Cited by 708Peripheral Neuropathies and DisordersPain Mechanisms and TreatmentsHereditary Neurological Disorders

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 25 of the 25 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The spectrum of neuropathy in diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance

Sumner, C.J., Sheth, S., Griffin, J.W., Cornblath, D.R., Polydefkis, M.·2003·Neurology

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To compare the neuropathy associated with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and diabetes mellitus (DM) determined by oral glucose tolerance testing (OGTT). METHODS: Patients with peripheral neuropathy of unknown cause were prescribed OGTT. Duration of neuropathic symptoms, neuropathic pain, neuropathy classification, nerve conduction test results, and intraepidermal nerve fiber densities (IENFD) were compared between IGT and DM groups. RESULTS: Seventy-three patients completed OGTT; 41 (56%) had abnormal results. Of these 41 patients, 26 had IGT and 15 had DM. Patients with IGT had less severe neuropathy than patients with diabetes, as measured by sural nerve amplitudes (p = 0.056), sural nerve conduction velocities (p = 0.03), and distal leg IENFD (p = 0.01). Patients with IGT had predominantly small fiber neuropathy, compared to patients with DM (p = 0.05), who had more involvement of large nerve fibers. CONCLUSIONS: The neuropathy associated with IGT is milder than the neuropathy associated with DM. Small nerve fibers are prominently affected and may be the earliest detectable sign of neuropathy in glucose dysmetabolism. OGTT is appropriate in patients with idiopathic neuropathy.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1212/wnl.60.1.108

Cites

25 of 25 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

The Effect of Intensive Treatment of Diabetes on the Development and Progression of Long-Term Complications in Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
(1993) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199309303291401 · Cited by 24,667
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin
(2002) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa012512 · Cited by 19,011
Report of the Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus
The Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus* (2002) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.25.2007.s5 · Cited by 10,325
Report of the Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus
The Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus (1997) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.20.7.1183 · Cited by 6,220
Prevalence of diabetes, impaired fasting glucose, and impaired glucose tolerance in U.S. adults. The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994
Harris, M. I., Flegal, K. M., Cowie, C. C., Eberhardt, M. S., Goldstein, D. E., Little, R. R., Wiedmeyer, H.-M., & Byrd-Holt, D. D. (1998) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.21.4.518 · Cited by 2,703
The Rising Global Burden of Diabetes and its Complications: Estimates and Projections to the Year 2010
Amos, A., Mccarty, D. J., & Zimmet, P. (1997) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9136(199712)14:5+ · Cited by 2,247
Economic Consequences of Diabetes Mellitus in the U.S. in 1997
American Diabetes Association (1998) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.21.2.296 · Cited by 654
Predictors of Progression From Impaired Glucose Tolerance to NIDDM: An Analysis of Six Prospective Studies
Edelstein, S. L., Knowler, W. C., Bain, R. P., Andres, R., Barrett-Connor, E. L., Dowse, G. K., Haffher, S. M., Pettitt, D. J., Sorkin, J. D., Muller, D. C., et al. (1997) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.46.4.701 · Cited by 641
Epidermal Nerve Fiber Density: Normative Reference Range and Diagnostic Efficiency
McArthur, J. C., Stocks, E. A., Hauer, P., Cornblath, D. R., & Griffin, J. W. (1998) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.55.12.1513 · Cited by 560
Self-citation
Cutaneous innervation in sensory neuropathies
McCarthy, B. G., Hsieh, S., Stocks, A., Hauer, P., Macko, C., Cornblath, D. R., Griffin, J. W., & McArthur, J. C. (1995) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.45.10.1848 · Cited by 471
Self-citation

Show all 25 references

Research works printed but not linked: 1

Gordis L. From association to causation: deriving inferences from epidemiologic studies. In: Epidemiology 2nd ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders 2000; 184–203.

