The DOI matches its Crossref record; 42 of the 42 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Incidence of cerebral microbleeds in preclinical Alzheimer disease
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine the incidence and associations of lobar microbleeds (LMBs) in a longitudinal cohort with (11)C-Pittsburgh compound B (PiB) PET imaging. METHODS: One hundred seventy-four participants from the observational Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle Study of Ageing (97 with normal cognition [NC], 37 with mild cognitive impairment [MCI], and 40 with Alzheimer disease [AD] dementia) were assessed at 3 time points over 3 years with 3-tesla susceptibility-weighted MRI and (11)C-PiB PET. MRIs were inspected for microbleeds, siderosis, infarction, and white matter hyperintensity severity, blind to clinical and PiB findings. Neocortical PiB standardized uptake value ratio, normalized to cerebellar cortex, was dichotomized as positive or negative (PiB+/-, standardized uptake value ratio >1.5). Annualized LMB incidence was calculated, and logistic regression was used to determine the association of incident LMBs with PiB, APOE ε4+ status, and cerebrovascular disease. RESULTS: LMBs were present in 18.6% of NC, 24.3% of MCI, and 40% of AD participants (p < 0.05 vs NC). LMB incidence was 0.2 ± 0.6 per year in NC participants, 0.2 ± 0.5 in MCI, and 0.7 ± 1.4 in AD (p < 0.03 vs NC) and was 6-fold higher in PiB+ than PiB-NC. Incident LMBs were associated with age, APOE ε4+, PiB+, and baseline LMBs. Incidence of multiple LMBs was also associated with lacunar infarction and white matter hyperintensity severity. CONCLUSIONS: Older age, baseline LMBs, higher β-amyloid burden, and concomitant cerebrovascular disease may all confer higher risk of incident LMBs. This should be considered when designing protocols for amyloid-modifying clinical trials.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“This broad range of detection could likely be attributed to the magnet field strength, with clinical strength 1.5 and 3T magnets likely underestimating the incidence of microbleeds compared with the research-grade 7T magnet (83, 246, 452, 530, 604, 669).”
From Blood-Brain Barrier: From Physiology to Disease and Back (2019) · cites this paper as [669]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Thus, the risk of brain microhemorrhages related to Aβ immunotherapy may be a transient complication and possibly reduced in individuals with modest VAβ burden, who also have lower prevalence of spontaneous microbleeds [58, 59].”
From APOE Genotype Differentially Modulates Effects of Anti-Aβ, Passive Immunization in APP Transgenic Mice (2017) · cites this paper as [58]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“CNS microbleeds reflect loss of cerebrovascular integrity and are found in 25% of individuals with MCI (669) and 45-78% of individuals with early AD without dementia (83, 208, 246, 452, 476, 529, 604, 702).”
From Blood-Brain Barrier: From Physiology to Disease and Back (2019) · cites this paper as [669]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Both VAβ and hypertensive or atherosclerotic microangiopathy are recognized clinical risk factors for cerebral microbleeds, with the former correlating stronger with bleeding in cortical/subcortical distribution [58, 59] while the later with bleeding to deep brain structures including basal ganglia and thalamic nuclei [60, 61].”
From APOE Genotype Differentially Modulates Effects of Anti-Aβ, Passive Immunization in APP Transgenic Mice (2017) · cites this paper as [58]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Folstein, M. F., Folstein, S. E., & McHugh, P. R. (1975) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3956(75)90026-6 · Cited by 88,282
McKhann, G., Drachman, D., Folstein, M., Katzman, R., Price, D., & Stadlan, E. M. (1984) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.34.7.939 · Cited by 27,915
The Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR): Current version and scoring rules
Morris, J. C. (1993) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.43.11.2412-a · Cited by 9,882
Mild Cognitive Impairment: Clinical Characterization and Outcome
Petersen, R. C., Smith, G. E., Waring, S. C., Ivnik, R. J., Tangalos, E. G., & Kokmen, E. (1999) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.56.3.303 · Cited by 8,980
