Cited by 6,033Statistical Methods and InferenceProbability and Statistical ResearchStatistical Methods and Bayesian Inference

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 34 of the 34 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Bootstrap Methods for Standard Errors, Confidence Intervals, and Other Measures of Statistical Accuracy

Open access

Efron, B., Tibshirani, R.·1986·Statistical Science

DOI 10.1214/ss/1177013815

Open this paper in CoChat — free account Open PDF

Abstract

This is a review of bootstrap methods, concentrating on basic ideas and applications rather than theoretical considerations. It begins with an exposition of the bootstrap estimate of standard error for one-sample situations. Several examples, some involving quite complicated statistical procedures, are given. The bootstrap is then extended to other measures of statistical accuracy such as bias and prediction error, and to complicated data structures such as time series, censored data, and regression models. Several more examples are presented illustrating these ideas. The last third of the paper deals mainly with bootstrap confidence intervals.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1214/ss/1177013815

Cites

34 of 34 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Nonparametric Estimation from Incomplete Observations
Kaplan, E. L., & Meier, P. (1992) · Springer series in statistics · doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-4380-9_25 · Cited by 45,239
Regression Models and Life-Tables
Cox, D. R. (1992) · Springer Series in Statistics · doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-4380-9_37 · Cited by 26,297
Bootstrap methods: another look at the jackknife
Efron, B. (1979) · The Annals of Statistics · doi:10.1214/aos/1176344552 · Cited by 17,602
Self-citation
An Analysis of Transformations
Box, G. E. P., & Cox, D. R. (1964) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B (Statistical Methodology) · doi:10.1111/j.2517-6161.1964.tb00553.x · Cited by 15,287
Linear Statistical Inference and its Applications
Rao, C. R. (1973) · Wiley series in probability and statistics · doi:10.1002/9780470316436 · Cited by 10,474
Continuous Univariate Distributions.
Omori, Y., Johnson, N. L., Kotz, S., & Balakrishnan, N. (1995) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.2307/2291547 · Cited by 9,085
The Jackknife, the Bootstrap and Other Resampling Plans
Efron, B. (1982) · Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics eBooks · doi:10.1137/1.9781611970319 · Cited by 8,120
Self-citation
Linear Statistical Inference and Its Applications.
Robertson, C., & Rao, C. R. (1975) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2529568 · Cited by 3,639
Better Bootstrap Confidence Intervals
Efron, B. (1987) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.1080/01621459.1987.10478410 · Cited by 3,462
Self-citation
A leisurely look at the bootstrap, the jackknife, and cross-validation
Efron, B., & Gong, G. (1983) · The American Statistician · doi:10.1080/00031305.1983.10483087 · Cited by 3,229
Self-citation

