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Identification of TRACs (T3 receptor-associating cofactors), a family of cofactors that associate with, and modulate the activity of, nuclear hormone receptors
Open accessAbstract
Nuclear hormone receptors are the largest known family of eukaryotic transcription factors and serve as critical effectors of vertebrate homeostasis, growth, and differentiation. The precise transcriptional response mediated by a given nuclear hormone receptor is dictated by hormone, promoter, and cellular context, and many nuclear hormone receptors function bimodally as both transcriptional activators and repressors. We report here the identification of a family of proteins, denoted TRACs (T3 receptor-associating cofactors), which physically interact with nuclear hormone receptors and can modulate the transcriptional properties of these receptors. TRACs associate with retinoic acid, retinoid X, and thyroid hormone receptors, as well as the PML-RAR alpha and v-Erb A oncoproteins. Certain TRAC forms attenuate target gene expression and may serve as corepressors, whereas other TRAC family members appear to counteract these effects. We suggest that TRACs and related cofactors may participate in dictating the pleiotropic transcriptional capacities of the nuclear hormone receptors.
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Citations
Cited by
The coregulator exchange in transcriptional functions of nuclear receptors
Glass, C. K., & Rosenfeld, M. G. (2000) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.14.2.121 · Cited by 2,233
Physiological and Molecular Basis of Thyroid Hormone Action
Yen, P. M. (2001) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.2001.81.3.1097 · Cited by 2,011
Nuclear Receptor Coregulators: Cellular and Molecular Biology*
McKenna, N. J., Lanz, R. B., & O’Malley, B. W. (1999) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/edrv.20.3.0366 · Cited by 1,911
Nuclear Receptor Repression Mediated by a Complex Containing SMRT, mSin3A, and Histone Deacetylase
Nagy, L., Kao, H.-Y., Chakravarti, D., Lin, R. J., Hassig, C. A., Ayer, D. E., Schreiber, S. L., & Evans, R. M. (1997) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80218-4 · Cited by 1,230
The SMRT and N-CoR Corepressors Are Activating Cofactors for Histone Deacetylase 3
Guenther, M. G., Barak, O., & Lazar, M. A. (2001) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.21.18.6091-6101.2001 · Cited by 611
Metadata
- Authors
- Sande, S.
- Venue
- Molecular Endocrinology
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 1996-07-01
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 813-825
- ISSN
- 0888-8809 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2063295358
- Cited by
- 236
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 18.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
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- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Identification of TRACs (T3 receptor-associating cofactors), a family of cofactors that associate with, and modulate the activity of, nuclear hormone receptors. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1210/me.10.7.813
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- Sande, S. (1996). Identification of TRACs (T3 receptor-associating cofactors), a family of cofactors that associate with, and modulate the activity of, nuclear hormone receptors. Molecular Endocrinology. https://doi.org/10.1210/me.10.7.813
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Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