Sorted by citations

Items 301–400 of 705

Complications of the Diabetic Foot
Kim, P. J., & Steinberg, J. S. (2013) · Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2013.08.002 · Cited by 30
“The pain may increase during periods of elevated blood glucose and decrease with better control of blood glucose.(4,5) Although anticonvulsant medications (gabapentin, pregabalin), vitamin supplementation (B, folic acid, thiamine), and surgical decom-”
Background
Painful Small Fiber Neuropathies
McArthur, J. C. (2012) · CONTINUUM Lifelong Learning in Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.con.0000411570.79827.25 · Cited by 28
“In one series of patients with unexplained neuropathy, 56% had either impaired glucose tolerance or frank diabetes mellitus small fiber neuropathy.(29) Patients with impaired glucose tolerance had predominantly small fiber neuropathy, in contrast to patients with diabetes mellitus, who were more likely to have involve…”
Result
Agreement between automated and manual quantification of corneal nerve fiber length: Implications for diabetic neuropathy research
Scarr, D., Lovblom, L. E., Ostrovski, I., Kelly, D., Wu, T., Farooqi, M. A., Halpern, E. M., Ngo, M., Ng, E., Orszag, A., et al. (2016) · Journal of Diabetes and its Complications · doi:10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2016.07.024 · Cited by 28
Validation of the modified LDI Flare technique: A simple and quick method to assess C‐fiber function
Vas, P. R. J., & Rayman, G. A. (2012) · Muscle & Nerve · doi:10.1002/mus.23532 · Cited by 28
Disorders of Peripheral Nerves
Katirji, B., & Koontz, D. (2012) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4377-0434-1.00101-8 · Cited by 28
Complications of Diabetes Mellitus
Brownlee, M., Aiello, L. P., Cooper, M. E., Vinik, A. I., Plutzky, J., & Boulton, A. J. M. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-29738-7.00033-2 · Cited by 29
Combination of quercetin, cinnamaldehyde and hirudin protects rat dorsal root ganglion neurons against high glucose-induced injury through Nrf-2/HO-1 activation and NF-κB inhibition
Shi, Y., Liang, X., Zhang, H., Sun, Q., Wu, Q., & Qu, L. (2017) · Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11655-017-2405-0 · Cited by 28
“More than one-half of patients with diabetes have DPN, and the number is rising, which will result in more disabilities and health care expenses.((1,2)) After decades of research in this field, there is still no approved therapy for treating DPN.”
Background
Autonomic Test by EZSCAN in the Screening for Prediabetes and Diabetes
Yang, Z., Xu, B., Lu, J., Tian, X., Li, M., Sun, K., Huang, F., Liu, Y., Xu, M., Bi, Y., et al. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0056480 · Cited by 29
“On the other hand, impaired glucose tolerance appears a predominant small-fiber neuropathic involvement [22], which sudomotor dysfunction belongs to.”
Background
American College of Endocrinology Pre-Diabetes Consensus Conference: Part Two
Bloomgarden, Z. T. (2008) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc08-zb11 · Cited by 26
Cutaneous silent period changes in Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with small fiber neuropathy
Önal, M., Ulaş, Ü. H., Öz, O., Bek, S., Yücel, M., Taşlıpınar, A., & Odabaşı, Z. (2010) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2009.12.024 · Cited by 27
“Large-diameter (A-a and A-b) somatic fibers also become involved in time in patients diagnosed with overt diabetes (Sumner et al., 2003).”
Background
Early sensory neurophysiological changes in prediabetes
Lin, Y., Lin, C. S.-Y., Chang, T., Lee, J., Tani, J., Chen, H., & Sung, J. (2019) · Journal of Diabetes Investigation · doi:10.1111/jdi.13151 · Cited by 26
Association of Statins with Sensory and Autonomic Ganglionopathy
Novák, P., Maldonado, D. P., Sundar, B., Moonis, M., Lan, Q., & Novak, V. (2015) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2015.00191 · Cited by 26
“Sensory and autonomic ganglionopathy, also called sensory and autonomic neuronopathy, although rare, can be associated with variety of conditions including infection, inflammation, autoimmunity, critical illness, glucose metabolism abnormalities, Sjogren syndrome, paraneoplastic, or toxic effects (Satake et al., 1998;…”
Background
A Novel Intraoral Diabetes Screening Approach in Periodontal Patients: Results of a Pilot Study
Strauss, S. M., Tuthill, J. M., Singh, G., Rindskopf, D., Maggiore, J. A., Schoor, R., Brodsky, A., Einhorn, A., Hochstein, A., Russell, S. L., et al. (2011) · Journal of Periodontology · doi:10.1902/jop.2011.110386 · Cited by 28
Ganglioside GM3 synthase depletion reverses neuropathic pain and small fiber neuropathy in diet-induced diabetic mice
Menichella, D. M., Jayaraj, N. D., Wilson, H. M., Ren, D., Flood, K. S., Wang, X.-Q., Shum, A. K., Miller, R. J., & Paller, A. S. (2016) · Molecular Pain · doi:10.1177/1744806916666284 · Cited by 26
MR T2 value of the tibial nerve can be used as a potential non-invasive and quantitative biomarker for the diagnosis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy
Wang, D., Wang, C., Duan, X., Yang, Z., Bai, Z., Hu, H., Yan, L., & Shen, J. (2017) · European Radiology · doi:10.1007/s00330-017-5043-1 · Cited by 27
“IENFD in skin-punch biopsies can accurately quantify nerve fibre damage and repair, but is an invasive procedure [6].”
Background
Longitudinal follow‐up of biopsy‐proven small fiber neuropathy
MacDonald, S. J., Sharma, T. L., Li, J., Polston, D. W., & Li, Y. (2019) · Muscle & Nerve · doi:10.1002/mus.26648 · Cited by 26
