Immune-neuro-endocrine interactions: facts and hypotheses.

BESEDOVSKY, HUGO OSCAR; REY, ADRIANA DEL

doi:10.1210/edrv-17-1-64

Cited by 1,564Stress Responses and CortisolNeuropeptides and Animal PhysiologyVagus Nerve Stimulation Research

Immune-neuro-endocrine interactions: facts and hypotheses.

BESEDOVSKY, HUGO OSCAR, REY, ADRIANA DEL·1996·Endocrine Reviews

DOI 10.1210/edrv-17-1-64

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

I. Introduction THE existence of mechanisms that provide immunity to an infective agent was inferred from empirical observations obtained through the ingenuity and deductive capacity of early investigators. The first procedures for vaccinations and serotherapy resulted from these observations. The implementation of these procedures, probably the most important contribution of immunology to medical science, was, at first, based on a very rudimentary knowledge of the immune system. During the first half of the 20th century, this rather primitive knowledge coincided with evidence showing that the endocrine and nervous systems integrate and regulate different bodily functions. Therefore, based on some supportive data, it was considered that immune mechanisms may also be influenced by these systems. However, at the beginning of the second half of the 20th century, most efforts were directed at understanding the molecular and cellular basis of the immune response and the mechanisms of acquisition of immunological diversity and self-tolerance.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1210/edrv-17-1-64

Cites

300 of 300 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Innate immune cytokines are potent stimulators of the neuroregulatory peptide corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF).
“innate immune cytokines are potent stimulators of the neuroregulatory peptide corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF).31”
From Cytokines and Glucocorticoid Receptor Signaling (2009) · cites this paper as [31]
Pro-inflammatory cytokines released during infection and inflammation can affect behavior, mood, and functioning of the central nervous system.
“The release of pro-inflammatory cytokines during infection and inflammation can affect behavior, mood, and functioning of the central nervous system (CNS) [1], [2], [3].”
From Dose-dependent effects of endotoxin on neurobehavioral functions in humans (2011) · cites this paper as [1]
Pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α play a pivotal role in mediating sickness-related behavior and cognitive impairments by communicating peripheral inflammation to the brain.
“Animal and human studies suggest that pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α play a pivotal role in mediating sickness-related behavior and cognitive impairments by communicating peripheral inflammation to the brain [1], [3], [15], [16], [17].”
From Dose-dependent effects of endotoxin on neurobehavioral functions in humans (2011) · cites this paper as [1]
Corticotropin-releasing hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, and cortisol have been found to be elevated in patients with major depression.
“all of which have been found to be elevated in patients with major depression (99–101)”
From Cytokine Research in Depression: Principles, Challenges, and Open Questions (2019) · cites this paper as [99]
Cytokines can affect neuroendocrine function by increasing hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity.
“Cytokines can also affect neuroendocrine function by increasing hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity.”
From Cytokine Research in Depression: Principles, Challenges, and Open Questions (2019) · cites this paper as [99]

