The DOI matches its Crossref record; 18 of the 18 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Permutation Methods: A Basis for Exact Inference
Open accessAbstract
The use of permutation methods for exact inference dates back to Fisher in 1935. Since then, the practicality of such methods has increased steadily with computing power. They can now easily be employed in many situations without concern for computing difficulties. We discuss the reasoning behind these methods and describe situations when they are exact and distribution-free. We illustrate their use in several examples.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
R: A Language for Data Analysis and Graphics
Ihaka, R., & Gentleman, R. (1996) · Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics · doi:10.1080/10618600.1996.10474713 · Cited by 11,220
Fisher, R. A. (1936) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.1.3923.554-a · Cited by 4,980
Randomization, Bootstrap and Monte Carlo Methods in Biology
Manly, B. F. J. (2018) · Chapman & Hall/CRC eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781315273075 · Cited by 4,194
Nonparametrics: Statistical Methods Based on Ranks
Mergenthaler, M. J., & Lehmann, E. L. (1979) · Technometrics · doi:10.2307/1268531 · Cited by 3,329
Edgington, E., Edgington, E., & Onghena, P. (2007) · doi:10.1201/9781420011814 · Cited by 2,030
Edgington, E. S. (2004) · Encyclopedia of Statistical Sciences · doi:10.1002/0471667196.ess2169 · Cited by 2,028
Distribution-Free Statistical Tests
Bell, C. B. (1970) · Technometrics · doi:10.1080/00401706.1970.10488744 · Cited by 1,695
Modified Randomization Tests for Nonparametric Hypotheses
Dwass, M. (1957) · The Annals of Mathematical Statistics · doi:10.1214/aoms/1177707045 · Cited by 737
Significance Tests Which May be Applied to Samples from Any Populations
Pitman, E. J. G. (1937) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B: Statistical Methodology · doi:10.2307/2984124 · Cited by 729
PITMAN, E. J. G. (1938) · Biometrika · doi:10.1093/biomet/29.3-4.322 · Cited by 328
Cited by
Nonparametric statistical testing of EEG- and MEG-data
Maris, E., & Oostenveld, R. (2007) · Journal of Neuroscience Methods · doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2007.03.024 · Cited by 8,496
Permutation inference for the general linear model
Winkler, A. M., Ridgway, G. R., Webster, M. A., Smith, S. M., & Nichols, T. E. (2014) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.01.060 · Cited by 3,563
A Lego System for Conditional Inference
Hothorn, T., Hornik, K., van de Wiel, M. A., & Zeileis, A. (2006) · The American Statistician · doi:10.1198/000313006x118430 · Cited by 892
Phipson, B., & Smyth, G. K. (2010) · Statistical Applications in Genetics and Molecular Biology · doi:10.2202/1544-6115.1585 · Cited by 712
Simonsohn, U., Simmons, J. P., & Nelson, L. D. (2020) · Nature Human Behaviour · doi:10.1038/s41562-020-0912-z · Cited by 651
Metadata
- Authors
- Ernst, M. D.
- Venue
- Statistical Science
- Publisher
- Institute of Mathematical Statistics
- Published
- 2004-11-01
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 676-685
- ISSN
- 0883-4237 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2026593185
- Cited by
- 802
- References
- 18
- FWCI
- 2.95
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Permutation Methods: A Basis for Exact Inference. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1214/088342304000000396
- The paper
- Ernst, M. D. (2004). Permutation Methods: A Basis for Exact Inference. Statistical Science. https://doi.org/10.1214/088342304000000396
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.