“Among the patients whose condition progressed to LFN, nearly half had an underlying etiology of impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes, which is consistent with the previous observation that hyperglycemia may be associated with SFN prior to the development of LFN.(8) Bakkers et al(9) analyzed the impact of SFN on qual…”
Result
Sudomotor Dysfunction
Cheshire, W. P. (2020) · Seminars in Neurology · doi:10.1055/s-0040-1713847 · Cited by 26
Topiramate improves neurovascular function, epidermal nerve fiber morphology, and metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Boyd, A. (2010) · Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity · doi:10.2147/dmsott.s13699 · Cited by 32
“However, up to 50% of patients with painful neuropathy may have impaired glucose tolerance.(17,45,46) This suggests that treatment of the nonhyperglycemic components of the metabolic syndrome may be important.”
Prevalence of Sensory Neuropathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Its Correlation with Duration of Disease.
Karki, D. B., Yadava, S. K., Pant, S., Thusa, N., Dangol, E., & Ghimire, S. (2016) · PubMed · Cited by 26
Symptomatic and Electrodiagnostic Features of Peripheral Neuropathy in Scleroderma
Paik, J. J., Mammen, A. L., Wigley, F. M., Shah, A. A., Hummers, L. K., & Polydefkis, M. J. (2015) · Arthritis Care & Research · doi:10.1002/acr.22818 · Cited by 26
“We used the same cutoffs for sural and peroneal values that are used for clinical diagnosis (17): abnormal was a sural amplitude ,5 mV in subjects with age .”
MethodSelf-citation
Duloxetine in the long-term management of diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain: An open-label, 52-week extension of a randomized controlled clinical trial
Wernicke, J., Raskin, J., Rosen, A. S., Pritchett, Y., D’Souza, D. N., Iyengar, S., Knopp, K. L., & Le, T. K. (2006) · Current Therapeutic Research · doi:10.1016/j.curtheres.2006.10.001 · Cited by 26
Elevated neurofilament light chain (NFL) mRNA levels in prediabetic peripheral neuropathy
Çelikbilek, A., Tanık, N., Sabah, S., Börekçi, E., Akyol, L., Ak, H., Adam, M., Süher, M., & Yılmaz, N. (2014) · Molecular Biology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11033-014-3270-y · Cited by 25
“IGT-related neuropathy is phenotypically similar to early diabetic neuropathy with prominent early involvement of the small unmyelinated nerve fibers that carry pain, temperature and autonomic function [2, 7, 8].”
Background
Sudomotor Function as a Tool for Cardiorespiratory Fitness Level Evaluation: Comparison with Maximal Exercise Capacity
Räisänen, A. M., Eklund, J., Calvet, J., & Tuomilehto, J. (2014) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph110605839 · Cited by 25
“There is evidence to suggest that sudomotor dysfunction due to small-fiber injury may develop early in metabolic diseases such as diabetes and can be detected even in people with metabolic syndrome whose glucose level may only be slightly elevated [17].”
Background
Corneal Confocal Microscopy as a Quantitative Imaging Biomarker of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: A Review
Cosmo, E., Midena, G., Frizziero, L., Bruno, M., Cecere, M., & Midena, E. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm11175130 · Cited by 26
“An objective evaluation of small nerve fiber damage, which is an earlier indicator of peripheral neuropathy whereas large fiber deterioration develops later, can be conducted by means of sural nerve or skin biopsy, nevertheless, these techniques are invasive and non-repeatable [60,61].”
Background
Animal Models of Diabetes-Induced Neuropathic Pain
Lee-Kubli, C. A., Mixcoatl-Zecuatl, T., Jolivalt, C. G., & Calcutt, N. A. (2014) · Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2014_280 · Cited by 26
Rare neurologic complication of bariatric surgery: acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN), a severe motor axonal form of the Guillain Barré syndrome
Landais, A. F. (2014) · Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.soard.2014.02.019 · Cited by 25
“Moreover, post-BS polyneuropathies often occur in context of a metabolic syndrome and of insulin resistance that might affect peripheral nerves [9,10,11].”
Background
Skin biopsy in painful and immune‐mediated neuropathies
Lauria, G., & Lombardi, R. (2012) · Journal of the Peripheral Nervous System · doi:10.1111/j.1529-8027.2012.00430.x · Cited by 25
“For example, prospective studies have shown that 20%–44% of patients with formerly idiopathic SFN develop impaired glucose tolerance or even diabetes over time (Sumner et al., 2003; Devigili et al., 2008).”
Background
Another tool for the neurologist's toolbox
McArthur, J. C., & Griffin, J. W. (2005) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.20383 · Cited by 25
Self-citation
Peripheral sensory neuropathy in type 2 diabetes patients: A case control study in Accra, Ghana
Yeboah, K., Puplampu, P., Boima, V., Antwi, D. A., Gyan, B., & Amoah, A. G. B. (2016) · Journal of Clinical & Translational Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.jcte.2016.07.001 · Cited by 24
Tumor necrosis factor alpha in peripheral neuropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Sheikh, W. M. E., Alahmar, I. E., Salem, G. M., & El-Sheikh, M. A. (2019) · The Egyptian Journal of Neurology Psychiatry and Neurosurgery · doi:10.1186/s41983-019-0080-0 · Cited by 23
Quantitative assessment of early biomechanical modifications in diabetic foot patients: the role of foot kinematics and step width
Lamola, G., Venturi, M., Martelli, D., Iacopi, E., Fanciullacci, C., Coppelli, A., Rossi, B., Piaggesi, A., & Chisari, C. (2015) · Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1186/s12984-015-0093-6 · Cited by 25
