CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 822Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth FactorsPituitary Gland Disorders and TreatmentsHormonal and reproductive studies

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 149 of the 149 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Growth Hormone Deficiency in Adulthood and the Effects of Growth Hormone Replacement: A Review

Open access
Carroll, Paul V., Christ the members of Growth Hormon, Emanuel R., Bengtsson, B. Å., Carlsson, L., Christiansen, J. S., Clemmons, D., Hintz, R., Ho, K., Laron, Z., Sizonenko, P., Sönksen, P. H., Tanaka, T., Thorner, M.·1998·The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
DOI 10.1210/jcem.83.2.4594
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

"GH DEFICIENCY in the human adult most commonly results from pituitary or peripituitary tumors and their treatment (1). The majority of these tumors are benign, and in a large series, pituitary adenoma was the commonest cause of adult hypopituitarism (2). The incidence of adultonset (AO) GH deficiency is not known, but indirect estimates based on the incidence of pituitary tumors suggest an incidence of 10 people/million annually. In contrast, childhood- onset (CO)GHdeficiency is most commonly idiopathic and is not necessarily associated with other pituitary hormone deficiencies. The limited supplies of pituitary-derived GH restricted research into the use of GH in adults and limited knowledge of the role ofGHafter the cessation of linear growth. An early study, in which a 35-yr-old hypopituitary adult reported increased vigor, ambition, and well-being after GH replacement, suggested that GH may have biological actions in adulthood (3). More recent evidence suggests that adults with hypopituitarism have reduced life expectancy (2, 4), possibly related to GH deficiency (5). The availability of recombinant GH has led to intensive investigation of the effects ofGHin health and disease, and over the past decade, numerous studies have focused on the effects of GH replacement in the adult with GH deficiency. The first placebo-controlled trials ofGHreplacement in the GH-deficient adult were reported in 1989 (6, 7). These and subsequent investigations have led to the recognition of a specific clinical syndrome in adults with long standing GH deficiency. This syndrome is associated with characteristic symptoms, signs, and investigative findings. The main features are listed in Table 1. Many studies have assessed the effects of GH replacement on these symptoms and signs. The majority of these data has resulted from both formal randomized placebo-controlled trials and smaller open studies. Consistently, these studies have demonstrated that adults with GH deficiency are both physically and psychologically less healthy than their age-matched peers, and that GH replacement results in substantial and sustained benefits. This review details the important features resulting from GH deficiency and summarizes the information, available up to the beginning of 1997, relating to the effects of GH replacement."

Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1210/jcem.83.2.4594

Cites

149 of 149 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Citations

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 149 references

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Items 701–800 of 822

Related

See all

Metadata

Authors
Carroll, P. V., Christ the members of Growth Hormon, E. R., Bengtsson, B. Å., Carlsson, L., Christiansen, J. S., Clemmons, D., Hintz, R., Ho, K., Laron, Z., Sizonenko, P., Sönksen, P. H., Tanaka, T., & Thorner, M.
Affiliations
Aarhus Municipality (DK)
ORCID
Venue
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
Publisher
The Endocrine Society
Published
1998-02
Volume
83
Issue
2
Pages
382-395
ISSN
  • 0021-972X (ISSN-L)
  • 1945-7197
DOI
10.1210/jcem.83.2.4594
OpenAlex
W2146352480
Cited by
822
References
149
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 24 · 2012: 22
FWCI
31.38
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) (submittedVersion)
  • UNC Libraries
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factors
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Pituitary Gland Disorders and Treatments
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hormonal and reproductive studies
Keywords
adult-onset growth hormone deficiency, growth hormone replacement therapy, hypopituitarism, pituitary adenoma, childhood-onset growth hormone deficiency, recombinant human growth hormone, life expectancy, psychological well-being, physical health
MeSH terms
Adult, Body Composition, Bone and Bones, Cardiovascular System, Humans, Hypopituitarism, Muscles, Skin, Exercise, Bone Density, Human Growth Hormone

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review