Magnetic resonance imaging analysis of age-related changes in the brains of individuals with Down’s syndrome
Abstract
Neuroanatomic characteristics of the brains of individuals with Down's syndrome (DS) are typically characterized at autopsy. Apparent anatomic differences in brain between DS and normal individuals are observable upon gross inspection of MRIs. Area measurements from coronal MRIs are used in this study to determine quantitative structural differences that may occur in DS and during aging. In DS individuals, a significantly larger parahippocampal gyrus, and smaller hippocampus and neocortex, are reported relative to age-matched controls. We also examine two DS individuals with a clinical diagnosis of dementia who exhibit atrophy similar to that typically observed in Alzheimer's disease. MRI appears to be a useful tool for quantitative anatomic analysis and may be beneficial for determining baseline anatomic measures that can be useful in the diagnosis of changes associated with dementia.
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Regions of disproportionately small brain volume in DS include the cerebrum, cerebellum, and hippocampus.
“Cognitive impairment is a hallmark DS phenotype affecting all individuals with Ts21 (Antonarakis et al., 2020) with regions of disproportionately small brain volume including the cerebrum, cerebellum, and hippocampus (Aylward et al., 1999; Kesslak et al., 1994; Pinter et al., 2001; Raz et al., 1995; Weis et al., 1991).”
From Sex-specific developmental alterations in DYRK1A expression in the brain of a Down syndrome mouse model (2024) · cites this paper as Kesslak et al., 1994
The cerebral cortical hemispheres, cerebellum, and hippocampal formations are significantly reduced in size in people with Down syndrome.
“In particular, the cerebral cortical hemispheres, cerebellum, and hippocampal formations are significantly reduced in size (Wisniewski, 1990; Golden and Hyman, 1994; Kesslak et al., 1994; Raz et al., 1995; Pinter et al., 2001; Tarui et al., 2020; McCann et al., 2021).”
From Neurodevelopment in Down syndrome: Concordance in humans and models (2022) · cites this paper as Kesslak et al., 1994
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“In particular, the cerebral cortical hemispheres, cerebellum, and hippocampal formations are significantly reduced in size (Wisniewski, 1990; Golden and Hyman, 1994; Kesslak et al., 1994; Raz et al., 1995; Pinter et al., 2001; Tarui et al., 2020; McCann et al., 2021).”
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Fukami-Gartner, A., Baburamani, A. A., Dimitrova, R., Patkee, P. A., Ojinaga-Alfageme, O., Bonthrone, A. F., Cromb, D., Uus, A. U., Counsell, S. J., Hajnal, J. V., et al. (2023) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhad171 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Illouz, T., Madar, R., Biragyn, A., & Okun, E. (2019) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2018.10.004 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Hawley, L. E., Stringer, M., Deal, A. J., Folz, A., Goodlett, C. R., & Roper, R. J. (2024) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106359 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“…is a hallmark DS phenotype affecting all individuals with Ts21 (Antonarakis et al., 2020) with regions of disproportionately small brain volume including the cerebrum, cerebellum, and hippocampus (Aylward et al., 1999; Kesslak et al., 1994; Pinter et al., 2001; Raz et al., 1995; Weis et al., 1991).”
- Authors
- Kesslak, J. P., Nagata, S. F., Lott, I., & Nalcioglu, O.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Irvine (US)
- ORCID
- Lott, I.
- Venue
- Neurology
- Published
- 1994-06
- Volume
- 44
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1039-1039
- ISSN
- 0028-3878 (ISSN-L)
- 1526-632X
- OpenAlex
- W2148368136
- Cited by
- 145
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 7 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 10.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Neurology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (NIA AG 05142)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Down syndrome and intellectual disability research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Keywords
- Down syndrome, brain aging, parahippocampal gyrus, hippocampus, neocortex, brain atrophy, dementia, Alzheimer's disease, neuroanatomy
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aging, Alzheimer Disease, Brain, Down Syndrome, Female, Hippocampus, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Temporal Lobe
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