“Typically, it is a sensorimotor, symmetric and distal neuropathy and may include symptoms like pain and autonomic dysfunctions [3].”
Case 16-2004
Amato, A. A., & Oaklander, A. L. (2004) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmcpc049005 · Cited by 25
“Singleton et al., 2001 5 33* 64 (44–92) 20 (61) 7 (21) 13 (39) Novella et al., 2001 6 28* 64 (41–82) 18 (64) 10 (36) 8 (29) Sumner et al., 2003 7 73 61 (44–91) 41 (56) 26 (36) 15 (21) Downloaded from www.nejm.org at MASS GENERAL HOSP on May 26, 2004.”
Nerve Conduction Studies of Peripheral Motor and Sensory Nerves in the Subjects With Prediabetes
Rathi, N., Taksande, B., & Kumar, S. (2019) · Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.14740/jem602 · Cited by 24
Corneal Confocal Microscopy Detects Early Nerve Regeneration in Diabetic Neuropathy After Simultaneous Pancreas and Kidney Transplantation
Tavakoli, M., Mitu-Pretorian, M., Petropoulos, I. N., Fadavi, H., Asghar, O., Alam, U., Ponirakis, G., Jeziorska, M., Marshall, A., Efron, N., et al. (2012) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db12-0574 · Cited by 27
“Nerve fiber morphology in sural nerve biopsies (16) and IENFD in skin-punch biopsies (17) can accurately quantify nerve fiber damage and repair, but both are invasive procedures.”
Background
Metabolic Syndrome in Small Fiber Sensory Neuropathy
Zhou, L., Li, J., Ontaneda, D., & Sperling, J. (2011) · Journal of Clinical Neuromuscular Disease · doi:10.1097/cnd.0b013e3182196e3c · Cited by 26
Hyperglycemia‐ and neuropathy‐induced changes in mitochondria within sensory nerves
Hamid, H. S., Mervak, C. M., Münch, A. E., Robell, N. J., Hayes, J. M., Porzio, M. T., Singleton, J. R., Smith, A. G., Feldman, E. L., & Lentz, S. I. (2014) · Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology · doi:10.1002/acn3.119 · Cited by 25
Insulin resistance is associated with skeletal muscle weakness in COPD
Wells, C. E., Polkey, M. I., & Baker, E. H. (2015) · Respirology · doi:10.1111/resp.12716 · Cited by 25
SFN-SIQ, SFNSL and skin biopsy of 55 cases with small fibre involvement
Sun, B., Li, Y., Liu, L., Chen, Z., Ling, L., Yang, F., Liu, J., Liu, H., & Huang, X. (2017) · International Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/00207454.2017.1398152 · Cited by 27
The influence of age, anthropometric and metabolic variables on LDIFLARE and corneal confocal microscopy in healthy individuals
Sharma, S., Tobin, V., Vas, P. R. J., Malik, R. A., & Rayman, G. A. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0193452 · Cited by 24
Glucose metabolism in the idiopathic blepharoptosis: Utility of the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) and of the Insulin Resistance Index
Bosco, D., Costa, R., Plastino, M., Branca, D., Cotronei, P., Sperlì, T., Santacroce, N., Siniscalchi, A., Consoli, D., Ceccotti, C., et al. (2009) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jns.2009.03.017 · Cited by 24
Peripheral neuropathic changes in pachyonychia congenita
Pan, B., Byrnes, K., Schwartz, M. E., Hansen, C. D., Campbell, C. M., Krupiczojc, M. A., Caterina, M. J., & Polydefkis, M. J. (2016) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000711 · Cited by 24
Self-citation
Inhibitory effects of Salvianolic acid B on apoptosis of Schwann cells and its mechanism induced by intermittent high glucose
Sun, L.-Q., Xue, B., Li, X.-J., Wang, X., Qu, L., Zhang, T., Zhao, J., Wang, B., Xiao-man, Z., Mu, Y., et al. (2011) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2011.10.001 · Cited by 23
“But there is insufficient information on its protective properties in cellular model of DPN.”
BackgroundInfluential
Selegiline reduces adiposity induced by high‐fat, high‐sucrose diet in male rats
Nagy, C. T., Koncsos, G., Varga, Z. V., Baranyai, T., Tuza, S., Kassai, F., Ernyey, A. J., Gyertyán, I., Király, K. P., Oláh, A., et al. (2018) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/bph.14437 · Cited by 23
“However, the metabolic syndrome, including prediabetes can induce peripheral prediabetic neuropathy before progression to clinical Type 2 diabetes (Novella et al., 2001; Sumner et al., 2003).”
Background
Peripheral nerve functions may deteriorate parallel to the progression of microangiopathy in diabetic patients
Ogawa, K., Sasaki, H., Yamasaki, H., Okamoto, K., Matsuno, S., Shono, T., Doi, T., Arimoto, K., Furuta, H., Nishi, M., et al. (2005) · Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2005.06.003 · Cited by 23
Thermal Threshold: Research Study on Small Fiber Dysfunction in Distal Diabetic Polyneuropathy
Jiménez-Cohl, P., Grekin, C., Leyton, C., Vargas, C., & Villaseca, R. (2012) · Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology · doi:10.1177/193229681200600122 · Cited by 23
New approach to corneal nerve fibers morphometry in diabetes mellitus on the basis of confocal biomicroscopy
Sé, A., Novikov, I. A., Махотин, С. С., & Сурнина, З. В. (2015) · Russian Annals of Ophthalmology · doi:10.17116/oftalma201513145-14 · Cited by 22
Insulin initiation and intensification in patients with T2DM for the primary care physician
Unger, J. R. (2011) · Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity · doi:10.2147/dmso.s14653 · Cited by 22
“Fifty-six percent of patients were found to have abnormal oral glucose tolerance testing results, including 26 with IGT and 15 with clinical diabetes.(13) Other potentially harmful consequences associated with chronic hyperglycemia include oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, insulin resistance, hypertension, an…”
TNF-Alpha in Peripheral Neuropathy Patients with Impaired Glucose Regulation
