Cited by 101Down syndrome and intellectual disability researchDementia and Cognitive Impairment ResearchAutism Spectrum Disorder Research

Relationship Between Brain and Cognitive Processes in Down Syndrome

Menghini, Deny, Costanzo, Floriana, Vicari, Stefano·2011·Behavior Genetics

Abstract

We investigated regional grey matter (GM) density in adolescents with Down syndrome (DS) compared to age-matched controls and correlated MRI data with neuropsychological measures in the DS group. Inter-group comparisons documented several GM concentration abnormalities in the participants with DS compared to controls. In the adolescents with DS, intra-group results also showed associations between regional GM density and the neuropsychological measures considered. In particular, GM density of the cerebellum and middle and inferior temporal gyrus was associated with linguistic measures. Short-term memory performances were correlated with the inferior parietal lobule, insula, superior temporal gyrus, medial occipital lobe, and cerebellum. Long-term memory abilities were correlated with GM density in the orbitofrontal cortex, lateral and medial temporal lobe regions, and anterior cingulum and visuo-perceptual abilities with GM density the left middle frontal gyrus. Results of this preliminary study are consistent with a not always efficient brain organization in DS.

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Crossref · 10.1007/s10519-011-9448-3

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87 of 87 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • Gross anatomical differences in brain structure are apparent in fetal and neonatal brains of individuals with Down syndrome, including reductions in overall brain volume, white matter volume, gyral complexity, sulcal depth and growth of the cortical plate.

    “Gross anatomical differences in brain structure are apparent in the fetal and neonatal brains of individuals with DS, including reductions in overall brain volume, white matter volume, gyral complexity, sulcal depth and growth of the cortical plate6,8–15.”
  • Neurodevelopmental impairment and neuronal dysfunction contribute to the hallmark cognitive deficits observed in individuals with Down syndrome.

    “There is evidence that neurodevelopmental impairment and neuronal dysfunction contribute to the hallmark cognitive deficits observed in individuals with DS8,9.”

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Authors
Menghini, D., Costanzo, F., & Vicari, S.
Affiliations
Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital (IT)
Corresponding author
Vicari, Stefano
Venue
Behavior Genetics
Published
2011-01-29
Volume
41
Issue
3
Pages
381-393
ISSN
  • 0001-8244 (ISSN-L)
  • 1573-3297
OpenAlex
W1987076849
Cited by
101
References
87
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 7
FWCI
10.07
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Behavior Genetics (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Down syndrome and intellectual disability research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
Keywords
Down syndrome, gray matter density, adolescents, neuropsychological measures, cerebellum, temporal lobe, short-term memory, long-term memory, brain organization, neuroimaging
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Brain Mapping, Cerebellum, Cerebral Cortex, Child, Child Behavior Disorders, DNA Mutational Analysis, Down Syndrome, Female, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Organ Size, Phenotype, Young Adult

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