Show all 34 references

Sorted by citations

Items 301–400 of 1,024

Integrating dispositions, signatures, and the interpersonal domain.
Fournier, M. A., Moskowitz, D. S., & Zuroff, D. C. (2008) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.94.3.531 · Cited by 196
Finite mixture modelling using the skew normal distribution
Lin, T., Lee, J. C., & Yen, S. Y. (2007) · Cited by 195
A Blood-Based Proteomic Classifier for the Molecular Characterization of Pulmonary Nodules
Li, X., Hayward, C., Fong, P.-Y., Dominguez, M., Hunsucker, S. W., Lee, L. W., McLean, M. A., Law, S. M., Butler, H., Schirm, M., et al. (2013) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.3007013 · Cited by 192
The promise of prevention: the effects of four preventable risk factors on national life expectancy and life expectancy disparities by race and county in the United States.
Danaei, G., Rimm, E. B., Oza, S., Kulkarni, S. C., Murray, C. J. L., & Ezzati, M. (2010) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000248 · Cited by 191
A seismological overview of the induced earthquakes in the Duvernay play near Fox Creek, Alberta
Schultz, R., Wang, R., Gu, Y. J., Haug, K., & Atkinson, G. M. (2016) · Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth · doi:10.1002/2016jb013570 · Cited by 191
The role of obesity in exceptionally slow US mortality improvement
Preston, S. H., Vierboom, Y. C., & Stokes, A. (2018) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1716802115 · Cited by 194
Task-related activity in prefrontal cortex and its relation to recognition memory performance in young and old adults
GRADY, C., McIntosh, A. R., & Craik, F. I. M. (2005) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2004.12.016 · Cited by 190
Zooarchaeological and taphonomic analysis of the Die Kelders Cave 1 Layers 10 and 11 Middle Stone Age larger mammal fauna
Marean, C. W., Abe, Y., Frey, C. J., & Randall, R. C. (2000) · Journal of Human Evolution · doi:10.1006/jhev.1999.0356 · Cited by 190
Data‐Driven Materials Innovation and Applications
Wang, Z., Sun, Z., Yin, H., Liu, X., Wang, J., Zhao, H., Pang, C. H., Wu, T., Li, S., Yin, Z., et al. (2022) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.202104113 · Cited by 204
Neural correlates of the episodic encoding of pictures and words
Grady, C. L., McIntosh, A. R., Rajah, M. N., & Craik, F. I. M. (1998) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.95.5.2703 · Cited by 190
Constrained-Realization Monte-Carlo method for Hypothesis Testing
Theiler, J. P., & Prichard, D. (2007) · Cited by 190
Prediction of Adverse Health Outcomes in Older People Using a Frailty Index Based on Routine Primary Care Data
Drubbel, I., de Wit, N. J., Bleijenberg, N., Eijkemans, M. J. C., Schuurmans, M. J., & Numans, M. E. (2012) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/gls161 · Cited by 198
Risk adjustment of the postoperative morbidity rate for the comparative assessment of the quality of surgical care: results of the National Veterans Affairs Surgical Risk Study.
Daley, J., Khuri, S. F., Henderson, W., Hur, K., Gibbs, J. O., Barbour, G., Demakis, J. G., Irvin, G. L., Stremple, J. F., Grover, F., et al. (1997) · PubMed · Cited by 187
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF A GENE EXPRESSION MICROARRAY EXPERIMENT WITH REPLICATION
Kerr, K. F., Afshari, C. A., Bennett, L., Bushel, P. R., Martinez, J. M., Walker, N. J., & Churchill, G. A. (2002) · Cited by 187
Attention to Stimulus Features Shifts Spectral Tuning of V4 Neurons during Natural Vision
David, S. V., Hayden, B. Y., Mazer, J. A., & Gallant, J. L. (2008) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2008.07.001 · Cited by 192
Comparison of RAPD and RFLP genetic markers in determining genetic similarity among Brassica oleracea L. genotypes
dos Santos, J. B., Nienhuis, J., Skroch, P. W., Tivang, J. G., & Slocum, M. K. (1994) · Theoretical and Applied Genetics · doi:10.1007/bf00225784 · Cited by 186
Contribution of Obesity to International Differences in Life Expectancy
Preston, S. H., & Stokes, A. (2011) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2011.300219 · Cited by 188
The bootstrap for magnetic susceptibility tensors
Constable, C. G., & Tauxe, L. (1990) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/jb095ib06p08383 · Cited by 185