Li, X., Zhu, J., Liu, N., Liu, J., & Zhang, Z. (2017) · Journal of Diabetes Research · doi:10.1155/2017/7024024 · Cited by 23
“, where it was shown that nerve function may be affected by this cytokine level [19, 20].”
Background
Assessment of small fiber neuropathy to predict future risk of type 2 diabetes
Müller, G., Parfentyeva, E., Olschewsky, J., Bornstein, S. R., & Schwarz, P. E. H. (2013) · Primary care diabetes · doi:10.1016/j.pcd.2013.08.001 · Cited by 22
“[8] C.”
Background
Association between insulin resistance, lean mass and muscle torque/force in proximal versus distal body parts in healthy young men.
Gysel, T., Calders, P., Cambier, D. C., de Mettelinge, T. R., Jm, K., Taes, Y., Zmierczak, H., & Goemaere, S. (2014) · PubMed · Cited by 21
Is there cardiac autonomic neuropathy in prediabetes?
Zilliox, L. A., & Russell, J. W. (2020) · Autonomic Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.autneu.2020.102722 · Cited by 23
Small-Fiber Neuropathy: An Etiology-Oriented Review
Furia, A., Liguori, R., & Donadio, V. (2025) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci15020158 · Cited by 20
“Even stages of prediabetes, characterized by impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance, are associated with SFN [40].”
Influential
Impact of high dose n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid treatment on measures of microvascular function and vibration perception in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: results from the randomised WELCOME trial
McCormick, K. G., Scorletti, E., Bhatia, L. S., Calder, P. C., Griffin, M. J., Clough, G. F., & Byrne, C. D. (2015) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-015-3628-2 · Cited by 20
“These authors additionally reported that diabetes duration was negatively associated with epidermal denervation, an early event in people with diabetes [45].”
Background
Algal metabolites: Paving the way towards new generation antidiabetic therapeutics
Kaushik, A., Sangtani, R., Parmar, H. S., & Bala, K. (2022) · Algal Research · doi:10.1016/j.algal.2022.102904 · Cited by 21
Relationship between deep and superficial sensitivity assessments and gait analysis in diabetic foot patients
Sempere‐Bigorra, M., Brognara, L., Julían-Rochina, I., Mazzotti, A., & Cauli, O. (2023) · International Wound Journal · doi:10.1111/iwj.14178 · Cited by 20
Combining cutaneous silent periods with quantitative sudomotor axon reflex testing in the assessment of diabetic small fiber neuropathy
Kamel, J. T., Vogrin, S. J., Knight-Sadler, R., Willems, N. K., Seiderer, L., Cook, M. J., MacIsaac, R. J., & Roberts, L. J. (2014) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2014.09.011 · Cited by 20
“It is now recognized that symptoms can also develop during even the early phases of glycemic dysregulation, prior to the onset of clinically detectable diabetes (Sumner et al., 2003).”
Background
Effect of High-Fat Diet on Peripheral Neuropathy in C57BL/6 Mice
Xu, L., Tang, D., Guan, M., Xie, C., & Xue, Y. (2014) · International Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1155/2014/305205 · Cited by 21
“Furthermore, a growing body of evidence is emerging with respect to the development of peripheral neuropathy in the prediabetic stage in clinical [6, 7] and experimental studies [8, 9].”
Background
No Difference in Small or Large Nerve Fiber Function Between Individuals With Normal Glucose Tolerance and Impaired Glucose Tolerance
Pourhamidi, K., Dahlin, L. B., Englund, E., & Rolandsson, O. (2013) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc12-1331 · Cited by 21
“In addition, it has been reported that there is a loss of IENFD in individuals with IGT (14, 15) suggestive of small nerve fiber dysfunction being present in a pre-diabetic stage.”
Background
Disrupted Sleep and Delayed Recovery from Chronic Peripheral Neuropathy Are Distinct Phenotypes in a Rat Model of Metabolic Syndrome
Muncey, A. R., Saulles, A., Koch, L. G., Britton, S. L., Baghdoyan, H. A., & Lydic, R. (2010) · Anesthesiology · doi:10.1097/aln.0b013e3181f56248 · Cited by 21
Utility of the cutaneous silent period in patients with diabetes mellitus
Kim, B., Kim, N. H., Kim, S. G., Roh, H., Park, H.-R., Park, M. H., Park, K. W., Cho, S. C., & So, Y. T. (2010) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jns.2010.03.032 · Cited by 19
Relations between Metabolic Homeostasis, Diet, and Peripheral Afferent Neuron Biology
Dunn, T. N., & Adams, S. H. (2014) · Advances in Nutrition · doi:10.3945/an.113.005439 · Cited by 19
Loss of Corneal Sensory Nerve Fibers in SIV-Infected Macaques
Dorsey, J. L., Mangus, L. M., Oakley, J. D., Beck, S. E., Kelly, K. M., Queen, S. E., Pate, K. A. M., Adams, R. J., Marfurt, C. F., & Mankowski, J. L. (2014) · American Journal Of Pathology · doi:10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.02.009 · Cited by 19
Tool Chest
Παπάνας, Ν., Papatheodorou, K., Papazoglou, D., Christakidis, D., Monastiriotis, C., & Maltezos, E. S. (2007) · The Science of Diabetes Self-Management and Care · doi:10.1177/0145721707299661 · Cited by 18
Corneal confocal microscopy as a non-invasive test to assess diabetic peripheral neuropathy
Xiong, Q., Lü, B., Ye, H., Liu, S., Zheng, H., Zhang, R., Qiao, X., Zhang, S., Liu, X., Li, Q., et al. (2017) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2017.11.026 · Cited by 19
Awareness of Prediabetes and Diabetes among Persons with Clinical Depression
Rosedale, M. T., Strauss, S. M., Knight, C., & Malaspina, D. (2015) · International Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1155/2015/839152 · Cited by 18
“Awareness of Prediabetes and Diabetes among Persons with”
Background
Evaluation of EZSCAN as a screening tool for impaired glucose metabolism
Chen, L., Chen, X.-L., Ding, R., Shi, Q.-T., & Hu, D. (2013) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2013.03.001 · Cited by 20
“[8] Sumner CJ, Sheth S, Griffin JW, Cornblath DR, Polydefkis M.”
Background
Correlation of retinal neurodegeneration with measures of peripheral autonomic neuropathy in type 1 diabetes
Pemp, B., Palkovits, S., Howorka, K., Pumprla, J., Sacu, S., Garhöfer, G., Bayerle‐Eder, M., Schmetterer, L. F., & Schmidt-Erfurth, U. M. (2018) · Acta Ophthalmologica · doi:10.1111/aos.13733 · Cited by 18
“Currently, there is evidence that small myelinated and unmyelinated fibres may be affected earlier than large fibres (Guy et al. 1985; Hendriksen et al. 1993; Sumner et al. 2003).”
Background
A Case of Autoimmune Small Fiber Neuropathy as Possible Post COVID Sequelae
Panagiotides, N. G., Zimprich, F., Machold, K. P., Schlager, O., Müller, M. M., Ertl, S., Löffler‐Stastka, H., Koppensteiner, R., & Wadowski, P. P. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20064918 · Cited by 18
“However, one of the main causes of SFN is diabetes [1,50], which was not present in our patient.”
Background
Acupuncture in diabetic peripheral neuropathy-neurological outcomes of the randomized acupuncture in diabetic peripheral neuropathy trial
Hörder, S., Habermann, I. V., Hahn, K., Meyer‐Hamme, G., Ortiz, M., Grabowska, W. A., Roll, S., Willich, S. N., Schröder, S., Brinkhaus, B., et al. (2023) · World Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.4239/wjd.v14.i12.1813 · Cited by 18
Measurement of Cooling Detection Thresholds for Identification of Diabetic Sensorimotor Polyneuropathy in Type 1 Diabetes
Lysy, Z., Lovblom, L. E., Halpern, E. M., Ngo, M., Ng, E., Orszag, A., Breiner, A., Bril, V., & Perkins, B. A. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0106995 · Cited by 19
“The hypothesis on the pathophysiology and progression of DSP in subjects with diabetes is that nerve fiber damage is progressive and affects small thinly myelinated Ad and unmyelinated C fibers at the onset.[6,11] By virtue of this hypothesis, there may exist a subset of subjects who have established evidence of nerve…”
BackgroundInfluential
Recent clinical advances in diabetic polyneuropathy
Horowitz, S. H. (2006) · Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology · doi:10.1097/01.aco.0000245287.37905.c5 · Cited by 17
Point-of-Care HbA1c Testing With the A1cNow Test Kit in General Practice Dental Clinics
Strauss, S. M., Rosedale, M. T., Pesce, M. A., Juterbock, C. M., Kaur, N., DePaola, J., Goetz, D. M., Wolff, M. S., Malaspina, D., & Danoff, A. (2014) · Point of Care The Journal of Near-Patient Testing & Technology · doi:10.1097/poc.0000000000000039 · Cited by 18
Impaired Nociception in the Diabetic Ins2+/Akita Mouse
Vastani, N., Guenther, F., Gentry, C., Austin, A. L. F., King, A., Bevan, S., & Andersson, D. A. (2018) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db17-1306 · Cited by 19
“Reduced Cutaneous Innervation in Diabetic Ins2 Mice Diabetic neuropathy is accompanied by a loss of IENFs in patients and in animal models of diabetes, a feature that is frequently used as a diagnostic tool in various small-fiber neuropathies (25,32,33).”
Background
Challenges in Diabetic Micro-Complication Management: Focus on Diabetic Neuropathy
Ansari, P., Hannan, J. M. A., Azam, S., & Jakaria, M. (2021) · International Journal of Translational Medicine · doi:10.3390/ijtm1030013 · Cited by 18
“The early sign of neuropathy progression is the involvement of small-nerve-fibers [26].”
Background
The Impact of Low-Dose Insulin on Peripheral Nerve Insulin Receptor Signaling in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats
Sugimoto, K., Baba, M., Suzuki, S., & Yagihashi, S. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0074247 · Cited by 18
“In humans, IENFD decreases in the early period of type 2 diabetes or even in prediabetes [45-48].”
Background
The Efficacy of Pregabalin in the Treatment of Prediabetic Neuropathic Pain
González‐Duarte, A., Lem‐Carrillo, M., Díaz‐Díaz, E., Castillo, C., & Cárdenas‐Soto, K. (2015) · Clinical Journal of Pain · doi:10.1097/ajp.0000000000000339 · Cited by 17
Microangiopathy—A Potential Contributing Factor to Idiopathic Polyneuropathy: A Mini Review
Samuelsson, K., & Press, R. (2018) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2018.00043 · Cited by 18
“Several studies [including one controlled study (13)] have designated impaired glucose tolerance as a strong risk factor for idiopathic sensory neuropathy (12, 13, 15, 18, 19, 24).”
Background
Mitochondrial damage and “plugging” of transport selectively in myelinated, small-diameter axons are major early events in peripheral neuroinflammation
Sajic, M., Ida, K. K., Canning, R., Gregson, N. A., Duchen, M. R., & Smith, K. J. (2018) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-018-1094-8 · Cited by 19
Peripheral Neuropathy With Impaired Glucose Tolerance
Kissel, J. T. (2006) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.63.8.1055 · Cited by 18
Small Fiber Neuropathies
Griffin, J. W. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-28753-4_4033 · Cited by 18
Self-citation
Treatment of Diabetic Neuropathy with A Novel PAR1-Targeting Molecule
Stein, E. S., Gofrit, S. G., Alexandra, G., Teldan, Y., Ron, A., Bandora, E. A., Golderman, V., Gera, O., Harnof, S., Chapman, J., et al. (2020) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom10111552 · Cited by 16
