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Depression of motor cortex excitability by low-frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation
Abstract
We studied the effects of low-frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) on motor cortex excitability in humans. TMS at 0.1 Hz for 1 hour did not change cortical excitability. Stimulation at 0.9 Hz for 15 minutes (810 pulses), similar to the parameters used to induce long-term depression (LTD) in cortical slice preparations and in vivo animal studies, led to a mean decrease in motor evoked potential (MEP) amplitude of 19.5%. The decrease in cortical excitability lasted for at least 15 minutes after the end of the 0.9 Hz stimulation. The mechanism underlying this decrease in excitability may be similar to LTD. TMS-induced reduction of cortical excitability has potential clinical applications in diseases such as epilepsy and myoclonus. Spread of excitation, which may be a warning sign for seizures, occurred in one subject and was not accompanied by increased MEP amplitude, suggesting that spread of excitation and amplitude changes are different phenomena and also indicating the need for adequate monitoring even with stimulations at low frequencies.
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“These data build upon studies in patients with depression [39,50] and provide a biological mechanism through which DLPFC may be effective at attenuating craving.”
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Schönfeldt-Lecuona, C., Cárdenas-Morales, L., Moreno-Aguirre, A., Dorn, K., Langguth, B., Brühl, A. B., Kammer, T., & Herwig, U. (2012) · Brain Topography · doi:10.1007/s10548-012-0218-1 · Cited by 15
“…40 pulses for each position (with a total of 240 pulses), while in most therapeutic applications of 1 Hz rTMS patients receive between 600 and 1,800 stimuli over the temporal cortex (Plewnia et al. 2007; Chen et al. 1997; Fierro et al. 2007; Fitzgerald et al. 2002; Langguth et al. 2008).”
BackgroundInduction of plasticity and metaplasticity using noninvasive brain stimulation
Bhattacharya, A., Darmani, G., Udupa, K., Nankoo, J.-F., Ding, M. Y. R., & Chen, R. (2025) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2025.07.009 · Cited by 14
Self-citationKarabanov, A., Ziemann, U., Hamada, M., George, M. S., Quartarone, A., Classen, J., Massimini, M., Rothwell, J., & Siebner, H. R. (2015) · Brain Stimulation · doi:10.1016/j.brs.2015.06.016 · Cited by 5
Metadata
- Authors
- Chen, R., Classen, J., Gerloff, C., Celnik, P., Wassermann, E. M., Hallett, M., & Cohen, L. G.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Venue
- Neurology
- Published
- 1997-05
- Volume
- 48
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1398-1403
- ISSN
- 0028-3878 (ISSN-L)
- 1526-632X
- OpenAlex
- W2034753893
- Cited by
- 2,128
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 51 · 2025: 58 · 2024: 68 · 2023: 62 · 2022: 64 · 2021: 95 · 2020: 71 · 2019: 64 · 2018: 76 · 2017: 69 · 2016: 78 · 2015: 106 · 2014: 105 · 2013: 118 · 2012: 104
- FWCI
- 12.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Neurology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Deep Brain Stimulation and Movement Disorders
- Keywords
- motor cortex excitability, long-term depression, motor evoked potentials, cortical plasticity, epilepsy, myoclonus, excitation propagation
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Electric Stimulation, Female, Fingers, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Motor Activity, Motor Cortex, Evoked Potentials, Motor, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
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