Adipose Expression of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α: Direct Role in Obesity-Linked Insulin Resistance
Hotamisligil, G. S., Shargill, N. S., & Spiegelman, B. M. (1993) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.7678183 · Cited by 7,518 · see citing works
Shock and Tissue Injury Induced by Recombinant Human Cachectin
Tracey, K. J., Beutler, B., Lowry, S. F., Merryweather, J., Wolpe, S., Milsark, I. W., Hariri, R. J., Fahey, T. J., Zentella, A., Albert, J. D., et al. (1986) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.3764421 · Cited by 2,549 · see citing works
Immunoregulatory Feedback Between Interleukin-1 and Glucocorticoid Hormones
Besedovsky, H., del Rey, A., Sorkin, E., & Dinarello, C. A. (1986) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.3014662 · Cited by 1,519 · see citing works
Self-citation
Interleukin-1 stimulates the secretion of hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing factor
Sapolsky, R., Rivier, C., Yamamoto, G., Plotsky, P., & Vale, W. (1987) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.2821621 · Cited by 1,504 · see citing works
Control of Cachectin (Tumor Necrosis Factor) Synthesis: Mechanisms of Endotoxin Resistance
Beutler, B., Krochin, N., Milsark, I. W., Luedke, C. E., & Cerami, A. (1986) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.3754653 · Cited by 1,268 · see citing works
T‐lymphocyte entry into the central nervous system
Hickey, W. F., Hsu, B. L., & Kimura, H. (1991) · Journal of Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1002/jnr.490280213 · Cited by 1,176 · see citing works
Corticotropin-releasing factor-producing neurons in the rat activated by interleukin-1
Berkenbosch, F., van Oers, J., del Rey, A., Tilders, F., & Besedovsky, H. (1987) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.2443979 · Cited by 1,151 · see citing works
Self-citation
Positional cloning of the mouse obese gene and its human homologue
Zhang, Y., Proenca, R., Maffei, M., Barone, M., Leopold, L., & Friedman, J. M. (1995) · Nature · doi:10.1038/374479a0 · Cited by 1,125 · see citing works
Interleukin-1 regulates synthesis of nerve growth factor in non-neuronal cells of rat sciatic nerve
Lindholm, D., Heumann, R., Meyer, M., & Thoenen, H. (1987) · Nature · doi:10.1038/330658a0 · Cited by 994 · see citing works
Effect of Neuropeptides on Production of Inflammatory Cytokines by Human Monocytes
Lotz, M., Vaughan, J. H., & Carson, D. A. (1988) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.2457950 · Cited by 925 · see citing works
Sickness behavior as a new target for drug development
Kent, S., Bluthé, R.-M., Kelley, K. W., & Dantzer, R. (1992) · Trends in Pharmacological Sciences · doi:10.1016/0165-6147(92)90012-u · Cited by 863 · see citing works
Tumor necrosis factor soluble receptors circulate during experimental and clinical inflammation and can protect against excessive tumor necrosis factor alpha in vitro and in vivo.
Zee, K. J. V., Kohno, T., Fischer, E., Rock, C. S., Moldawer, L. L., & Lowry, S. F. (1992) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.89.11.4845 · Cited by 845 · see citing works
Cachectin/tumor necrosis factor: production, distribution, and metabolic fate in vivo.
Beutler, B., Milsark, I. W., & Cerami, A. (1985) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.135.6.3972 · Cited by 771 · see citing works
Cellular immune reactivity within the CNS
Wekerle, H., Linington, C., Lassmann, H., & Meyermann, R. (1986) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/0166-2236(86)90077-9 · Cited by 767 · see citing works
Interleukin-1 Immunoreactive Innervation of the Human Hypothalamus
Breder, C. D., Dinarello, C. A., & Saper, C. B. (1988) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.3258444 · Cited by 759 · see citing works
Inflammatory mediator-induced hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activation is defective in streptococcal cell wall arthritis-susceptible Lewis rats.
Sternberg, E. M., Hill, J. M., Chrousos, G. P., Kamilaris, T., Listwak, S. J., Gold, P. W., & Wilder, R. L. (1989) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.86.7.2374 · Cited by 723 · see citing works
Release of Multiple Hormones by a Direct Action of Interleukin-1 on Pituitary Cells
Bernton, E. W., Beach, J. E., Holaday, J. W., Smallridge, R. C., & Fein, H. G. (1987) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.2821620 · Cited by 671 · see citing works
Differential effects of vasoactive intestinal peptide, substance P, and somatostatin on immunoglobulin synthesis and proliferations by lymphocytes from Peyer's patches, mesenteric lymph nodes, and spleen.
STANISZ, A. M., Befus, A. D., & Bienenstock, J. (1986) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.136.1.152 · Cited by 573 · see citing works
Glucocorticoid-induced inhibition of T cell growth factor production. I. The effect on mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation.
Gillis, S. A., Crabtree, R. H., & Smith, K. A. (1979) · PubMed · Cited by 561 · see citing works
Intestinal mucosal mast cells in normal and nematode-infected rat intestines are in intimate contact with peptidergic nerves.
Stead, R. H., Tomioka, M., Quinonez, G. E., Simon, G. T., Felten, S. Y., & Bienenstock, J. (1987) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.84.9.2975 · Cited by 554 · see citing works
Proliferation of astrocytes in vitro in response to cytokines. A primary role for tumor necrosis factor.
Selmaj, K. W., Farooq, M., Norton, W. T., Raine, C. S., & Brosnan, C. F. (1990) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.144.1.129 · Cited by 544 · see citing works
Tumor necrosis factor impairs insulin action on peripheral glucose disposal and hepatic glucose output.
Lang, C. H., Dobrescu, C., & Bagby, G. J. (1992) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo.130.1.1727716 · Cited by 535 · see citing works
Immunoregulation mediated by the sympathetic nervous system
Besedovsky, H. O., del Rey, A., Sorkin, E., Prada, M. D., & Keller, H. H. (1979) · Cellular Immunology · doi:10.1016/0008-8749(79)90129-1 · Cited by 488 · see citing works
Self-citation
Corticotropin-Releasing Activity of Monokines
Woloski, B. M. R. N. J., Smith, E. M., Meyer, W. J., Fuller, G. M., & Blalock, J. E. (1985) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.2997929 · Cited by 486 · see citing works
Cloning and expression of murine IL-12
Schoenhaut, D. S., Chua, A. O., Wolitzky, A. G., Quinn, P. M., Dwyer, C. M., McComas, W. W., Familletti, P. C., Gately, M. K., & Gubler, U. (1992) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.148.11.3433 · Cited by 470 · see citing works
Visualization and characterization of interleukin 1 receptors in brain.
Farrar, W. L., Kilian, P. L., Ruff, M. R., Hill, J. M., & Pert, C. B. (1987) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.139.2.459 · Cited by 458 · see citing works
Stress-Induced Modulation of the Immune Response
Monjan, A. A., & Collector, M. I. (1977) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.557841 · Cited by 451 · see citing works
Combination IL-2 and IL-4 reduces glucocorticoid receptor-binding affinity and T cell response to glucocorticoids.
Kam, J. C., Szefler, S. J., Surs, W., Sher, E., & Leung, D. Y. M. (1993) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.151.7.3460 · Cited by 449 · see citing works
The Immune Response Evokes Changes in Brain Noradrenergic Neurons
Besedovsky, H. O., del Rey, A., Sorkin, E., Prada, M. D., Burri, R., & Honegger, C. G. (1983) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.6867729 · Cited by 445 · see citing works
Self-citation
Behaviorally Conditioned Immunosuppression and Murine Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Ader, R., & Cohen, N. (1982) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.7063864 · Cited by 443 · see citing works
Interleukin-6 stimulates the secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone in conscious, freely-moving rats
Naitoh, Y., Fukata, J., Tominaga, T., Nakai, Y., Tamai, S., Mori, K., & Imura, H. (1988) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/s0006-291x(88)81305-6 · Cited by 421 · see citing works
Network of immune-neuroendocrine interactions.
Besedovsky, H. O., & Sorkin, E. (1977) · PubMed · Cited by 410 · see citing works
Self-citation
Stimulation of alpha-adrenergic receptor augments the production of macrophage-derived tumor necrosis factor.
Spengler, R. N., Allen, R., Remick, D. G., Strieter, R. M., & Kunkel, S. L. (1990) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.145.5.1430 · Cited by 388 · see citing works
Infusion of tumor necrosis factor/cachectin promotes muscle catabolism in the rat. A synergistic effect with interleukin 1.
Flores, E. A., Bistrian, B. R., Pomposelli, J. J., Dinarello, C. A., Blackburn, G. L., & Istfan, N. W. (1989) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci114059 · Cited by 379 · see citing works
Contrasting effects of glucocorticoids on the capacity of T cells to produce the growth factors interleukin 2 and interleukin 4
Daynes, R. A., & Araneo, B. A. (1989) · European Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1002/eji.1830191221 · Cited by 369 · see citing works
Nervous tissue as an immune compartment: the dialect of the immune response in the CNS
Fábry, Z., Raine, C. S., & HART, M. N. (1994) · Immunology Today · doi:10.1016/0167-5699(94)90247-x · Cited by 358 · see citing works
Pattern of interleukin 6 gene expression in vivo suggests a role for this cytokine in angiogenesis.
Motro, B., Itin, A., Sachs, L., & Keshet, E. (1990) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.87.8.3092 · Cited by 346 · see citing works
The Role of Cyclic 3′,5′ Adenosine Monophosphate in the Specific Cytolytic Activity of Lymphocytes
Henney, C. S., Bourne, H. R., & Lichtenstein, L. M. (1972) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.108.6.1526 · Cited by 340 · see citing works
INTERLEUKIN-1 STIMULATES ACTH RELEASE BY AN INDIRECT ACTION WHICH REQUIRES ENDOGENOUS CORTICOTROPIN RELEASING FACTOR
Uehara, A., Gottschall, P. E., Dahl, R. R., & Arimura, A. (1987) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo-121-4-1580 · Cited by 337 · see citing works
In situ histochemical localization of type I interleukin-1 receptor messenger RNA in the central nervous system, pituitary, and adrenal gland of the mouse
Cunningham, E. T., Wada, E., Carter, D., Tracey, D. E., Battey, J., & Souza, E. B. D. (1992) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.12-03-01101.1992 · Cited by 334 · see citing works
Appearance of interleukin-1 in macrophages and in ramified microglia in the brain of endotoxin-treated rats: a pathway for the induction of non-specific symptoms of sickness?
van Dam, A.-M., Brouns, M., Louisse, S., & Berkenbosch, F. (1992) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(92)91588-6 · Cited by 333 · see citing works