“This indicates that the small (unmyelinated sensory) fiber loss as detected in skin precedes the loss of large (motor) axons determined by CMAP amplitude, consistent with small fiber neuropathy which occurs early in the course of diabetic polyneuropathy [3].”
Background
Vascular and Neural Dysfunctions in Obese Zucker Rats: Effect of AVE7688
Davidson, E. P., Coppey, L. J., Kleinschmidt, T. L., Oltman, C. L., & Yorek, M. A. (2009) · Experimental Diabetes Research · doi:10.1155/2009/912327 · Cited by 17
Transcutaneous nerve stimulation versus aerobic exercise in diabetic neuropathy
Elhabashy, H. R., Serry, Z. H., Mossa, G., Elsayed, S., Elhadidy, R., Azmy, R. M., & Mokhtar, A. (2016) · The Egyptian Journal of Neurology Psychiatry and Neurosurgery · doi:10.4103/1110-1083.183449 · Cited by 17
MR Micro-Neurography and a Segmentation Protocol Applied to Diabetic Neuropathy
Felisaz, P. F., Maugeri, G., Busi, V., Vitale, R., Balducci, F., Gitto, S., Leporati, P., Pichiecchio, A., Baldi, M., Calliada, F., et al. (2017) · Radiology Research and Practice · doi:10.1155/2017/2761818 · Cited by 17
Evaluation of small nerve fiber dysfunction in type 2 diabetes
Ekman, L., Thrainsdottir, S., Englund, E. M., Thomsen, N., Rosén, I., Hazer, D. B., Petersson, J., Eriksson, K., & Dahlin, L. B. (2019) · Acta Neurologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/ane.13171 · Cited by 18
Mechanisms of small nerve fiber pathology
Gross, F., & Üçeyler, N. (2020) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135316 · Cited by 20
American College of Endocrinology Pre-Diabetes Consensus Conference: Part One
Bloomgarden, Z. T. (2008) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc08-zb10 · Cited by 17
Clinical and diagnostic features of small fiber damage in diabetic polyneuropathy
Javed, S., Petropoulos, I. N., Tavakoli, M., & Malik, R. A. (2014) · Handbook of clinical neurology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-53480-4.00019-9 · Cited by 17
Clinical and electrophysiological correlations in type 2 diabetes mellitus at diagnosis
Rota, E., Quadri, R., Fanti, E., Poglio, F., Paolasso, I., Ciaramitaro, P., Cossa, F. M., & Cocito, D. (2006) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2006.07.027 · Cited by 17
Review: Novel insights on diagnosis, cause and treatment of diabetic neuropathy: focus on painful diabetic neuropathy
Tavakoli, M., Asghar, O., Alam, U., Petropoulos, I. N., Fadavi, H., & Malik, R. A. (2010) · Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1177/2042018810370954 · Cited by 18
“2005, 2001] or skin-punch [Smith et al. 2005; Sumner et al. 2003] biopsies,”
Background
Determination of nerve conduction abnormalities in patients with impaired glucose tolerance
Şahin, Ş., Karşıdağ, S., Ayalp, S., Şengül, A. M., Us, Ö., & Karşıdağ, K. (2009) · Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1007/s10072-009-0089-8 · Cited by 17
“Although its reproducibility is good, it is relatively insensitive to the small fiber neuropathy characteristic of IGT [11, 43].”
A comparison of sural nerve conduction studies in patients with impaired oral glucose tolerance test
Koçer, A., Domaç, F. M., Boylu, E., Us, Ö., & Tanrıdağ, T. (2007) · Acta Neurologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0404.2007.00886.x · Cited by 17
“(4) studied a group of patients who did not complain of pain.”
BackgroundResult
The role of Sudoscan feet asymmetry in the diabetic foot
Gatev, T., Gateva, A., Assyov, Y. S., Nacheva, S., Petrova, J., Poromanski, I., & Kamenov, Z. A. (2019) · Primary care diabetes · doi:10.1016/j.pcd.2019.05.003 · Cited by 16
Value of shear wave elastography combined with the Toronto clinical scoring system in diagnosis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy
Wang, F., Zheng, M., Hu, J., Fang, C., Chen, T., Wang, M., Zhang, H., Zhu, Y., Song, X. Y., & Ma, Q. (2021) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000027104 · Cited by 16
The Evaluation of Chronic Axonal Polyneuropathies
Mauermann, M. L., & Burns, T. M. (2008) · Seminars in Neurology · doi:10.1055/s-2008-1062270 · Cited by 17
“velocity, peroneal nerve velocity, and electromyographic change.(42) There was also a trend toward a shorter duration of symptoms.”
Background
Changes in epidermal thickness and cutaneous innervation during maturation in long-term diabetes
Kadić, A. J., Borić, M., Viđak, M., Ferhatović, L., & Puljak, L. (2013) · Journal of Tissue Viability · doi:10.1016/j.jtv.2013.11.002 · Cited by 16
Impact of Normoglycemia in Reducing Microvascular Complications in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Follow-Up Study
Ishibashi, F., & Tavakoli, M. (2018) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2018.00052 · Cited by 16
“1 mm); and (5) bead size (BS) (μm2) determined after enlarging five times and smoothing the original image of CCM using S-Spline Max algorithm (PhotoZoomPro4, Gungle Inc.”
BackgroundMethod
Validity of a point-of-care nerve conduction device for polyneuropathy identification in older adults with diabetes: Results from the Canadian Study of Longevity in Type 1 Diabetes
Scarr, D., Lovblom, L. E., Cardinez, N., Orszag, A., Farooqi, M. A., Boulet, G., Weisman, A., Lovshin, J. A., Ngo, M., Paul, N., et al. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0196647 · Cited by 16
Epidermal innervation in diabetes
Ebenezer, G. J., & Polydefkis, M. J. (2014) · Handbook of clinical neurology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-53480-4.00020-5 · Cited by 16
Self-citation
Complications of Diabetes Mellitus
Brownlee, M., Aiello, L. P., Cooper, M. E., Vinik, A. I., Nesto, R. W., & Boulton, A. J. M. (2011) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4377-0324-5.00033-x · Cited by 16