Early predictors of chronic post-traumatic stress disorder in assault survivors
KLEIM, B., EHLERS, A., & GLUCKSMAN, E. (2007) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291707001006 · Cited by 217
A force-generating machinery maintains the spindle at the cell center during mitosis
Garzón-Coral, C., Fantana, H. A., & Howard, J. (2016) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aad9745 · Cited by 184
The Preschool Feelings Checklist: A Brief and Sensitive Screening Measure for Depression in Young Children
Luby, J. L., Heffelfinger, A. K., Koenig, A. L., Brown, K., & Spitznagel, E. L. (2004) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/01.chi.0000121066.29744.08 · Cited by 181
Insight into Mg(BH4)2 with Synchrotron X-ray Diffraction: Structure Revision, Crystal Chemistry, and Anomalous Thermal Expansion
Filinchuk, Y. E., Černý, R., & Hagemann, H. R. (2009) · Chemistry of Materials · doi:10.1021/cm803019e · Cited by 183
Morphine pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in preterm and term neonates: secondary results from the NEOPAIN trial
Anand, K. J. S., Anderson, B. J., Holford, N. H. G., Hall, R. W., Young, T. E., Shephard, B., Desai, N. S., & BARTON, B. A. (2008) · British Journal of Anaesthesia · doi:10.1093/bja/aen248 · Cited by 183
Carbon and Nitrogen Budgets of Four Agro-Ecosystems With Annual and Perennial Crops, With and Without N Fertilization
Paustian, K. H., Andrén, O., Clarholm, M., Hansson, A., Johansson, G., Lagerlöf, J. E., Lindberg, T., Pettersson, R., & Sohlenius, B. (1990) · Journal of Applied Ecology · doi:10.2307/2403568 · Cited by 183
A Survey on Unit Testing Practices and Problems
Daka, E., & Fraser, G. (2014) · Proceedings/Proceedings - International Symposium on Software Reliability Engineering · doi:10.1109/issre.2014.11 · Cited by 182
MSATSI: A MATLAB Package for Stress Inversion Combining Solid Classic Methodology, a New Simplified User-Handling, and a Visualization Tool
Martínez‐Garzón, P., Kwiatek, G., Ickrath, M., & Bohnhoff, M. (2014) · Seismological Research Letters · doi:10.1785/0220130189 · Cited by 182
Constrained-realization Monte-Carlo method for hypothesis testing
Theiler, J. P., & Prichard, D. (1996) · Physica D Nonlinear Phenomena · doi:10.1016/0167-2789(96)00050-4 · Cited by 181
A Critical Time Window for Recovery Extends beyond One-Year Post-Stroke
Ballester, B. R., Maier, M., Duff, A., Cameirão, M., Bermúdez, S., Duarte, E., Cuxart, A., Rodríguez, S., San Segundo Mozo, R. M., & Verschure, P. F. M. J. (2019) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00762.2018 · Cited by 184
The effects of encoding task on age-related differences in the functional neuroanatomy of face memory.
Grady, C. L., Bernstein, L. J., Beig, S., & Siegenthaler, A. L. (2002) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037//0882-7974.17.1.7 · Cited by 181
Biofouling, metal sorption and aggregation are related to sinking of microplastics in a stratified reservoir
Leiser, R., Wu, G., Neu, T. R., & Wendt‐Potthoff, K. (2020) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2020.115748 · Cited by 188
Increased Cerebral Metabolism After 1 Year of Deep Brain Stimulation in Alzheimer Disease
Smith, G. S., Laxton, A. W., Tang‐Wai, D. F., McAndrews, M. P., Diaconescu, A. O., Workman, C. I., & Lozano, A. M. (2012) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneurol.2012.590 · Cited by 180
On the Behavior of Randomization Tests Without a Group Invariance Assumption
Romano, J. P. (1990) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.1080/01621459.1990.10474928 · Cited by 178
Southern African crustal evolution and composition: Constraints from receiver function studies
Nair, S. K., Gao, S. S., Liu, K. H., & Silver, P. G. (2006) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/2005jb003802 · Cited by 176
Influence of obesity on propofol pharmacokinetics: derivation of a pharmacokinetic model
Cortínez, L. I., Anderson, B. J., Antonello Penna, S., Olivares, L., Muñoz, H. R., Holford, N. H. G., Struys, M. M. R. F., & Sepúlveda, P. (2010) · British Journal of Anaesthesia · doi:10.1093/bja/aeq195 · Cited by 176
Information, trading, and volatility