Cellular Localization of Interleukin 6 mRNA and Interleukin 6 Receptor mRNA in Rat Brain
Schöbitz, B., de Kloet, E. R., Sutanto, W., & Holsboer, F. (1993) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.1993.tb00210.x · Cited by 329 · see citing works
Spontaneous recovery of rats from experimental allergic encephalomyelitis is dependent on regulation of the immune system by endogenous adrenal corticosteroids
MacPhee, I. A., Antoni, F. A., & Mason, D. W. (1989) · The Journal of experimental medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.169.2.431 · Cited by 328 · see citing works
Different receptor mechanisms mediate the pyrogenic and behavioral effects of interleukin 1.
Kent, S., Bluthé, R.-M., Dantzer, R., Hardwick, A. J., KELLEY, K. W., Rothwell, N. J., & Vannice, J. L. (1992) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.89.19.9117 · Cited by 322 · see citing works
Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha, Interleukin 1 and Related Cytokines in Brain Development: Normal and Pathological
Merrill, J. E. (1992) · Developmental Neuroscience · doi:10.1159/000111642 · Cited by 317 · see citing works
Cytokines as modulators of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis
Besedovsky, H. O., Del Rey, A., Klusman, I., Furukawa, H., Monge Arditi, G., & Kabiersch, A. (1991) · The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/0960-0760(91)90284-c · Cited by 314 · see citing works
Self-citation
Effect of Cortisone on Survival of Skin Homografts in Rabbits
Billingham, R. E., KROHN, P. L., & Medawar, P. B. (1951) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.1.4716.1157 · Cited by 308 · see citing works
Influence of Brain and Behavior on the Immune System
Stein, M., Schiavi, R. C., & Camerino, M. (1976) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1108202 · Cited by 296 · see citing works
Involvement of peripheral and central catecholamine systems in neural-immune interactions
Livnat, S., Felten, S. Y., Carlson, S. L., Bellinger, D. L., & Felten, D. L. (1985) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/0165-5728(85)90031-1 · Cited by 290 · see citing works
Neuronal differentiation factors/cytokines and synaptic plasticity
Patterson, P. H., & Nawa, H. (1993) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(05)80032-7 · Cited by 288 · see citing works
GH3 pituitary adenoma cells can reverse thymic aging in rats.
Kelley, K. W., Brief, S., Westly, H. J., NOVAKOFSKI, J. E., Bechtel, P. J., Simon, J. R., & Walker, E. (1986) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.83.15.5663 · Cited by 279 · see citing works
In the Mouse, the Activation of the Hypothalamic Pituitary-Adrenal Axis by a Lipopolysaccharide (Endotoxin) Is Mediated through Interleukin-1*
RIVIER, C. L., Chizzonite, R., & VALE, W. W. (1989) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo-125-6-2800 · Cited by 273 · see citing works
Inhibitory Effects of Interleukin 1 on Insulin Secretion, Insulin Biosynthesis, and Oxidative Metabolism of Isolated Rat Pancreatic Islets*
Sandler, S., Andersson, A., & Hellerström, C. (1987) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo-121-4-1424 · Cited by 273 · see citing works
Tumor Necrosis Factor: A Putative Mediator of the Sick Euthyroid Syndrome in Man*
POLL, T. V. D., ROMIJN, J. A., WIERSINGA, W. M., & SAUERWEIN, H. P. (1990) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-71-6-1567 · Cited by 270 · see citing works
Substance P recognition by a subset of human T lymphocytes.
Payan, D. G., Brewster, D., Missirian-Bastian, A., & Goetzl, E. J. (1984) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci111567 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
Glucocorticoids and Immune Function
Munck, A. U., & Guyre, P. M. (1991) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-043780-1.50020-8 · Cited by 250 · see citing works
Expression of high affinity receptors for murine interleukin 4 (BSF-1) on hemopoietic and nonhemopoietic cells.
Lowenthal, J. W., Castle, B. E., Christiansen, J., Schreurs, J., Rennick, D. M., Arai, N., Hoy, P., Takebe, Y., & Howard, M. (1988) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.140.2.456 · Cited by 242 · see citing works
Endotoxin induction of murine metallothionein gene expression.
De, S. K., McMaster, M., & Andrews, G. K. (1990) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)77251-7 · Cited by 240 · see citing works
Glucocorticoid-induced inhibition of T cell growth factor production. II. The effect on the in vitro generation of cytolytic T cells.
Gillis, S. A., Crabtree, G. R., & Smith, K. A. (1979) · PubMed · Cited by 240 · see citing works
Untitled work
(1990) · PubMed · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Embryology of the diffuse neuroendocrine system and its relationship to the common peptides.
Pearse, A. G. E., & Takor, T. T. (1979) · PubMed · Cited by 233 · see citing works
Immunomodulation by bromocriptine
Nagy, E., Berczi, I., Wren, G. E., Asa, S. L., & Kovács, K. (1983) · Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/0162-3109(83)90023-1 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
Stress and Antibody Response in Rats
Solomon, G. F. (2009) · International Archives of Allergy and Applied Immunology · doi:10.1159/000230163 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
Induction of interleukin-1 in various brain regions after peripheral and central injections of lipopolysaccharide
Quan, N., Sundar, S. K., & Weiss, J. M. (1994) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/0165-5728(94)90188-0 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Regional and cellular codistribution of interleukin 1 beta and nerve growth factor mRNA in the adult rat brain: possible relationship to the regulation of nerve growth factor synthesis.
Bandtlow, C. E., Meyer, M., Lindholm, D., Spranger, M., Heumann, R., & Thoenen, H. (1990) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.111.4.1701 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
Brain interleukin 1 gene expression induced by peripheral lipopolysaccharide administration
BAN, E. (1992) · Cytokine · doi:10.1016/1043-4666(92)90036-q · Cited by 220 · see citing works
In the rat, endogenous nitric oxide modulates the response of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis to interleukin-1 beta, vasopressin, and oxytocin
RIVIER, C. L., & Shen, G. (1994) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.14-04-01985.1994 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
Cytokines Act within the Brain to Inhibit Luteinizing Hormone Secretion and Ovulation in the Rat*
RIVIER, C. L., & Vale, W. (1990) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo-127-2-849 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Interaction of glucocorticoids with macrophages. Identification of glucocorticoid receptors in monocytes and macrophages.
Werb, Z., Foley, R., & Munck, A. U. (1978) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.147.6.1684 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Localization of interleukin 6 mRNA and interleukin 6 receptor mRNA in rat brain
Schöbitz, B., Voorhuis, D. A. M., & de Kloet, E. R. (1992) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/0304-3940(92)90046-a · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R) mRNAs in rat brain during postnatal development
Gadient, R. A., & Otten, U. (1994) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(94)91211-4 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Lymphokine-containing supernatants from con A-stimulated cells increase corticosterone blood levels.
Besedovsky, H. O., del Rey, A., & Sorkin, E. (1981) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.126.1.385 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Self-citation
Interleukin-1 Stimulates Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Gene Expression in Rat Hypothalamus*
Suda, T., TOZAWA, F., USHIYAMA, T., Sumitomo, T., YAMADA, M., & Demura, H. (1990) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo-126-2-1223 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
The Effect of Interleukin-6 on Pituitary Hormone Release in vivo and in vitro
Lyson, K., & McCann, S. M. (2008) · Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1159/000125884 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Prolactin Induction of Interleukin-2 Receptors on Rat Splenic Lymphocytes*
Mukherjee, P., Mastro, A. M., & Hymer, W. C. (1990) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo-126-1-88 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Occurrence of interleukin-1 in cerebrospinal fluid of the conscious cat
Coceani, F., Lees, J., & Dinarello, C. A. (1988) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(88)90883-9 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Localization of interleukin-2 immunoreactivity and interleukin-2 receptors in the rat brain: interaction with the cholinergic system
Araujo, D. M., Lapchak, P. A., Collier, B., & Quirion, R. (1989) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(89)91104-9 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Hypoglycemia as a manifestation of sepsis
Miller, S. I., Wallace, R. J., Musher, D. M., Septimus, E. J., Kohl, S., & BAUGHN, R. E. (1980) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/0002-9343(80)90250-8 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Interleukin-6 and ACTH act synergistically to stimulate the release of corticosterone from adrenal gland cells
SALAS, M. A., EVANS, S. W., LEVELL, M. J., & Whicher, J. T. (1990) · Clinical & Experimental Immunology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2249.1990.tb08114.x · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Inhibition by somatostatin of the proliferation of T-lymphocytes and Molt-4 lymphoblasts
Payan, D. G., Hess, C. A., & Goetzl, E. J. (1984) · Cellular Immunology · doi:10.1016/0008-8749(84)90117-5 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Specific insulin binding site on T and B lymphocytes as a marker of cell activation
Helderman, J. H., & Strom, T. B. (1978) · Nature · doi:10.1038/274062a0 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Cytotoxic Effects of Cytokines on Human Pancreatic Islet Cells in Monolayer Culture*
Rabinovitch, A., SUMOSKI, W., Rajotte, R. V., & Warnock, G. L. (1990) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-71-1-152 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Conditioned immune response associated with allogeneic skin grafts in mice.
Gorczynski, R. M., MacRae, S., & Kennedy, M. A. (1982) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.129.2.704 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
The role of IL-1 in the corticotropin-releasing factor and arginine- vasopressin-induced secretion of immunoreactive beta-endorphin by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