Authors: Sumner, C. J., Sheth, S., Griffin, J. W., Cornblath, D. R., & Polydefkis, M.
Affiliations: Johns Hopkins University (US)
ORCID: Sumner, C.J.
Cornblath, D.R.
Polydefkis, M.
Venue: Neurology
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published: 2003-01-14
Volume: 60
Issue: 1
Pages: 108-111
ISSN: 0028-3878 (ISSN-L)
1526-632X
DOI: 10.1212/wnl.60.1.108
OpenAlex: W1978686107
Cited by: 708
References: 25
Citations by year: 2026: 9 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 30 · 2019: 26 · 2018: 27 · 2017: 35 · 2016: 37 · 2015: 42 · 2014: 53 · 2013: 43 · 2012: 40
FWCI: 21.43
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Neurology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (5k23ns041374-04)
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (K23NS41374-01)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Peripheral Neuropathies and Disorders
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Pain Mechanisms and Treatments
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Hereditary Neurological Disorders
Keywords: diabetic peripheral neuropathy, impaired glucose tolerance, oral glucose tolerance test, small fiber neuropathy, intraepidermal nerve fiber density, nerve conduction velocity, sural nerve, neuropathic pain, neuropathy classification
MeSH terms: Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Blood Glucose, Cell Count, Diabetic Nephropathies, Electrodiagnosis, Electromyography, Epidermis, Female, Glucose Tolerance Test, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Nerve Fibers, Neural Conduction, Pain Measurement, Peripheral Nervous System Diseases, Sural Nerve, Cell Size

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

The spectrum of neuropathy in diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks