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Autism and epilepsy: A population-based nationwide cohort study
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in individuals with epilepsy and in their first-degree relatives to determine shared etiology. METHODS: Through the Swedish Patient Register, we identified 85,201 individuals with epilepsy, as well as all their siblings (n = 80,511) and offspring (n = 98,534). Each individual with epilepsy was compared with 5 controls, matched for age, sex, calendar period, and county, while siblings and offspring were compared with siblings and offspring of controls. We excluded siblings and offspring with epilepsy. Using Cox regression, we calculated hazard ratios (HRs) for future diagnosis of ASD. Logistic regression was applied to calculate odds ratios (ORs) for prior diagnosis of ASD. RESULTS: During follow-up, 1,381 (1.6%) individuals with epilepsy and 700 (0.2%) controls were diagnosed with ASD. Individuals with epilepsy were therefore at increased risk of future ASD (HR 10.49, 95% confidence interval [CI] 9.55-11.53), with the highest risk seen in individuals diagnosed with epilepsy in childhood. Both siblings (HR 1.62, 95% CI 1.43-1.83) and offspring (HR 1.64, 95% CI 1.46-1.84) of epilepsy patients were at increased risk of ASD. The risk in the offspring was particularly high in mothers with epilepsy (HR 1.91; 95% CI 1.63-2.23). Epilepsy was also associated with a prior diagnosis of ASD (OR 4.56, 95% CI 4.02-5.18). CONCLUSIONS: Individuals with epilepsy are at increased risk of ASD, especially if epilepsy appears in childhood. Further, ASD is more common in the siblings and offspring of individuals with epilepsy, suggesting shared etiology.
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“Several studies reveal a strong relationship between epilepsy in individuals with autism and autism in those with epilepsy (Viscidi et al., 2013; Reilly et al., 2015; Sundelin et al., 2016), with the prevalence of epilepsy in ASD doubling in adolescence (26%) compared to childhood (12%) (Hara, 2007; Woolfenden et al., 2012; Sharma et al., 2021).”
From Tauopathy and Epilepsy Comorbidities and Underlying Mechanisms (2022) · cites this paper as Sundelin et al., 2016
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Après-propos. Vers les cohortes d’adultes
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Metadata
- Authors
- Sundelin, H. E. K., Larsson, H., Lichtenstein, P., Almqvist, C., Hultman, C. M., Tomson, T., & Ludvigsson, J. F.
- Affiliations
- Karolinska University Hospital (SE)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Neurology
- Published
- 2016-07-12
- Volume
- 87
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 192-197
- ISSN
- 0028-3878 (ISSN-L)
- 1526-632X
- PMC
- PMC4940061
- OpenAlex
- W2420966984
- Cited by
- 85
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 7
- FWCI
- 7.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Neurology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Eli Lilly and Company
- Eisai
- Karolinska Institutet
- Stockholms Läns Landsting (340‐2013‐5867)
- Vetenskapsrådet (340–2013-5867, (2014-3831), 2011-02492)
- Forskningsrådet om Hälsa, Arbetsliv och Välfärd (2012‐1678, 2011-2492, 340‐2013‐5867)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Epilepsy research and treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Pharmacological Effects and Toxicity Studies
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, epilepsy, shared etiology, familial risk, siblings, offspring, maternal epilepsy, childhood-onset epilepsy, comorbidities
- MeSH terms
- Autism Spectrum Disorder, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Child, Child, Preschool, Epilepsy, Family, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Middle Aged, Registries, Risk, Sweden, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Young Adult
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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