Sperling, R. A., Aisen, P. S., Beckett, L. A., Bennett, D. A., Craft, S., Fagan, A. M., Iwatsubo, T., Jack, C. R., Kaye, J., Montine, T. J., et al. (2011) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2011.03.003 · Cited by 7,155
Self-citationMR signal abnormalities at 1.5 T in Alzheimer's dementia and normal aging
Fazekas, F., Chawluk, J. B., Alavi, A. A., Hurtig, H. I., & Zimmerman, R. A. (1987) · American Journal of Roentgenology · doi:10.2214/ajr.149.2.351 · Cited by 5,327
Cerebral microbleeds: a guide to detection and interpretation
Greenberg, S. M., Vernooij, M. W., Cordonnier, C., Viswanathan, A., Al-Shahi Salman, R., Warach, S., Launer, L. J., Van Buchem, M. A., & Breteler, M. M. (2009) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(09)70013-4 · Cited by 1,798
Clinical diagnosis of cerebral amyloid angiopathy: validation of the Boston criteria
Knudsen, K. A., Rosand, J., Karluk, D., & Greenberg, S. M. (2001) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.56.4.537 · Cited by 1,015
Ellis, K. A., Bush, A. I., Darby, D., Fazio, D. D., Foster, J. K., Hudson, P. J., Lautenschlager, N. T., Lenzo, N. P., Martins, R. N., Maruff, P. T., et al. (2009) · International Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1017/s1041610209009405 · Cited by 1,005
Self-citationAmyloid imaging results from the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle (AIBL) study of aging
Rowe, C. C., Ellis, K. A., Rimajova, M., Bourgeat, P., Pike, K. E., Jones, G., Fripp, J., Tochon-Danguy, H., Morandeau, L., O'Keefe, G., et al. (2010) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2010.04.007 · Cited by 986
Self-citation
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–150 of 150
Kouki, M. A., Pritchard, A. B., Alder, J. E., & Crean, S. (2021) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-215103 · Cited by 14
Cho, G., Mecca, A. P., Buxton, O. M., Liu, X., & Miner, B. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine · doi:10.5664/jcsm.11630 · Cited by 10
Asymptomatic cerebral findings on 3-Tesla MRI in patients with severe carotid artery stenoses
Komura, S., Nomura, T., Imaizumi, T., Inamura, S., Kanno, A., Honda, O., Hashimoto, Y., Mikami, T., & Nonaka, T. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.jocn.2022.05.004 · Cited by 8
Systematic Review on the Role of Lobar Cerebral Microbleeds in Cognition
Cipriano, L., Saracino, D., Oliva, M., Campana, V., Puoti, G., Conforti, R., Fulgione, L., Signoriello, E., Bonavita, S., & Coppola, C. (2022) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-215323 · Cited by 7
Restricted Effect of Cerebral Microbleeds on Regional Magnetic Susceptibility
Fazlollahi, A., Raniga, P., Bourgeat, P., Yates, P. A., Bush, A. I., Salvado, O., & Ayton, S. (2020) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-200076 · Cited by 7
Self-citationChiu, W. T., Lee, T. Y., Chan, L., Wu, D., Huang, L. K., Chen, D. Y. T., Lee, Y. T., Hu, C. J., & Hong, C. (2020) · Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery · doi:10.1016/j.clineuro.2020.105959 · Cited by 6
Camarda, C., Torelli, P., Pipia, C., Battaglini, I., Azzarello, D. M., Rosano, R., Ventimiglia, C. C., Sottile, G., Cilluffo, G., & Camarda, R. (2019) · Current Alzheimer Research · doi:10.2174/1567205016666190726100744 · Cited by 6
Mapping the Relationship of Contributing Factors for Preclinical Alzheimer’s Disease
Shi, L., Zhao, L., Wong, A., Wang, D., & Mok, V. (2015) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep11259 · Cited by 5
Association Between Cerebral Microbleeds and Circulating Levels of Mid-Regional Pro-Adrenomedullin
Kuriyama, N., Koyama, T., Ozaki, E., Saitô, S., Ihara, M., Matsui, D., Watanabe, I., Kondo, M., Marunaka, Y., Takada, A., et al. (2022) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-220195 · Cited by 5
Experimental microembolism induces localized neuritic pathology in guinea pig cerebrum
Li, J., Cai, Y., Liu, F., Yang, L., Hu, X., Patrylo, P. P., Cai, H., Luo, X.-G., Xiao, D., & Yan, X.-X. (2015) · OncoTarget · doi:10.18632/oncotarget.3599 · Cited by 5
Impact of Cerebral Microbleeds on Tau-Associated Cognitive and Structural Decline
Jung, Y. H., Cho, J., Lee, S., Seo, H., Tak, K., Kim, W., Park, S., Park, K. H., & Noh, Y. (2025) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000214453 · Cited by 4
A novel CCM2 variant in a family with non‐progressive cognitive complaints and cerebral microbleeds
Cohn‐Hokke, P. E., Holstege, H. H., Weiss, M. M., van der Flier, W. M., Barkhof, F., Sistermans, E. A., Pijnenburg, Y. A. L., Swieten, J. C. V., Meijers-Heijboer, H. E. J., & Scheltens, P. (2016) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.32468 · Cited by 4
The clinical significance of brain microbleeds in patients with Alzheimer's disease
Heo, J., Im, D.-G., Lee, S.-H., & Ahn, J. (2016) · Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology · doi:10.4103/0972-2327.194426 · Cited by 4
An arrayed CRISPR knockout screen identifies genetic regulators of GLUT1 expression
Shi, Y., Katdare, K. A., Kim, H., Rosch, J. C., Neal, E. H., Vafaie-Partin, S., Bauer, J. A., & Lippmann, E. S. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-48361-5 · Cited by 5
Camarda, C., Torelli, P., Pipia, C., Sottile, G., Cilluffo, G., & Camarda, R. (2020) · Current Alzheimer Research · doi:10.2174/1567205017666201109093314 · Cited by 3
Cerebral microbleeds: Spatial distribution implications
Loehrer, E. A., Vernooij, M. W., & Ikram, M. A. (2014) · Translational Neuroscience · doi:10.2478/s13380-014-0217-7 · Cited by 3
Brutto, Ó. H. D., Recalde, B. Y., Rumbea, D. A., & Mera, R. M. (2022) · The Neuroradiology Journal · doi:10.1177/19714009221141401 · Cited by 2
Utility of cerebrovascular imaging biomarkers to detect cerebral amyloidosis
Howe, M. D., Caruso, M. R., Manoochehri, M., Kunicki, Z. J., Emrani, S., Rudolph, J. L., Huey, E. D., Salloway, S., Oh, H., & Initiative, A. D. N. (2024) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.14207 · Cited by 1
Abbott, N. J. (2015) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118788523.ch26 · Cited by 2
Cho, G., Mecca, A. P., Buxton, O. M., Liu, X., & Miner, B. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.01.12.632386 · Cited by 2
Kang, S., Kafetsouli, D., Ford, J., Wong, J., Bracoud, L., Suhy, J., Giannakopoulou, P., Udeh‐Momoh, C. T., Russ, T. C., Ritchie, C. W., et al. (2025) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.70594 · Cited by 1
Fernández‐Lebrero, A., Jiménez-Baladó, J., García‐Escobar, G., Contador, J., Estragués-Gázquez, I., Peraferrer-Montesinos, L., Suárez‐Pérez, A., Manero-Borràs, R. M., Beltrán, B., Gramegna, L., et al. (2026) · European Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1111/ene.70613 · Cited by 1
Shkirkova, K., Maria, N. S. S., Anson, H., Aghaei, Y., Badami, M. M., Chakhoyan, A., Godoy-Lugo, J. A., Chung, C. S., Durra, S., Tang-Tan, A. M., et al. (2026) · Redox Biology · doi:10.1016/j.redox.2026.104390 · Cited by 1
In Vitro Blood-Brain Barrier Functional Assays in a Human iPSC-Based Model
Neal, E., Shi, Y., & Lippmann, E. (2019) · Neuromethods · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-9228-7_1 · Cited by 1
Chrostowski, J., Majos, M., Walczak, A., Wachowski, M. R., & Majos, A. (2021) · Polish Journal of Radiology · doi:10.5114/pjr.2021.110650 · Cited by 1
Cerebral Microbleeds With Atrial Fibrillation After Ablation Therapy
Hirata, Y., Kato, N., Nakamura, N., Muraga, K., Shindo, A., Matsuura, K., Ii, Y., Shiga, M., Tabei, K., Satoh, M., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2022.818288 · Cited by 1
Cerebral hemorrhages in traumatic brain injury
Andrei Irimia, A., Rostowsky, K. A., Law, E. M., & Chui, H. C. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-823347-4.00030-0 · Cited by 1
Windon, C., & Elahi, F. M. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-49963-0_30 · Cited by 1
Anderson, K. E., Bellio, T. A., Aniskovich, E., Adams, S. L., Blusztajn, J. K., & Delalle, I. (2020) · Cerebral Cortex Communications · doi:10.1093/texcom/tgaa031 · Cited by 1
Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Pharmaceutical Safety Assessment
Hockings, P. D., & Beckmann, N. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-73317-9_19-1 · Cited by 1
Charidimou, A. (2015) · UCL Discovery (University College London) · Cited by 1
Imaging Approaches to Cerebral Cortex Pathology
Bartha, R., & Lee, T.-Y. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801942-9.00003-3
Critical Assessment of the Status of Biomarkers for Alzheimer's
Wood, P. L., Wood, J. A., & Memorial, L. (2014)
Unraveling the heterogeneity of cerebral small vessel disease. From local to remote effects
van Leijsen, E. M. C. (2018) · Radboud Repository (Radboud University)
