Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 567Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic DiseasesDiabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and LipoproteinsInflammatory Biomarkers in Disease Prognosis

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 34 of the 37 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Circulating Interleukin 6 Levels, Blood Pressure, and Insulin Sensitivity in Apparently Healthy Men and Women

Fernandez-Real, José-Manuel, Vayreda, Montserrat, Richart, Cristobal, Gutierrez, Cristina, Broch, Montserrat, Vendrell, Joan, Ricart, Wifredo·2001·The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
DOI 10.1210/jcem.86.3.7305
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

There is increasing evidence that systemic inflammation and insulin resistance constitute interrelated events that contribute to atherosclerosis. We studied the effect of the association between circulating interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels, one of the major mediators of inflammation, and C-reactive protein on insulin resistance and blood pressure in 228 healthy volunteers. The plasma IL-6 concentration was significantly and similarly associated with systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure, fasting insulin, and the fasting insulin resistance index (FIRI) in all subjects. When smokers were excluded from the analysis, plasma IL-6 levels correlated with percent fat mass (r = 0.19; P = 0.02), absolute fat mass (r = 0.17; P = 0.03), SBP, DBP, fasting insulin levels, and FIRI. The latter associations persisted after controlling for body mass index (r = 0.15 and r = 0.19; P = 0.02 and P = 0.0004 for SBP and DBP, respectively; r = 0.24 and r = 0.19, P = 0.004 and P = 0.03, for fasting insulin and FIRI, respectively). Gender and smoking status significantly influenced the results. Although IL-6 levels were significantly associated with fasting insulin and FIRI in men, these significant correlations were not observed in women. Conversely, although IL-6 levels were significantly associated with SBP and DBP in women, these coefficients were not statistically significant in men. All of these associations were lost among smokers and remained significant in nonsmokers. As IL-6 is the major mediator of the acute phase response by hepatocytes and induces the synthesis of C-reactive protein (CRP), we also controlled for the latter. Serum CRP levels correlated significantly with IL-6 in all the subjects, but mainly in nonsmokers and men. Of note was that this significant relationship was lost among smokers. CRP was associated with fasting insulin (r = 0.28; P < 0.0001) and FIRI (r = 0.25; P < 0.0001), but not with SBP or DBP (P = NS), in all subjects. Unlike IL-6, the associations between CRP and these parameters were similar in men and women and in smokers and nonsmokers. For insulin and FIRI they were stronger in women and in nonsmokers. CPR significantly correlated with the WHR only in men (r = 0.22; P = 0.01). Using multiple linear regression in a stepwise manner to predict circulating IL-6 levels, smoking status (P = 0.0059) and FIRI (P = 0.03), but not fat mass or SBP, independently contributed to 11% of its variance in men. When CRP was introduced into the model, the latter (P < 0.0001) and smoking status (P = 0.02), but not FIRI, fat mass, or SBP, contributed to 33% of the variance in IL-6 levels. In women, only SBP (P = 0.04) contributed to 5% of its variance. When CRP was introduced into the model, again only SBP (P = 0.01) contributed to 10% of the variance in IL-6 levels. In 25 of these subjects, insulin sensitivity was determined using the frequently sampled iv glucose tolerance test with minimal model analysis, and circulating IL-6 levels were strongly associated with the insulin sensitivity index (r = −0.65; P < 0.0001). Again, this relationship was even stronger in men (r =− 0.75; P < 0.001) and was not significant in women (r = −0.26; P = NS). In all of these subjects, only insulin sensitivity (P = 0.0037), not fat mass, contributed to 21% of the variance of IL-6 levels in a multiple linear regression analysis. In summary, circulating IL-6 levels, by inducing either hypertension in women or insulin resistance in men, constitute a significant proatherogenic cytokine. The mechanisms of these associations should be further investigated.

Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1210/jcem.86.3.7305

Cites

34 of 34 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Citations

Cites

Show all 37 references

Cited by

Items 501–567 of 567

Related

See all

Metadata

Authors
Fernandez-Real, J.-M., Vayreda, M., Richart, C., Gutierrez, C., Broch, M., Vendrell, J., & Ricart, W.
Affiliations
  • Unitat de Diabetologia, Endocrinologia i Nutricio, University Hospital of Girona Dr. Josep Trueta, 17007 Girona; Unitat d’Endocrinologia, Hospital of Tarragona Joan XXIII, Facultat Medicina, Institut d’Estudis Avançats, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
  • Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII de Tarragona (ES)
ORCID
Venue
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
Publisher
The Endocrine Society
Published
2001-03-01
Volume
86
Issue
3
Pages
1154-1159
ISSN
  • 0021-972X (ISSN-L)
  • 1945-7197
DOI
10.1210/jcem.86.3.7305
OpenAlex
W2025429912
Cited by
567
References
37
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 31 · 2012: 30
FWCI
24.58
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Inflammatory Biomarkers in Disease Prognosis
Keywords
interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, insulin resistance, blood pressure, systemic inflammation, fat mass, smoking, sex differences, healthy adults, atherosclerosis risk factors, acute phase response, body mass index, hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, dyslipoproteinemia, dyslipidemia risk factors, dyslipidemia severity
MeSH terms
Adult, Blood Pressure, Body Constitution, C-Reactive Protein, Diastole, Fasting, Female, Humans, Insulin, Insulin Resistance, Male, Middle Aged, Sex Characteristics, Smoking, Systole, Interleukin-6, Body Mass Index, Linear Models

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.