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The Efficiency of Some Nonparametric Competitors of the $t$-Test

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Hodges, J. L., Lehmann, E. L.·1956·The Annals of Mathematical Statistics

Abstract

Consider samples from continuous distributions $F(x)$ and $F(x - \theta)$. We may test the hypothesis $\theta = 0$ by using the two-sample Wilcoxon test. We show in Section 1 that its asymptotic Pitman efficiency, relative to the $t$-test, never falls below 0.864. This result also holds for the Kruskal-Wallis test compared with the $F$-test, and for testing the location parameter of a single symmetric distribution. A number of alternative notions of asymptotic efficiency are compared in Section 2. In this connection, certain difficulties arise because power is not necessarily a convex function of sample size. As an alternative to the Pitman notion of asymptotic efficiency, we consider in Section 3 one based on the speed with which power at a fixed alternative tends to 1. In particular we obtain, for the sign test relative to the $t$ in normal populations, the limit as $n \rightarrow \infty$ of the sequence of power efficiency functions. It is noted that certain interchanges of limit passages are not always possible.

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Metadata

Authors
Hodges, J. L., & Lehmann, E. L.
Venue
The Annals of Mathematical Statistics
Published
1956-06
Volume
27
Issue
2
Pages
324-335
ISSN
0003-4851 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2171481228
Cited by
587
References
8
FWCI
6.26
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
bronze

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The Efficiency of Some Nonparametric Competitors of the $t$-Test. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1214/aoms/1177728261
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Hodges, J. L., & Lehmann, E. L. (1956). The Efficiency of Some Nonparametric Competitors of the $t$-Test. The Annals of Mathematical Statistics. https://doi.org/10.1214/aoms/1177728261

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