Kavelaars, A., BALLIEUX, R. E., & Heijnen, C. J. (1989) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.142.7.2338 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Glucocorticoid receptors and glucocorticoid sensitivity of mitogen stimulated and unstimulated human lymphocytes
Smith, K. A., Crabtree, G. R., KENNEDY, S. J., & Munck, A. U. (1977) · Nature · doi:10.1038/267523a0 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Stress‐and Endotoxin‐Induced Increases in Brain Tryptophan and Serotonin Metabolism Depend on Sympathetic Nervous System Activity
Dunn, A. J., & Welch, J. E. (1991) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1991.tb06359.x · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Neuroendocrine, Sympathetic and Metabolic Responses Induced by Interleukin-1
Berkenbosch, F., de Goeij, D. E. C., del Rey, A., & Besedovsky, H. O. (2008) · Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1159/000125283 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Self-citation
Identification of a high-affinity receptor for interleukin-1 beta in rat brain
Katsuura, G., Gottschall, P. E., & Arimura, A. (1988) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/s0006-291x(88)80805-2 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Human intraovarian interleukin-1 (IL-1) system: highly compartmentalized and hormonally dependent regulation of the genes encoding IL-1, its receptor, and its receptor antagonist.
Hurwitz, A., Loukides, J. A., Ricciarelli, E., Botero, L., Katz, E., McAllister, J. M., Garcia, J. E., Rohan, R. M., Adashi, E. Y., & Hernández, E. R. (1992) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci115777 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Newcastle disease virus-infected splenocytes express the proopiomelanocortin gene.
Westly, H. J., Kleiss, A. J., Kelley, K. W., Wong, P. K. Y., & Yuen, P. H. (1986) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.163.6.1589 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Neuropeptides are chemoattractants for human tumor cells and monocytes: A possible mechanism for metastasis
Ruff, M. R., Schiffmann, E., Terranova, V. P., et al. (1985) · Clinical Immunology and Immunopathology · doi:10.1016/0090-1229(85)90108-4 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Brain IL-1-induced immunosuppression occurs through activation of both pituitary-adrenal axis and sympathetic nervous system by corticotropin- releasing factor
Sundar, S. K., Cierpial, M. A., Kilts, C. D., Jc, R., & Weiss, J. (1990) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.10-11-03701.1990 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Interleukin-1 Inhibits the Ovarian Steroid-Induced Luteinizing Hormone Surge and Release of Hypothalamic Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone in Rats*
Kalra, P. S., Sahu, A., & Kalra, S. P. (1990) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo-126-4-2145 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Beta-adrenergic-receptor-mediated suppression of interleukin 2 receptors in human lymphocytes.
Feldman, R. D., Hunninghake, G. W., & McArdle, W. L. (1987) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.139.10.3355 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Glucocorticoid inhibition of lymphokine secretion by alloreactive T lymphocyte clones.
Kelso, A., & Munck, A. U. (1984) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.133.2.784 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Local administration of recombinant human interleukin-1 beta in the rat hippocampus increases serotonergic neurotransmission, hypothalamic- pituitary-adrenocortical axis activity, and body temperature
Linthorst, A. C. E., Flachskamm, C., Holsboer, F., & Reul, J. M. H. M. (1994) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo.135.2.7518383 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
The thymus in pregnancy: the interplay of neural, endocrine and immune influences
Clarke, A. G., & Kendall, M. D. (1994) · Immunology Today · doi:10.1016/0167-5699(94)90212-7 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Alteration of the Cytotoxic Action of Sensitized Lymphocytes by Cholinergic Agents and Activators of Adenylate Cyclase
Strom, T. B., Deisseroth, A., Morganroth, J., Carpenter, C. B., & Merrill, J. P. (1972) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.69.10.2995 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Prostaglandin-Dependent in Vitro Stimulation of Adrenocortical Steroidogenesis by Interleukins*
Tominaga, T., Fukata, J., NAITO, Y., Usui, T., Murakami, N., Fukushima, M., Nakai, Y., Hirai, Y., & Imura, H. (1991) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo-128-1-526 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide modulation of lymphocyte adenylate cyclase.
O'Dorisio, M. S., Hermina, N. S., O’Dorisio, T. M., et al. (1981) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.127.6.2551 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Specific binding of growth hormone to thymocytes
Arrenbrecht, S. (1974) · Nature · doi:10.1038/252255a0 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
In vivo immunomodulation by the neuropeptide substance P.
Scicchitano, R., Biennenstock, J., & STANISZ, A. M. (1988) · PubMed · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Modification of lymphocyte traffic by vasoactive neurotransmitter substances.
Moore, T. C. (1984) · PubMed · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Interleukin 1 affects glucose homeostasis
del Rey, A., & Besedovsky, H. O. (1987) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.1987.253.5.r794 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Self-citation
Gamma-interferon-like immunoreactivity in axotomized rat motor neurons
Olsson, T. P., Kristensson, K., Ljungdahl, Å., Mæhlen, J., Holmdahl, R., & Klareskog, L. (1989) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.09-11-03870.1989 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor: evidence for a functionally distinct receptor on human lymphocytes.
Richman, D. P., & Arnason, B. G. W. (1979) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.76.9.4632 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Interaction of Neuropeptides with Human Mast Cells
Church, M. K., Lowman, M. A., Robinson, C., Holgate, S. T., & Benyon, C. R. (2009) · International Archives of Allergy and Applied Immunology · doi:10.1159/000234752 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Opiate receptor-mediated chemotaxis of human monocytes
Ruff, M. R., Wahl, S. M., Mergenhagen, S. E., et al. (1985) · Neuropeptides · doi:10.1016/0143-4179(85)90029-0 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Immunohistochemical Localization of the Interleukin-1 System in the Mouse Ovary during Follicular Growth, Ovulation, and Luteinization1
Simón, C., Francés, A., Piquette, G. N., et al. (1994) · Biology of Reproduction · doi:10.1095/biolreprod50.2.449 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Rat Ovary Produces Cytokines during Ovulation1
Brännström, M., Norman, R. J., Seamark, R. F., & Robertson, S. A. (1994) · Biology of Reproduction · doi:10.1095/biolreprod50.1.88 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Pavlovian conditioning of immunosuppression modifies adjuvant arthritis in rats.
Klosterhalfen, W., & Klosterhalfen, S. (1983) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/0735-7044.97.4.663 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Cholinergic Augmentation of Lymphocyte-Mediated Cytotoxicity. A Study of the Cholinergic Receptor of Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes
Strom, T. B., Sytkowski, A. J., Carpenter, C. B., et al. (1974) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.71.4.1330 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Central action of interleukin‐1 in altering the release of tsh, growth hormone, and prolactin in the male rat
Rettori, V., Jurčovičová, J., & McCann, S. M. (1987) · Journal of Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1002/jnr.490180125 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Control of thymus physiology by peptidic hormones and neuropeptides
Dardenne, M., & Savino, W. (1994) · Immunology Today · doi:10.1016/0167-5699(94)90207-0 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Effects of Interleukin-1 on Hormone Release from Normal Rat Pituitary Cells in Primary Culture
Uehara, A., Gillis, S. A., & Arimura, A. (2008) · Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1159/000124757 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Activation of human B lymphocytes. IV. Regulatory effects of corticosteroids on the triggering signal in the plaque-forming cell response of human peripheral blood B lymphocytes to polyclonal activation.
Fauci, A. S., Pratt, K. R., & Whalen, G. (1977) · PubMed · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Direct stimulation of the adrenal cortex by interleukin-1.
Roh, M. S., Drazenovich, K. A., Barbose, J. J., Dinarello, C. A., & Cobb, C. F. (1987) · PubMed · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Analysis of cytokine receptor messenger RNA expression in human glioblastoma cells and normal astrocytes by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction
Tada, M., Diserens, A., Desbaillets, I., & de Tribolet, N. (1994) · Journal of neurosurgery · doi:10.3171/jns.1994.80.6.1063 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
The sympathetic nervous system modulates antibody response to thymus-independent antigens
Miles, K., Quintáns, J., Chelmicka‐Schorr, E., et al. (1981) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/0165-5728(81)90012-6 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Immunoautoradiographic localization of interleukin 2-like immunoreactivity and interleukin 2 receptors (Tac antigen-like immunoreactivity) in the rat brain
Lapchak, P. A., Araujo, D. M., Quirion, R., & Beaudet, A. (1991) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(91)90259-q · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Monoclonal antibody to tumor necrosis factor--alpha prevents lethal endotoxin sepsis in adult rhesus monkeys.
Fiedler, V. B., Loof, I., Sander, E., et al. (1992) · PubMed · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Selective Depletion of Macrophages Prevents Pituitary-Adrenal Activation in Response to Subpyrogenic, but not to Pyrogenic, Doses of Bacterial Endotoxin in Rats*
DeRijk, R. H., van Rooijen, N., Tilders, F. J. H., Besedovsky, H. O., del Rey, A., & BERKENBOSCH, F. (1991) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo-129-1-330 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Self-citation
Interleukin-2 and interleukin-2 receptor expression in human corticotrophic adenoma and murine pituitary cell cultures.