Jones, C. M., Kaul, G., & Lipson, M. L. (1994) · Journal of Financial Economics · doi:10.1016/0304-405x(94)90032-9 · Cited by 176
Multivariate mixture modeling using skew-normal independent distributions
Cabral, C. R. B., Lachos, V. H., & Prates, M. O. (2011) · Computational Statistics & Data Analysis · doi:10.1016/j.csda.2011.06.026 · Cited by 175
Human cortical circuits for central executive function emerge by theta phase synchronization
Mizuhara, H., & Yamaguchi, Y. (2007) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.02.026 · Cited by 184
The Effects of Age on the Neural Correlates of Episodic Encoding
Grady, C. L. (1999) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/9.8.805 · Cited by 179
HIV requires multiple gp120 molecules for CD4-mediated infection
Layne, S. P., Merges, M., Dembo, M., Spouge, J. L., & Nara, P. L. (1990) · Nature · doi:10.1038/346277a0 · Cited by 175
Analyzing the impact of environmental collaboration among supply chain stakeholders on a firm’s sustainable performance
Ahmed, W., Ashraf, M., Khan, S. A., Kusi‐Sarpong, S., Arhin, F. K., Kusi-Sarpong, H., & Najmi, A. (2020) · Operations Management Research · doi:10.1007/s12063-020-00152-1 · Cited by 202
More Efficient Bootstrap Computations
Efron, B. (1990) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.1080/01621459.1990.10475309 · Cited by 174
Self-citation
Diffusion in Fractcal Landscapes: Simulations and Experimental Studies of Tenebrionid Beetle Movements
Johnson, A. R., Milne, B. T., & Wiens, J. A. (1992) · Ecology · doi:10.2307/1941448 · Cited by 174
Pharmacy Refill Adherence Compared with CD4 Count Changes for Monitoring HIV-Infected Adults on Antiretroviral Therapy
Bisson, G. P., Gross, R., Bellamy, S. L., Chittams, J. L., Hislop, M., Regensberg, L., Frank, I., Maartens, G., & Nachega, J. B. (2008) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0050109 · Cited by 171
Moho structure of the Anatolian Plate from receiver function analysis
Vanacore, E. A., Taymaz, T., & Saygin, E. (2013) · Geophysical Journal International · doi:10.1093/gji/ggs107 · Cited by 170
Mantle discontinuity structure beneath the Colorado Rocky Mountains and High Plains
Dueker, K. G., & Sheehan, A. F. (1998) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/97jb03509 · Cited by 170
Shamals and climate variability in the Northern Arabian/Persian Gulf from 1973 to 2012
Senafi, F. A., & Anis, A. (2015) · International Journal of Climatology · doi:10.1002/joc.4302 · Cited by 169
The Location and Sizing of Historical Earthquakes Using the Attenuation of Macroseismic Intensity with Distance
Gasperini, P., Vannucci, G., Tripone, D., & Boschi, E. (2010) · Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America · doi:10.1785/0120090330 · Cited by 169
Randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial of SPf66 malaria vaccine in children in northwestern Thailand
Nosten, F. H., Luxemburger, C., Kyle, D. E., Ballou, W. R., Wittes, J., Wah, E., Chongsuphajaisiddhi, T., Gordon, D. M., White, N. J., SADOFF, J. C., et al. (1996) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(96)04465-0 · Cited by 169
Reducing sea turtle interactions in the Hawaii-based longline swordfish fishery
Gilman, E. L., Kobayashi, D. R., Swenarton, T., Brothers, N., Dalzell, P., & Kinan, I. (2007) · Biological Conservation · doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2007.06.002 · Cited by 168
Can legume companion plants control weeds without decreasing crop yield? A meta-analysis
Verret, V., Gardarin, A., Pelzer, E., Médiène, S., Makowski, D., & Valantin‐Morison, M. (2017) · Field Crops Research · doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2017.01.010 · Cited by 168
Combining point distribution models with shape models based on finite element analysis
Cootes, T. F., & Taylor, C. (1995) · Image and Vision Computing · doi:10.1016/0262-8856(95)99727-i · Cited by 168
Spatial variability of soil water content in the covered catchment at Gårdsjön, Sweden
Nyberg, L. (1996) · Hydrological Processes · doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-1085(199601)10:1 · Cited by 180
Confirmation Bias through Selective Overweighting of Choice-Consistent Evidence
Talluri, B. C., Urai, A. E., Tsetsos, K., Usher, M., & Donner, T. H. (2018) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2018.07.052 · Cited by 182
