormone Therapy in Children
Lum, C. K., & Wilson, D. M. (1999) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-59259-700-0_3 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
- Authors
- Blethen, S. L., Allen, D. B., Graves, D., August, G., Moshang, T., & Rosenfeld, R.
- Affiliations
- State University of New York (US)
- Venue
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 1996-05
- Volume
- 81
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1704-1710
- ISSN
- 0021-972X (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7197
- OpenAlex
- W2090173071
- Cited by
- 246
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 54 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 10.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Pituitary Gland Disorders and Treatments
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Biosimilars and Bioanalytical Methods
- Keywords
- recombinant human growth hormone, drug safety, growth hormone deficiency, idiopathic short stature, Turner syndrome, kidney disease, intracranial hypertension, slipped capital femoral epiphysis, leukemia recurrence, central nervous system tumors, anti-growth hormone antibodies, growth slowdown, adverse events
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, Child, Edema, Female, Gynecomastia, Humans, Leukemia, Lymphedema, Male, Neoplasms, Nevus, Pseudotumor Cerebri, Recombinant Proteins, Recurrence, Growth Hormone
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