ARZT, E. S., Stelzer, G., Renner, U., Lange, M., Müller, O. A., & Stalla, G. K. (1992) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci116072 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Low concentrations of interleukin-1 stimulate and high concentrations inhibit insulin release from isolated rat islets of Langerhans
Spinas, G. A., Mandrup-Poulsen, T. R., Mølvig, J., Bæk, L., Bendtzen, K., Dinarello, C. A., & Nerup, J. (1986) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/acta.0.1130551 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
High affinity beta-2-adrenergic receptors in mononuclear leucocytes: Similar density in young and old normal subjects
Landmann, R. M., Bittiger, H., & Bühler, F. R. (1981) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/0024-3205(81)90186-7 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Localization of Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist mRNA in Rat Brain
Licinio, J., Wong, M., & Gold, P. W. (1991) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo-129-1-562 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Immunoregulation mediated by the sympathetic nervous system, II
del Rey, A., Besedovsky, H. O., Sorkin, E., et al. (1981) · Cellular Immunology · doi:10.1016/0008-8749(81)90012-5 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Self-citation
Disturbed immune-endocrine communication in autoimmune disease. Lack of corticosterone response to immune signals in obese strain chickens with spontaneous autoimmune thyroiditis.
Schauenstein, K., Fässler, R., Dietrich, H., Schwarz, S., Kroemer, G., & Wick, G. (1987) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.139.6.1830 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Interleukin-1 beta causes the increase in anterior hypothalamic interleukin-6 during LPS-induced fever in rats
Klir, J. J., McClellan, J. L., & Kluger, M. J. (1994) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.1994.266.6.r1845 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Selective effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo- p -dioxin and corticosteroid on in vitro lymphocyte maturation.
Luster, M. I., Germolec, D. R., Clark, G., Wiegand, G., & Rosenthal, G. J. (1988) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.140.3.928 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Reciprocal modulation of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) and IL-1 receptors by lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin) treatment in the mouse brain-endocrine-immune axis
Takao, T., Culp, S. G., & Souza, E. B. D. (1993) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo.132.4.8462448 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
The Testicular Effects of Tumor Necrosis Factor
Mealy, K., Robinson, B. G., Millette, C. F., Majzoub, J. A., & Wilmore, D. W. (1990) · Annals of Surgery · doi:10.1097/00000658-199004000-00014 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Inflammation and hyperalgesia: highlighting the team effort
Dray, A., & Bevan, S. (1993) · Trends in Pharmacological Sciences · doi:10.1016/0165-6147(93)90041-h · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Viral neuroinvasion and encephalitis induced by lipopolysaccharide and its mediators.
Lustig, S., Danenberg, H. D., Kafri, Y., Kobiler, D., & Ben‐Nathan, D. (1992) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.176.3.707 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
The parallel, time-dependent, bimodal change in lymphocyte cholinergic binding activity and cholinergic influence upon lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity after lymphocyte activation.
Strom, T. B., Lane, M. A., & George, K. (1981) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.127.2.705 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
The Neurohormonal Thymic Microenvironment: Immunocytochemical Evidence that Thymic Nurse Cells Are Neuroendocrine Cells
Geenen, V. G., Defresne, M.-P., Robert, F., et al. (2008) · Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1159/000124938 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Continuous infusion of interleukin-1 beta induces a nonthyroidal illness syndrome in the rat
Hermus, R. M., Sweep, F. C. G. J., van der Meer, M. J., Ross, H. A., SMALS, A. G. H., Benraad, T. J., & KLOPPENBORG, P. W. C. (1992) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo.131.5.1425414 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1 stimulate testosterone secretion in adult male rat Leydig cells in vitro.
Warren, D. W., Pasupuleti, V., Lu, Y., et al. (1990) · PubMed · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Tumor Necrosis Factor and Interleukin-1 Are Potent Inhibitors of Angiotensin-II-Induced Aldosterone Synthesis*
Natarajan, R. D., Ploszaj, S., Horton, R., & Nadler, J. L. (1989) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo-125-6-3084 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Alterations of monoamines in specific central autonomic nuclei following immunization in mice
Carlson, S. L., Felten, D. L., Livnat, S., & Felten, S. Y. (1987) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/0889-1591(87)90006-7 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Rapid release of multiple hormones from rat pituitaries perifused with recombinant interleukin-1
Beach, J. E., Smallridge, R. C., Kinzer, C. A., Bernton, E. W., Holaday, J. W., & Fein, H. G. (1989) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/0024-3205(89)90211-7 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
The chronic intracerebroventricular infusion of interleukin-1 beta alters the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis of cycling rats. I. Effect on LHRH and gonadotropin biosynthesis and secretion
Rivest, S., Lee, S., Attardi, B., & RIVIER, C. L. (1993) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo.133.6.8243260 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Effects of Protein Kinase-C-Related Adrenocorticotropin Secretagogues and Interleukin-1 on Proopiomelanocortin Gene Expression in Rat Anterior Pituitary Cells*
Suda, T., TOZAWA, F., USHIYAMA, T., Tomori, N., Sumitomo, T., NAKAGAMI, Y., YAMADA, M., Demura, H., & SHIZUME, K. (1989) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo-124-3-1444 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Effects of tumor necrosis factor on the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis in healthy men
van der Poll, T., Romijn, J. A., Endert, E., & Sauerwein, H. P. (1993) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/0026-0495(93)90078-3 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Secretion of Bioactive Interleukin-1, Interleukin-6, and Colony-Stimulating Factors by Human Ovarian Surface Epithelium1
Ziltener, H. J., Maines‐Bandiera, S., Schrader, J. W., et al. (1993) · Biology of Reproduction · doi:10.1095/biolreprod49.3.635 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Pattern of IL-1 receptor gene expression suggests role in noninflammatory processes
Deyerle, K. L., Sims, J. E., Dower, S., & Bothwell, M. A. (1992) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.149.5.1657 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Differential expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R) mRNAs in rat hypothalamus
Gadient, R. A., & Otten, U. (1993) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/0304-3940(93)90065-s · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Interleukin-2 Is a Potent Inhibitor of Ley dig Cell Steroidogenesis*
GUO, H., CALKINS, J. H., Sigel, M. M., & Lin, T. (1990) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo-127-3-1234 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Somatostatin and Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide Reduce Interferon Gamma Production by Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells
Muscettola, M., & Grasso, G. (1990) · Immunobiology · doi:10.1016/s0171-2985(11)80303-7 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Monocytes Stimulate Cortisol Production by Cultured Human Adrenocortical Cells
Whitcomb, R. W., Linehan, W. M., Wahl, L. M., & Knazek, R. A. (1988) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-66-1-33 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Regulation of interleukin‐6 receptor expression in human monocytes and hepatocytes
Bauer, J., Lengyel, G., Bauer, T., Acs, G., & Gerok, W. (1989) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/0014-5793(89)80008-0 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Cimetidine reverses tumor growth enhancement of plasmacytoma tumors in mice demonstrating conditioned immunosuppression.
Gorczynski, R. M., Kennedy, M. A., & Ciampi, A. (1985) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.134.6.4261 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Interferon‐gamma‐like immunoreactivity in certain neurons of the central and peripheral nervous system
Ljungdahl, Å., Olsson, T. P., van der Meide, P. H., Holmdahl, R., Klareskog, L., & Höjeberg, B. (1989) · Journal of Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1002/jnr.490240316 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Neuroendocrine and metabolic responses induced by Interleukin‐1
Besedovsky, H. O., & del Rey, A. (1987) · Journal of Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1002/jnr.490180124 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Self-citation
Antigen presentation by human monocytes: Effects of modifying major histocompatibility complex class II antigen expression and interleukin 1 production by using recombinant interferons and corticosteroids
Rhodes, J., Iványi, J., & Cozens, P. (1986) · European Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1002/eji.1830160410 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
In situ hybridization histochemistry localization of interleukin-3 mRNA in mouse brain
Farrar, W., Vinocour, M., & Hill, J. (1989) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.v73.1.137.137 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
The role of corticotropin-releasing factor and interleukin-1 in the regulation of neurons controlling reproductive functions
Rivest, S. (1995) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.16.2.177 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Gram-Negative Infection Increases Noninsulin-Mediated Glucose Disposal*
Lang, C. H., & Dobrescu, C. (1991) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo-128-2-645 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Antidiabetic effects of interleukin 1.
del Rey, A., & Besedovsky, H. O. (1989) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.86.15.5943 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Self-citation
Detection of interleukin 1 alpha and 1 beta in rabbit tissues during endotoxemia using sensitive radioimmunoassays
Clark, B. D., Bedrosian, I., Schindler, R., et al. (1991) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1991.71.6.2412 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Interleukin-1 and interleukin-6 act synergistically to stimulate the release of adrenocorticotropic hormone in vivo.
Perlstein, R. S., Mougey, E. H., Jackson, W. E., & Neta, R. (1991) · PubMed · Cited by 75 · see citing works
A Stimulatory Effect of Interleukin-1 on Adrenocortical Cortisol Secretion Mediated by Prostaglandins*
Winter, J. S. D., Gow, K. W., PERRY, Y. S., & GREENBERG, A. H. (1990) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo-127-4-1904 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Binding Sites for Interleukin-6 in the Anterior Pituitary Gland
Ohmichi, M., Hirota, K., Koike, K., Kurachi, H., Ohtsuka, S., Matsuzaki, N., Yamaguchi, M., Miyake, A., & Tanizawa, O. (2008) · Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1159/000126115 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Type I interleukin-1 receptors in the mouse brain-endocrine-immune axis labelled with [125I]recombinant human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist
Takao, T., Culp, S. G., Newton, R. C., & Souza, E. B. D. (1992) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/0165-5728(92)90195-q · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Cytokines in the central nervous system: Expression of macrophage colony stimulating factor and its receptor during development
Chang, Y., Albright, S. R., & Lee, F. (1994) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/0165-5728(94)90156-2 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Sex Hormones and Immune Function
McCruden, A. B., & STIMSON, W. H. (1991) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-043780-1.50021-x · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Relationship between antigen-induced immune stimulation and activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in the rat
Stenzel‐Poore, M. P., Vale, W., & RIVIER, C. L. (1993) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo.132.3.8382598 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Interleukin 1 stimulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis
Gwosdow, A. R., Kumar, M., & Bode, H. (1990) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.1990.258.1.e65 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Changes in lymphocyte β-adrenergic receptor density and noradrenaline content of the spleen are early indicators of immune reactivity in acute experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in the Lewis rat
MacKenzie, F. J., Leonard, J. P., & Cuzner, M. L. (1989) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/0165-5728(89)90027-1 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Effects of 6-hydroxydopamine upon primary and secondary thymus dependent immune responses
HALL, N. R. S., McClure, J. E., Hu, S.-K., et al. (1982) · Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/0162-3109(82)90035-2 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Vasoactive intestinal peptide-containing nerves in Peyer's patches
Ottaway, C. A., Lewis, D. L., & Asa, S. L. (1987) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/0889-1591(87)90017-1 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Regulatory peptides of the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts.
Jm, P., & Bloom, S. R. (1986) · PubMed · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Acute adrenocortical stimulation by recombinant gamma interferon in human controls
Holsboer, F., Stalla, G. K., von Bardeleben, U., Hammann, K. P., Müller, H., & Müller, O. A. (1988) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/0024-3205(88)90617-0 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Antigenic competition between horse and sheep red blood cells as a hormone-dependent phenomenon.
Besedovsky, H. O., del Rey, A., & Sorkin, E. (1979) · PubMed · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Self-citation
Changes in thymic estrogen receptor expression following orchidectomy
Gillette, S., & Gillette, R. W. (1979) · Cellular Immunology · doi:10.1016/0008-8749(79)90234-x · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Significance of increased secretion of glucocorticoids in mice and rats injected with bacterial endotoxin
Nakano, K., Suzuki, S., & Oh, C. (1987) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/0889-1591(87)90018-3 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Expression of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha in the Developing Nervous System
Gendron, R., Nestel, F. P., Lapp, W. S., et al. (1991) · International Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.3109/00207459109082043 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Suppression of the primary immune response by chemical sympathectomy.
Kasahara, K., Tanaka, S., Ito, T., et al. (1977) · PubMed · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Hypothalamic noradrenergic pathways exert an influence on neuroendocrine and clinical status in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Leonard, J. P., MacKenzie, F. J., Patel, H. A., et al. (1991) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/0889-1591(91)90028-9 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Human recombinant IL-1 alters glucocorticoid receptor function in Reuber hepatoma cells.
Hill, M., Stith, R. D., & McCallum, R. E. (1988) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.141.5.1522 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Binding of human immunoglobulins to pituitary ACTH cells
POUPLARD, A., Bottazzo, G., Doniach, D., et al. (1976) · Nature · doi:10.1038/261142a0 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Expression, regulation, and production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in mouse testicular interstitial macrophages in vitro.
Xiong, Y., & Hales, D. B. (1993) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo.133.6.8243279 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Metabolic and neuroendocrine effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
del Rey, A., & Besedovsky, H. O. (1992) · PubMed · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Self-citation
Psychoimmunology of Social Factors in Rodents and Other Subprimate Vertebrates
Bohus, B., & Koolhaas, J. M. (1991) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-043780-1.50036-1 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Chronic stimulation of the pituitary-adrenal axis in rats by interleukin-1 beta infusion: in vivo and in vitro studies
Sweep, F. C. G. J., van der Meer, M. J., Hermus, A. R. M. M., SMALS, A. G. H., van der Meer, J. W., Pesman, G. J., Willemsen, S., Benraad, T. J., & KLOPPENBORG, P. W. C. (1992) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo.130.3.1311230 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Mode of action of interleukin-1 in suppression of pituitary LH release in castrated male rats
Bonavera, J. J., Kalra, S. P., & Kalra, P. S. (1993) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(93)91637-8 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Effects of Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis on Thymus and Adrenal: Relation to Remission and Relapse
Levine, S. Z., Sowinski, R., & Steinetz, B. G. (1980) · Experimental Biology and Medicine · doi:10.3181/00379727-165-40961 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Beta-adrenergic inhibition of human T lymphocyte rosettes.
Galant, S. P., & Remo, R. A. (1975) · PubMed · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Pregnancy: a clue to normal regulation of B lymphopoiesis.
Kincade, P., Medina, K., Smithson, G., & Scott, D. C. (1994) · Immunology today (Amsterdam. Regular ed.) · doi:10.1016/0167-5699(94)90211-9 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Interleukin 6 inhibits human thyroid peroxidase gene expression
Tominaga, T., Yamashita, S., Nagayama, Y., et al. (1991) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/acta.0.1240290 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist blocks somnogenic and pyrogenic responses to an interleukin 1 fragment.
Opp, M. R., Postlethwaite, A. E., Seyer, J. M., & Krueger, J. M. (1992) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.89.9.3726 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Developmental Regulation of Cytokine Expression in the Mouse Brain
Burns, T. M., Clough, J. A., Klein, R. M., Wood, G. W., & Berman, N. E. J. (1993) · Growth Factors · doi:10.3109/08977199308991585 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Effect of Interleukin-1 (IL-1) on Thyroid Hormone Metabolism in Mice: Stimulation by IL-1 of Iodothyronine 5′-Deiodinating Activity (Type I) in the Liver*
FUJII, T., Sato, K., Ozawa, M., Kasono, K., IMAMURA, H., KANAJI, Y., Tsushima, T., & SHIZUME, K. (1989) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo-124-1-167 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Interleukin-1: local production and modulation of human granulosa luteal cells steroidogenesis
Barak, V., Yanai, P., Treves, A. J., Roisman, I., Simon, A., & Laufer, N. (1992) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(16)55318-7 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Modulation of human granulosa cell steroid production in vitro by tumor necrosis factor alpha: implications of white blood cells in culture.
Best, C. L., Pudney, J. A., Anderson, D. J., et al. (1994) · PubMed · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Anti-inflammatory action of interleukin 1 through the pituitary-adrenal axis in rats
Nakamura, H., Motoyoshi, S., & Kadokawa, T. (1988) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/0014-2999(88)90693-0 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Multiunit electrical activity in conscious rats during an immune response.
Saphier, D., Abramsky, O., Mor, G., & Ovadia, H. (1987) · Brain, behavior, and immunity · doi:10.1016/0889-1591(87)90005-5 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Changes in glycolytic enzyme levels and isozyme expression in human lymphocytes during blast transformation
Kester, M. V., Phillips, T. L., & Gracy, R. W. (1977) · Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics · doi:10.1016/0003-9861(77)90403-9 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Glucocorticoid enhances gamma interferon effects on human monocyte antigen expression and ADCC.
Shen, L., Guyre, P. M., Ball, E., et al. (1986) · PubMed · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Interleukin-1 in human ovarian cells and in peripheral blood monocytes increases during the luteal phase: Evidence for a midcycle surge in the human
Polan, M. L., Loukides, J. A., & Honig, J. (1994) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9378(94)70093-1 · Cited by 50 · see citing works

Flagged first, then by citations

Sorted by citations

How do glucocorticoids influence stress responses? Integrating permissive, suppressive, stimulatory, and preparative actions
Sapolsky, R. M., Romero, L. M., & Munck, A. U. (2000) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/edrv.21.1.0389 · Cited by 7,541 · see citing works
Inflammation and Its Discontents: The Role of Cytokines in the Pathophysiology of Major Depression
Miller, A. H., Maletic, V., & Raison, C. L. (2009) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.11.029 · Cited by 3,848 · see citing works
Cytokines sing the blues: inflammation and the pathogenesis of depression
Raison, C. L., Capuron, L., & Miller, A. H. (2006) · Trends in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.it.2005.11.006 · Cited by 3,009 · see citing works
The complex role of estrogens in inflammation
Straub, R. H. (2007) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2007-0001 · Cited by 1,950 · see citing works
The anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects of glucocorticoids, recent developments and mechanistic insights
Coutinho, A. E., & Chapman, K. E. (2011) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2010.04.005 · Cited by 1,815 · see citing works
The Sleep-Immune Crosstalk in Health and Disease
Besedovsky, L., Lange, T., & Haack, M. (2019) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00010.2018 · Cited by 1,479 · see citing works
Regulation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis by Cytokines: Actions and Mechanisms of Action
TURNBULL, A. V., & RIVIER, C. L. (1999) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.1999.79.1.1 · Cited by 1,297 · see citing works
Immune system to brain signaling: Neuropsychopharmacological implications
Capuron, L., & Miller, A. H. (2011) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2011.01.014 · Cited by 1,195 · see citing works
Inflammatory cytokines in depression: neurobiological mechanisms and therapeutic implications
Felger, J. C., & Lotrich, F. E. (2013) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.04.060 · Cited by 1,180 · see citing works
Sleep and immune function
Besedovsky, L., Lange, T., & Born, J. (2012) · Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00424-011-1044-0 · Cited by 1,153 · see citing works
Psychoneuroimmunology Meets Neuropsychopharmacology: Translational Implications of the Impact of Inflammation on Behavior
Haroon, E., Raison, C. L., & Miller, A. H. (2012) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2011.205 · Cited by 1,000 · see citing works
Insulin Resistance and Chronic Cardiovascular Inflammatory Syndrome
Fernández-Real, J. M., & Ricart, W. (2003) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2002-0010 · Cited by 886 · see citing works
The role of adrenocorticoids as modulators of immune function in health and disease: neural, endocrine and immune interactions
McEwen, B. S., Biron, C. A., Brunson, K. W., Bulloch, K., Chambers, W. H., Dhabhar, F. S., Goldfarb, R. H., Kitson, R. P., Miller, A. H., Spencer, R. L., et al. (1997) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0165-0173(96)00012-4 · Cited by 837 · see citing works
Corticotropin releasing hormone and proopiomelanocortin involvement in the cutaneous response to stress
Slominski, A., Wortsman, J., Luger, T., Paus, R., & Solomon, S. (2000) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.2000.80.3.979 · Cited by 776 · see citing works
Brain interleukin-1 mediates chronic stress-induced depression in mice via adrenocortical activation and hippocampal neurogenesis suppression
Goshen, I., Kreisel, T., Ben-Menachem-Zidon, O., Licht, T., Weidenfeld, J., Ben-Hur, T., & Yirmiya, R. (2008) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4002055 · Cited by 762 · see citing works
Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gut Axis Dysregulation in Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Plasma Cytokines as a Potential Biomarker?
Dinan, T. G., Quigley, E. M. M., Ahmed, S. M. M., Scully, P., O’Brien, S., O’Mahony, L., O’Mahony, S., Shanahan, F., & Keeling, P. W. N. (2006) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2005.11.033 · Cited by 636 · see citing works
Intraadrenal interactions in the regulation of adrenocortical steroidogenesis.
Ehrhart-Bornstein, M., Hinson, J. P., Bornstein, S. R., Scherbaum, W. A., & Vinson, G. P. (1998) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/edrv.19.2.0326 · Cited by 600 · see citing works
Effects of sleep and circadian rhythm on the human immune system
Lange, T., Dimitrov, S., & Born, J. (2010) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05300.x · Cited by 591 · see citing works
Circulating interleukin 6 levels, blood pressure, and insulin sensitivity in apparently healthy men and women
Fernandez-Real, J.-M., Vayreda, M., Richart, C., Gutierrez, C., Broch, M., Vendrell, J., & Ricart, W. (2001) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.86.3.7305 · Cited by 567 · see citing works
Cytokines and psychopathology: Lessons from interferon-α
Capuron, L., & Miller, A. H. (2004) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.02.009 · Cited by 562 · see citing works
Immune modulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis during viral infection
Silverman, M. N., Pearce, B. D., Biron, C. A., & Miller, A. H. (2005) · Viral Immunology · doi:10.1089/vim.2005.18.41 · Cited by 506 · see citing works
A neuromodulatory role of interleukin-1β in the hippocampus
Schneider, H., Pitossi, F., Balschun, D., Wagner, A., del Rey, A., & Besedovsky, H. O. (1998) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.95.13.7778 · Cited by 498 · see citing works
Self-citation
Cortisol and epinephrine control opposing circadian rhythms in T cell subsets
Dimitrov, S., Benedict, C., Heutling, D., Westermann, J., Born, J., & Lange, T. (2009) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2008-11-190769 · Cited by 368 · see citing works
Cytokines and the central nervous system
Szelényi, J. (2001) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/s0361-9230(01)00428-2 · Cited by 358 · see citing works
Sleep Enhances the Human Antibody Response to Hepatitis A Vaccination
Lange, T., Perras, B., Fehm, H. L., & Born, J. (2003) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.psy.0000091382.61178.f1 · Cited by 351 · see citing works
Adrenocorticotropin (ACTH)- and Non-ACTH-Mediated Regulation of the Adrenal Cortex: Neural and Immune Inputs
Bornstein, S. R., & Chrousos, G. P. (1999) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.84.5.5631 · Cited by 354 · see citing works
Thyroid Hormones as Modulators of Immune Activities at the Cellular Level
De Vito, P., Incerpi, S., Pedersen, J. Z., Luly, P., Davis, F. B., & Davis, P. J. (2011) · Thyroid · doi:10.1089/thy.2010.0429 · Cited by 347 · see citing works
Central and systemic IL-1 exacerbates neurodegeneration and motor symptoms in a model of Parkinson’s disease
Pott Godoy, M. C., Tarelli, R., Ferrari, C. C., Sarchi, M. I., & Pitossi, F. J. (2008) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awn101 · Cited by 335 · see citing works
Cytokines and Glucocorticoid Receptor Signaling
Pace, T. W. W., & Miller, A. H. (2009) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04984.x · Cited by 339 · see citing works
Dose-Dependent Effects of Recombinant Human Interleukin-6 on Glucose Regulation
Tsigos, C., Papanicolaou, D. A., Kyrou, I., Defensor, R., Mitsiadis, C. S., & Chrousos, G. P. (1997) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.82.12.4422 · Cited by 324 · see citing works
The psychoneuroimmunological effects of music: A systematic review and a new model
Fancourt, D., Ockelford, A., & Belai, A. (2014) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2013.10.014 · Cited by 316 · see citing works
Cytokine Research in Depression: Principles, Challenges, and Open Questions
Himmerich, H., Patsalos, O., Lichtblau, N., Ibrahim, M. A. A., & Dalton, B. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00030 · Cited by 313 · see citing works
Neurogenic niche modulation by activated microglia: transforming growth factor β increases neurogenesis in the adult dentate gyrus
Battista, D., Ferrari, C. C., Gage, F. H., & Pitossi, F. J. (2006) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2005.04539.x · Cited by 306 · see citing works
The Somatogenic Hormones and Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1: Stimulators of Lymphopoiesis and Immune Function
Clark, R. (1997) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/edrv.18.2.0296 · Cited by 314 · see citing works
Role of interleukin-6 in stress, sleep, and fatigue
Rohleder, N., Aringer, M., & Boentert, M. (2012) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2012.06634.x · Cited by 289 · see citing works
Crosstalk between the circadian clock circuitry and the immune system
Cermakian, N., Lange, T., Golombek, D., Sarkar, D., Nakao, A., Shibata, S., & Mazzoccoli, G. (2013) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.3109/07420528.2013.782315 · Cited by 279 · see citing works
Dose-dependent effects of endotoxin on neurobehavioral functions in humans
Grigoleit, J.-S., Kullmann, J. S., Wolf, O. T., Hammes, F., Wegner, A., Jablonowski, S., Engler, H., Gizewski, E., Oberbeck, R., & Schedlowski, M. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0028330 · Cited by 241 · see citing works
The role of the sympathetic nervous system in intestinal inflammation
Straub, R. H., Wiest, R., Strauch, U. G., Härle, P., & Schölmerich, J. (2006) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gut.2006.091322 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Plasma and Cerebrospinal Fluid Interleukin-6 Concentrations in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Baker, D. G., Ekhator, N. N., Kasckow, J. W., Hill, K. K., Zoumakis, E., Dashevsky, B. A., Chrousos, G. P., & Geracioti Jr., T. D. (2001) · Neuroimmunomodulation · doi:10.1159/000049028 · Cited by 238 · see citing works
The Proinflammatory Cytokine, Interleukin-1α, Reduces Glucocorticoid Receptor Translocation and Function<sup>1</sup>
Pariante, C. M., Pearce, B. D., Pisell, T. L., Sanchez, C. I., Po, C., Su, C., & Miller, A. H. (1999) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.140.9.4359 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
The Metabolic Syndrome and Inflammation
Sutherland, J. P., McKinley, B., & Eckel, R. H. (2004) · Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders · doi:10.1089/met.2004.2.82 · Cited by 243 · see citing works
The Bacterial Endotoxin Lipopolysaccharide has the Ability to Target the Brain in Upregulating Its Membrane CD14 Receptor Within Specific Cellular Populations
Lacroix, S., Feinstein, D., & Rivest, S. (1998) · Brain Pathology · doi:10.1111/j.1750-3639.1998.tb00189.x · Cited by 223 · see citing works
Cytokines, “depression due to a general medical condition”, and antidepressant drugs
Yirmiya, R., Weidenfeld, J., Pollak, Y., Morag, M., Morag, A., Avitsur, R., Barak, O., Reichenberg, A., Cohen, E., Shavit, Y., et al. (1999) · Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology · doi:10.1007/978-0-585-37970-8_16 · Cited by 208 · see citing works
Effects of Cytokines on Glucocorticoid Receptor Expression And Function: Glucocorticoid Resistance and Relevance to Depression
Miller, A. H., Pariante, C. M., & Pearce, B. D. (1999) · Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology · doi:10.1007/978-0-585-37970-8_7 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Physiology of psychoneuroimmunology: A personal view
Besedovsky, H. O., & Rey, A. D. (2007) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2006.09.008 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Self-citation
The brain and immune system prompt energy shortage in chronic inflammation and ageing
Straub, R. H. (2017) · Nature Reviews Rheumatology · doi:10.1038/nrrheum.2017.172 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Endotoxin-induced experimental systemic inflammation in humans: A model to disentangle immune-to-brain communication