Making Bootstrap Statistical Inferences: A Tutorial
Zhu, W. (1997) · Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport · doi:10.1080/02701367.1997.10608865 · Cited by 167
Bootstrap Technology and Applications
Léger, C., Politis, D. N., Romano, J. P., & Léger, C. (1992) · Technometrics · doi:10.2307/1268938 · Cited by 167
Interpreting BLEU/NIST Scores: How Much Improvement do We Need to Have a Better System?
Zhang, Y., Vogel, S., & Waibel, A. (2004) · Language Resources and Evaluation Conference (LREC) · doi:10.63317/2qqhpv7hcigk · Cited by 167
Dexmedetomidine pharmacokinetics in pediatric intensive care – a pooled analysis
Potts, A. L., Anderson, B. J., Warman, G. R., Lerman, J., Diaz, S., & Vilo, S. (2009) · Pediatric Anesthesia · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9592.2009.03133.x · Cited by 166
Differences in Earnings between Male and Female Physicians
Baker, L. C. (1996) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199604113341506 · Cited by 166
Determining crustal structure beneath seismic stations overlying a low‐velocity sedimentary layer using receiver functions
Yu, Y., Song, J., Liu, K. H., & Gao, S. S. (2015) · Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth · doi:10.1002/2014jb011610 · Cited by 165
The ecology and evolutionary endocrinology of reproduction in the human female
Vitzthum, V. J. (2009) · American Journal of Physical Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.21195 · Cited by 170
Advancing the use of local ecological knowledge for assessing data‐poor species in coastal ecosystems
Beaudreau, A. H., & Levin, P. S. (2013) · Ecological Applications · doi:10.1890/13-0817.1 · Cited by 162
Biomass burning contributions to urban aerosols in a coastal Mediterranean City
Reche, C., Viana, M., Amato, F., Alástuey, A., Moreno, T., Hillamo, R., Teinilä, K., Saarnio, K., Seco, R., Peñuelas, J., et al. (2012) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.04.012 · Cited by 168
Immune recovery uveitis in patients with AIDS and cytomegalovirus retinitis after highly active antiretroviral therapy
Nguyen, Q. D., Kempen, J. H., Bolton, S. G., Dunn, J. P., & Jabs, D. A. (2000) · American Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9394(00)00356-1 · Cited by 165
Aortic valve replacement: Is valve size important?
Medalion, B., Blackstone, E. H., Lytle, B. W., White, J. A., Arnold, J. H., & Cosgrove, D. M. (2000) · Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery · doi:10.1016/s0022-5223(00)70091-2 · Cited by 165
The 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake imaged from inversion of geodetic data
Árnadóttir, Þ., & Segall, P. (1994) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/94jb01256 · Cited by 164
Clinical Significance of Serum Mesothelin in Patients with Mesothelioma and Lung Cancer
Cristaudo, A., Foddis, R., Vivaldi, A., Guglielmi, G., Dipalma, N., Filiberti, R., Neri, M., Ceppi, M., Paganuzzi, M., Ivaldi, G. P., et al. (2007) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-07-0629 · Cited by 164
Source apportionment of the ambient PM2.5 across St. Louis using constrained positive matrix factorization
Amato, F., & Hopke, P. K. (2011) · Atmospheric Environment · doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.09.062 · Cited by 164
Estimating the Effects of Potential Public Health Interventions on Population Disease Burden: A Step-by-Step Illustration of Causal Inference Methods
Ahern, J., Hubbard, A., & Galea, S. (2009) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwp015 · Cited by 169
Cognitive inflexibility as a prospective predictor of suicidal ideation among young adults with a suicide attempt history: Cognitive Inflexibility and Suicidal Behavior
Miranda, R., Gallagher, M., Bauchner, B., Vaysman, R., & Marroquín, B. (2012) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.20915 · Cited by 159
Tips and traps analyzing pediatric PK data
Anderson, B. J., & Holford, N. H. G. (2011) · Pediatric Anesthesia · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9592.2011.03536.x · Cited by 163
A sharper image? Estimates of the precision of nighttime lights as a proxy for economic statistics