Review: The origin and clinical importance of cerebral microbleeds II
Imaizumi, T., Inamura, S., Yoshifuji, K., & Niwa, J. (2019) · Nosotchu · doi:10.3995/jstroke.10737
Relationship between Urinary AD7c‐NTP with Cerebral Microbleeds Based on APOE Genotype
Yu, Y.-P., & Zheng, Y.-L. (2021) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2021/3928060
(2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-804538-1.00036-5
Microsanguinamenti intracerebrali
Puy, L., & Cordonnier, C. (2019) · EMC - Neurologia · doi:10.1016/s1634-7072(19)42493-8
Critical Assessment of the Status of Biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease
Alzheimer’s, O. B. F. (2014) · Journal of Parkinson’s Disease and Alzheimer’s Disease · doi:10.13188/2376-922x.1000001
Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Pharmaceutical Safety Assessment
Hockings, P. D., & Beckmann, N. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-35529-5_19
Khaledian, H., Rad, A. J., Barjisi, P., Saberian, P., Mozafar, M., Ghahramani, S., Sadeghi, M., Mayeli, M., Alavi, S. M. A., Berenjian, S., et al. (2025) · Aging Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1007/s40520-025-02988-8
Structural Imaging in Dementia
Low, X. Z., & Kumar, S. (2025) · Medical radiology · doi:10.1007/174_2025_577
Levin, O. S., & Гехаева, З. К. (2025) · The Clinician · doi:10.17650/1818-8338-2025-19-1-k744
Fernández‐Lebrero, A., Jiménez-Baladó, J., García‐Escobar, G., Contador, J., Estragués-Gázquez, I., Peraferrer-Montesinos, L., Suárez‐Pérez, A., Manero-Borràs, R. M., Beltrán, B., Gramegna, L. L., et al. (2025) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-7448531/v1
Health system patterns of imaging and fluid biomarker testing in the era of anti‐amyloid therapies
Robb, W. H., Kaur, G., Huang, S. K., Martinez, F., Nguyen, B. D., Shin, C., Yang, M., Conyers, C. T., Grilli, C. B., Upjohn, D. P., et al. (2026) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.71343
Bhattacharya, A., Manjithaya, R. R., Chickabasaviah, Y. T., & Alladi, P. A. (2026) · Annals of Neurosciences · doi:10.1177/09727531261462296
Yang, X., Li, Y., Bibic, A., Wang, J., Wan, M., Duan, W., Lu, H., & Wei, Z. (2026) · Alzheimer s & Dementia Translational Research & Clinical Interventions · doi:10.1002/trc2.70308 · Cited by 1
Hill, C., Morgan, H., Michopoulou, S. K., Niranjan, M., & Kipps, C. (2026) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.71792
Smitasiri, T., Pongpitakmetha, T., Thanprasertsuk, S., & Likitjaroen, Y. (2026) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.1177/13872877261493065
Hill, C., Michopoulou, S. K., Niranjan, M., & Kipps, C. (2026) · medRxiv · doi:10.64898/2026.10.12.26365339
Metadata
- Authors
- Yates, P. A., Desmond, P. M., Phal, P. M., Steward, C., Szoeke, C., Salvado, O., Ellis, K. A., Martins, R. N., Masters, C. L., Ames, D., Villemagne, V. L., Rowe, C. C., & For the AIBL Research Group
- Affiliations
- Edith Cowan University (AU)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Neurology
- Published
- 2014-04-08
- Volume
- 82
- Issue
- 14
- Pages
- 1266-1273
- ISSN
- 0028-3878 (ISSN-L)
- 1526-632X
- PMC
- PMC4001205
- OpenAlex
- W1992608632
- Cited by
- 150
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 7
- FWCI
- 13.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Neurology (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Bank (Australian Catholic University) (submittedVersion)
- Research Online (Edith Cowan University) (submittedVersion)
- Minerva Access (University of Melbourne) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Eli Lilly and Company
- Pfizer
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation
- Dementia Collaborative Research Centres, Australia
- H. Lundbeck A/S
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Intracerebral and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Keywords
- cerebral microbleeds, lobar microbleeds, preclinical Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment, amyloid PET, APOE ε4, cerebrovascular disease, lacunar infarction, white matter hyperintensities
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Alzheimer Disease, Amyloid, Aniline Compounds, Australia, Brain, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Thiazoles, Incidence, Intracranial Hemorrhages, Positron-Emission Tomography, Cerebral Small Vessel Diseases
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