Schedlowski, M., Engler, H., & Grigoleit, J.-S. (2014) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2013.09.015 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Th2 Cytokine Response in Major Depressive Disorder Patients before Treatment
Pavón, L., Sandoval-López, G., Eugenia Hernández, M., Loría, F., Estrada, I., Pérez, M., Moreno, J., Ávila, U., Leff, P., Antón, B., et al. (2006) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2005.08.014 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α production after acute psychological stress, exercise, and infused isoproterenol: differential effects and pathways.
Goebel, M. U., Mills, P. J., Irwin, M. R., & Ziegler, M. G. (2000) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-200007000-00019 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Interferon-α effects on diurnal hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis activity: relationship with proinflammatory cytokines and behavior
Raison, C. L., Borisov, A. S., Woolwine, B. J., Massung, B., Vogt, G., & Miller, A. H. (2010) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2008.58 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
DIFFERENT ROLES FOR ANDROGENS AND ESTROGENS IN THE SUSCEPTIBILITY TO AUTOIMMUNE RHEUMATIC DISEASES
Cutolo, M., & Wilder, R. L. (2000) · Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0889-857x(05)70171-x · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Interleukin-6 Is a Needed Proinflammatory Cytokine in the Prolonged Neural Activity and Transcriptional Activation of Corticotropin-Releasing Factor during Endotoxemia1
Vallières, L., & Rivest, S. (1999) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo.140.9.6983 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
On the immunological theory of aging
Fulop, T., Witkowski, J. M., Pawelec, G., Alan, C., & Larbi, A. (2014) · Interdisciplinary topics in gerontology and geriatrics · doi:10.1159/000358904 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Endogenous glucocorticoids protect against cytokine-mediated lethality during viral infection
Ruzek, M. C., Pearce, B. D., Miller, A. H., & Biron, C. A. (1999) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.162.6.3527 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Inflammation and neuronal plasticity: a link between childhood trauma and depression pathogenesis
Cattaneo, A., Macchi, F., Plazzotta, G., Veronica, B., Bocchio-Chiavetto, L., Riva, M. A., & Pariante, C. M. (2015) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2015.00040 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Therapeutic Implications of Brain–Immune Interactions: Treatment in Translation
Miller, A. H., Haroon, E., & Felger, J. C. (2017) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2016.167 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Role of peripheral nerve fibres in acute and chronic inflammation in arthritis
Pongratz, G., & Straub, R. H. (2013) · Nature Reviews Rheumatology · doi:10.1038/nrrheum.2012.181 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
The Impact of Neuroimmune Alterations in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Gottfried, C., Bambini-Junior, V., Francis, F., Riesgo, R., & Savino, W. (2015) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2015.00121 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Biomarkers of depression in cancer patients
Jehn, C. F., Kuehnhardt, D., Bartholomae, A., Pfeiffer, S., Krebs, M., Regierer, A. C., Schmid, P., Possinger, K., & Flath, B. C. (2006) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/cncr.22294 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Acute and chronic stress induced changes in sensitivity of peripheral inflammatory pathways to the signals of multiple stress systems – 2011 Curt Richter Award Winner
Rohleder, N. (2012) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2011.12.015 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Evolutionary medicine and bone loss in chronic inflammatory diseases—A theory of inflammation-related osteopenia
Straub, R. H., Cutolo, M., & Pacifici, R. (2015) · Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism · doi:10.1016/j.semarthrit.2015.04.014 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Interaction of the endocrine system with inflammation: a function of energy and volume regulation
Straub, R. H. (2014) · Arthritis Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/ar4484 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Dose-Dependent Effects of Recombinant Human Interleukin-6 on the Pituitary-Testicular Axis
Tsigos, C., Papanicolaou, D. A., Kyrou, I., Raptis, S. A., & Chrousos, G. P. (1999) · Journal of Interferon & Cytokine Research · doi:10.1089/107999099312948 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
The process of aging changes the interplay of the immune, endocrine and nervous systems
Straub, R. H., Cutolo, M., Zietz, B., & Schölmerich, J. (2001) · Mechanisms of Ageing and Development · doi:10.1016/s0047-6374(01)00289-5 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Evolutionary medicine and chronic inflammatory state—known and new concepts in pathophysiology
Straub, R. H. (2012) · Journal of Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1007/s00109-012-0861-8 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Impaired adrenal stress response in Toll-like receptor 2-deficient mice
Bornstein, S. R., Zacharowski, P., Schumann, R. R., Barthel, A., Tran, N., Papewalis, C., Rettori, V., McCann, S. M., Schulze-Osthoff, K., Scherbaum, W. A., et al. (2004) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0407550101 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Role of Inflammation in Depression: Implications for Phenomenology, Pathophysiology and Treatment
Raison, C. L., & Miller, A. H. (2013) · Modern Trends in Psychiatry · doi:10.1159/000343966 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
The stress of aging
Cesari, M., Vellas, B., & Gambassi, G. (2013) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2012.10.004 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Regulates Steroidogenesis, Apoptosis, and Cell Viability in the Human Adrenocortical Cell Line NCI-H295R
Mikhaylova, I. V., Kuulasmaa, T., Jääskeläinen, J., & Voutilainen, R. (2007) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2006-0726 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Glucocorticoid receptor dimerization is required for proper recovery of LPS-induced inflammation, sickness behavior and metabolism in mice
Silverman, M. N., Mukhopadhyay, P., Belyavskaya, E., Tonelli, L. H., Revenis, B. D., Doran, J. H., Ballard, B. E., Tam, J., Pacher, P., & Sternberg, E. M. (2013) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2012.131 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Time-dependent alterations of peripheral immune parameters after nigrostriatal dopamine depletion in a rat model of Parkinson's disease
Engler, H., Doenlen, R., Riether, C., Engler, A., Niemi, M.-B., Besedovsky, H. O., Rey, A. D., Pacheco-López, G., Feldon, J., & Schedlowski, M. (2009) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2009.01.018 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Self-citation
Lipopolysaccharide-induced experimental immune activation does not impair memory functions in humans
Grigoleit, J.-S., Oberbeck, J. R., Lichte, P., Kobbe, P., Wolf, O. T., Montag, T., Rey, A. D., Gizewski, E. R., Engler, H., & Schedlowski, M. (2010) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2010.09.011 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Self-citation
Glucocorticoids and Inflammation: A Double-Headed Sword in Depression?
Horowitz, M. A., Zunszain, P. A., Anacker, C., Musaelyan, K., & Pariante, C. M. (2013) · Modern Trends in Psychiatry · doi:10.1159/000343980 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Effect of Prenatal Stress on the Hormonal Response to Acute and Chronic Stress and on Immune Parameters in the Offspring
Llorente, E., Brito, M. L., Machado, P., & González, M. C. (2002) · Journal of Physiology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1007/bf03179851 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Neuroimmune stress responses: reciprocal connections between the hypothalamus and the brainstem
Buller, K. M. (2003) · Stress · doi:10.1080/1025389031000092313 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Alexithymia is linked to neurocognitive, psychological, neuroendocrine, and immune dysfunction in persons living with HIV
McIntosh, R. C., Ironson, G., Antoni, M., Kumar, M., Fletcher, M. A., & Schneiderman, N. (2014) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2013.10.024 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Putative neural consequences of captivity for elephants and cetaceans
Jacobs, B., Rally, H., Doyle, C., O’Brien, L., Tennison, M., & Marino, L. (2022) · Reviews in the Neurosciences · doi:10.1515/revneuro-2021-0100 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in patients with panic disorder: effect of alprazolam therapy
Brambilla, F., Bellodi, L., & Perna, G. (1999) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/s0165-1781(99)00091-8 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Inflammatory markers and incident depression: evidence in a population-based prospective study
Shi, R., Gwee, X., Chua, D. Q., Tan, C. T., Yap, K. B., Larbi, A., Lu, Y., & Ng, T. P. (2022) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105806 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Central administration of a nitric oxide precursor abolishes both the hypothalamic serotonin release and the hypophagia induced by interleukin-1β in obese Zucker rats
Iuras, A., Telles, M. M., Bertoncini, C. R. A., Ko, G. M., de Andrade, I. S., Silveira, V. L. F., & Ribeiro, E. B. (2005) · Regulatory Peptides · doi:10.1016/j.regpep.2004.07.007 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Sleep Disturbances in Patients with Medical Conditions
Kamath, J., Prpich, G., & Jillani, S. (2015) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.psc.2015.07.011 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Cytokines in diseases of the endocrine system
Igaz, P., Falus, A., Gláz, E., & Rácz, K. (2000) · Cell Biology International · doi:10.1006/cbir.2000.0536 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Effekte Akuter Entzündungsreaktionen auf Gedächtnisleistungen, Befindlichkeiten und Neurale Aktivitäten: Effects of an Acute Inflammation on Memory Performance, Mood and Brain Activity
Kullmann, J. S., Grigoleit, J.-S., & Schedlowski, M. (2011) · Zeitschrift für Medizinische Psychologie · doi:10.3233/zmp-2011-2024 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Authors: BESEDOVSKY, H. O., & REY, A. D.
Affiliations: Philipps University of Marburg (DE)
Corresponding author: BESEDOVSKY, HUGO OSCAR
ORCID: BESEDOVSKY, HUGO OSCAR
Venue: Endocrine Reviews
Publisher: The Endocrine Society
Published: 1996-02
Volume: 17
Issue: 1
Pages: 64-102
ISSN: 0163-769X (ISSN-L)
1945-7189
DOI: 10.1210/edrv-17-1-64
OpenAlex: W1998086688
Cited by: 1,564
References: 300
Citations by year: 2026: 21 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 40 · 2016: 40 · 2015: 37 · 2014: 42 · 2013: 49 · 2012: 58
FWCI: 43.09
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Endocrine Reviews (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Vagus Nerve Stimulation Research
Keywords: neuroimmunology, endocrine regulation of immunity, history of immunology, vaccination, serum therapy, self-tolerance
MeSH terms: Animals, Homeostasis, Hormones, Humans, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Immune System, Neuropeptides, Neurosecretory Systems, Cytokines, Neurotransmitter Agents

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Immune-neuro-endocrine interactions: facts and hypotheses.

Abstract

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Cites

Cited by

Related

Record

About these checks