Nordhaus, W. D., & Chen, X. (2014) · Journal of Economic Geography · doi:10.1093/jeg/lbu010 · Cited by 163
Bootstrap confidence intervals: Good or bad?
Efron, B. (1988) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.104.2.293 · Cited by 162
Self-citation
A Phase I Dose Escalation and Expansion Study of the Anticancer Stem Cell Agent Demcizumab (Anti-DLL4) in Patients with Previously Treated Solid Tumors
Smith, D. C., Eisenberg, P. D., Manikhas, G. M., Chugh, R. K., Gubens, M. A., Stagg, R., Kapoun, A. M., Xu, L., Dupont, J., & Sikic, B. I. (2014) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-1373 · Cited by 162
Age estimation via face images: a survey
Angulu, R., Tapamo, J., & Adewumi, A. O. (2018) · EURASIP Journal on Image and Video Processing · doi:10.1186/s13640-018-0278-6 · Cited by 171
Brooding and reflective rumination among suicide attempters: Cognitive vulnerability to suicidal ideation
Surrence, K., Miranda, R., Marroquín, B. M., & Chan, S. (2009) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2009.06.001 · Cited by 159
Bootstrapping: Applications to Psychophysiology
Wasserman, S. S., & Böckenholt, U. (1989) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1989.tb03159.x · Cited by 161
Statistical inference in retrieval effectiveness evaluation
Savoy, J. (1997) · Information Processing & Management · doi:10.1016/s0306-4573(97)00027-7 · Cited by 161
DeerLab: a comprehensive software package for analyzing dipolar electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy data
Ibáñez, L. F., Jeschke, G., & Stoll, S. (2020) · Magnetic Resonance · doi:10.5194/mr-1-209-2020 · Cited by 161
Robin Hood Under the Hood: Wealth-Based Discrimination in Illicit Customer Help
Francesca Gino, B., & Pierce, L. (2010) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.1090.0498 · Cited by 161
Does psychiatric disorder predict violent crime among released jail detainees? A six-year longitudinal study.
Teplin, L. A., Abram, K. M., & McClelland, G. M. (1994) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037//0003-066x.49.4.335 · Cited by 161
Robust mixture modeling based on scale mixtures of skew-normal distributions
Basso, R. M., Lachos, V. H., Cabral, C. R. B., & Ghosh, P. (2009) · Computational Statistics & Data Analysis · doi:10.1016/j.csda.2009.09.031 · Cited by 160
I.V. acetaminophen pharmacokinetics in neonates after multiple doses
Palmer, G. M., Atkins, M. E., Anderson, B. J., Smith, K. R., Culnane, T. J., McNally, C., Perkins, E. J., CHALKIADIS, G. A., & Hunt, R. W. (2008) · British Journal of Anaesthesia · doi:10.1093/bja/aen208 · Cited by 160
The Accuracy of Measurements with Probability and Nonprobability Survey Samples: Replication and Extension
MacInnis, B., Krosnick, J. A., Ho, A. S., & Cho, M.-J. (2018) · Public Opinion Quarterly · doi:10.1093/poq/nfy038 · Cited by 158
Recent Developments in Species Sensitivity Distribution Modeling
Fox, D. R., van Dam, R. A., Fisher, R., Batley, G. E., Tillmanns, A. R., Thorley, J., Schwarz, C. J., Spry, D., & McTavish, K. (2020) · Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry · doi:10.1002/etc.4925 · Cited by 171
A three‐plate kinematic model for Lau Basin opening
Zellmer, K. E., & Taylor, B. (2001) · Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems · doi:10.1029/2000gc000106 · Cited by 160
Multivariate prediction of in-hospital mortality after percutaneous coronary interventions in 1994–1996
O’Connor, G. T., Malenka, D. J., Quinton, H., Robb, J. F., Kellett, M. A., Shubrooks, S. J., Bradley, W. A., Hearne, M. J., Watkins, M. W., Wennberg, D. E., et al. (1999) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(99)00267-3 · Cited by 159
Managing fisheries using genetic data: case studies from four species of Pacific salmon
Shaklee, J. B., Beacham, T. D., Seeb, L. W., & White, B. A. (1999) · Fisheries Research · doi:10.1016/s0165-7836(99)00066-1 · Cited by 157
Ground-based assessment of the bias and long-term stability of 14 limb and occultation ozone profile data records
Hubert, D., Lambert, J., Verhoelst, T., Granville, J., Keppens, A., Baray, J., Bourassa, A., Cortesi, U., Degenstein, D. A., Froidevaux, L., et al. (2016) · Atmospheric measurement techniques · doi:10.5194/amt-9-2497-2016 · Cited by 157
