Cited by 974Sleep and Wakefulness ResearchObstructive Sleep Apnea ResearchSleep and Work-Related Fatigue

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Elevation of Plasma Cytokines in Disorders of Excessive Daytime Sleepiness: Role of Sleep Disturbance and Obesity

Vgontzas, Alexandros N., Papanicolaou, Dimitris A., Bixler, Edward O., Kales, Anthony, Tyson, Kathy, Chrousos, George P.·1997·The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism

DOI 10.1210/jcem.82.5.3950

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Abstract

Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and fatigue are frequent symptoms in the general population and the chief complaint of the majority of patients at Sleep Disorders Centers. There is evidence that the inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), and IL-6 are involved in physiological sleep regulation and that their administration to humans is associated with sleepiness and fatigue. To explore whether plasma levels of TNF alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6 are elevated in patients with EDS, we measured morning plasma levels of TNF alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6 in 12 sleep apneics, 11 narcoleptics, 8 idiopathic hypersomniacs, and 10 normal controls. TNF alpha was significantly elevated in sleep apneics and narcoleptics compared to that in normal controls (P < 0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively). Plasma IL-1beta concentrations were not different between sleep disorder patients and controls, whereas IL-6 was markedly and significantly elevated in sleep apneics compared to that in normal controls (P = 0.028). The primary factor influencing TNF alpha values was the degree of nocturnal sleep disturbance, whereas the primary determinant for IL-6 levels was the body mass index. Our findings suggest that TNF alpha and IL-6 might play a significant role in mediating sleepiness and fatigue in disorders of EDS in humans.

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Authors: Vgontzas, A. N., Papanicolaou, D. A., Bixler, E. O., Kales, A., Tyson, K., & Chrousos, G. P.
Affiliations: Pennsylvania State University (US)
National Institutes of Health (US)
Corresponding author: Vgontzas, Alexandros N.
ORCID: Vgontzas, Alexandros N.
Chrousos, George P.
Venue: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
Publisher: The Endocrine Society
Published: 1997-05
Volume: 82
Issue: 5
Pages: 1313-1316
ISSN: 0021-972X (ISSN-L)
1945-7197
DOI: 10.1210/jcem.82.5.3950
OpenAlex: W1975319022
Cited by: 974
References: 22
Citations by year: 2026: 10 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 29 · 2015: 40 · 2014: 42 · 2013: 38 · 2012: 46
FWCI: 11.57
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
Keywords: excessive daytime sleepiness, plasma cytokines, TNF-α, IL-1β, interleukin-6, sleep apnea, narcolepsy, idiopathic hypersomnia, sleep disorders, obesity, body mass index, fatigue, inflammation
MeSH terms: Adult, Female, Humans, Disorders of Excessive Somnolence, Interleukin-1, Male, Narcolepsy, Obesity, Sleep Apnea Syndromes, Sleep Wake Disorders, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Interleukin-6, Body Mass Index, Cytokines

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Elevation of Plasma Cytokines in Disorders of Excessive Daytime Sleepiness: Role of Sleep Disturbance and Obesity

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