Recovery of “Lost” Infant Memories in Mice
Guskjolen, A. J., Kenney, J. W., de la Parra, J., Yeung, B.-R. A., Josselyn, S. A., & Frankland, P. W. (2018) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2018.05.059 · Cited by 169
Assessing model mimicry using the parametric bootstrap
Wagenmakers, E., Ratcliff, R., Gómez, P., & Iverson, G. (2004) · Journal of Mathematical Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jmp.2003.11.004 · Cited by 164
A multivariate, spatiotemporal analysis of electromagnetic time-frequency data of recognition memory
Düzel, E., Habib, R., Schott, B. H., Schoenfeld, M. A., Lobaugh, N. J., McIntosh, A. R., Scholz, M., & Heinze, H. (2003) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/s1053-8119(02)00031-9 · Cited by 153
Differential Rates of Regional Brain Change in Callosal and Ventricular Size: a 4-Year Longitudinal MRI Study of Elderly Men
Sullivan, E. V. (2002) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/12.4.438 · Cited by 152
Motivational Deficits and Cognitive Test Performance in Schizophrenia
Fervaha, G., Zakzanis, K. K., Foussias, G., Graff‐Guerrero, A., Agid, O., & Remington, G. J. (2014) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.1105 · Cited by 166
A Theory of Production Competence Revisited*
Vickery, S. K. (1991) · Decision Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1540-5915.1991.tb01286.x · Cited by 154
The role of situational demands and cognitive competencies in behavior organization and personality coherence.
Shoda, Y., Mischel, W., & Wright, J. C. (1993) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.65.5.1023 · Cited by 153
Pre-treatment number of clonogenic cells and their radiosensitivity are major determinants of local tumour control after fractionated irradiation
Yaromina, A., Krause, M., Thames, H. D., Rosner, A., Krause, M., Hessel, F., Grenman, R. A., Zips, D., & Baumann, M. A. (2007) · Radiotherapy and Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.radonc.2007.04.020 · Cited by 153
NEGATIVE FREQUENCY-DEPENDENT SELECTION BY POLLINATORS ON ARTIFICIAL FLOWERS WITHOUT REWARDS
Smithson, A., & Macnair, M. R. (1997) · Evolution · doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.1997.tb03655.x · Cited by 153
Control Variate Remedies
Nelson, B. L. (1990) · Operations Research · doi:10.1287/opre.38.6.974 · Cited by 153
PCAtest: testing the statistical significance of Principal Component Analysis in R
Camargo, A. (2022) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.12967 · Cited by 165
“Bootstrap resampling is a classical and well-established numerical methodology for calculating con ﬁ dence intervals of statistics based on approximation of their sampling distributions ( Efron, 1979 ; Efron & Tibshirani, 1986 ; Manly, 1991 ).”
Method
The Relation Between Brain Activity During Memory Tasks and Years of Education in Young and Older Adults.
Springer, M. V., McIntosh, A. R., Winocur, G., & Grady, C. L. (2005) · Neuropsychology · doi:10.1037/0894-4105.19.2.181 · Cited by 153

Authors: Efron, B., & Tibshirani, R.
ORCID: Tibshirani, R.
Venue: Statistical Science
Publisher: Institute of Mathematical Statistics
Published: 1986-02-01
Volume: 1
Issue: 1
Pages: 54-75
ISSN: 0883-4237 (ISSN-L)
2168-8745
DOI: 10.1214/ss/1177013815
OpenAlex: W2112688502
Cited by: 6,033
References: 34
Citations by year: 2026: 83 · 2025: 148 · 2024: 208 · 2023: 220 · 2022: 254 · 2021: 330 · 2020: 306 · 2019: 331 · 2018: 289 · 2017: 244 · 2016: 253 · 2015: 234 · 2014: 245 · 2013: 232 · 2012: 228
FWCI: 41.99
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Statistical Science (publishedVersion)
Project Euclid (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods and Inference
Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Probability and Statistical Research
Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods and Bayesian Inference
Keywords: bootstrapping, standard error estimation, confidence intervals, bias estimation, prediction error, time series, censored data, regression models, statistical accuracy

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Bootstrap Methods for Standard Errors, Confidence Intervals, and Other Measures of Statistical Accuracy

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks