Cited by 181Feminist Theory and Gender StudiesGender and Feminist StudiesFeminism, Gender, and Intersectionality

Black/Queer/Diaspora at the Current Conjuncture

Open access
Allen, Jafari S.·2012·GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies

Abstract

This essay sketches the parameters of black/queer/diaspora ethics, aesthetics, and methodologies vis-à-vis conjunctural moments in black queer studies, women of color feminisms, queer of color critique, queer theory, and on-the-ground expressive practices.

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Registry

Crossref · 10.1215/10642684-1472872

Cites

103 of 103 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

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Claims the paper makes

1 of 45 cited sources checked · 0 supported · 0 flagged · accuracy not yet measured

  • Premisecitation

    Generative and useful water metaphors have shaped black diaspora scholarship since Edward Wilmot Blyden and W. E. B. DuBois.

    “Generative and useful water metaphors have shaped black diaspora scholarship since Edward Wilmot Blyden and W. E. B. DuBois.91”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [91] 91. Hartman, "Venus in Two Acts," Small Axe 26, no. 3 (2008): 1 -14. Frederick Douglass's Narra- tive of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave (Boston: St. Martin's, 1993), and Toni Morrison's Beloved (New York: Knopf, 1987) ("This is not a story to pass on") come to mind as important mediations on this methodological conundrum. source

      The discussion of the Middle Passage and slave-trade historiography in “Out of the World and Back” (p. 3) does not address water metaphors in Black diaspora scholarship. Searches for Blyden, Du Bois, and water or ocean metaphors found no passage supporting the claimed historical lineage. (LLM, conf=0.75)

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • Findingreasoning

    Currently, even in place, black queer subjects can hardly escape the flow of diasporic black desires.

    “The central theme of my own current research project on black queer sociality and movement is that currently, even in place, black queer subjects can hardly escape the flow of diasporic black desires.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
  • Premisecitation

    Black studies, diaspora studies, and area or regional studies have not welcomed queer thinking, themes, or persons into the center of their research agenda.

    “or that black studies, diaspora studies, or any area or regional studies have welcomed queer thinking, themes, or persons into the center of their research agenda.6”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [6] 6. See works cited above, and especially the ambitious collection by Juan Battle and Sandra Barnes, Black Sexualities: Probing Powers, Passions, Practices, and Policies (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2010). This project heralds a more comprehensive black sexuality studies by including a number of themes and balanc- ing the disciplinary divide by highlighting social science work. Among a number of breaking work they are doing to document/archive and improve black queer life and culture in a number of sites around the world (Steven G. Fullwood, Black Gay & Les- bian Archive, "Fire

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Premisecitation

    Black Pride Survey 2000, Wekker's Politics of Passion, Critchlow's Buller Men and Batty Bwoys, Murray's Opacity, the author's own work, and Juan Battle's Social Justice Sexuality Project have begun to provide ethnographic dimensions and empirical data to black queer studies and queer of color critique.

    “Say It Loud: I'm Black and I'm Proud: Black Pride Survey 2000, Gloria Wekker's Politics of Passion, Critchlow's Buller Men and Batty Bwoys, Murray's Opacity, my own work, and Juan Battle's Social Justice Sexuality Project now under way have begun to provide ethnographic dimensions and empirical data to black queer studies and queer of color critique.11”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [11] 11. From Audre Lorde, "The Transformation of Silence into Language and Action," in Sister Outsider: Essays and Speeches (San Francisco: Crossing Press, 1980), 42. source
  • Premisecitation

    Queer theory has not unproblematically incorporated the contributions of black queer theory and queer of color critique.

    “Nor do I want to give the impression that queer theory has unproblematically incorporated the contributions of this work”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [6] 6. See works cited above, and especially the ambitious collection by Juan Battle and Sandra Barnes, Black Sexualities: Probing Powers, Passions, Practices, and Policies (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2010). This project heralds a more comprehensive black sexuality studies by including a number of themes and balanc- ing the disciplinary divide by highlighting social science work. Among a number of breaking work they are doing to document/archive and improve black queer life and culture in a number of sites around the world (Steven G. Fullwood, Black Gay & Les- bian Archive, "Fire

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. 54
  • May combine two claims. 19
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    Findingown data

    The author's research in Cuba, Trinidad and Tobago, and Brazil and experiences in the United States impel taking seriously distinctions between socialist and liberal states, postcolonial and imperial nations, North and South.

    “My own research in Cuba, Trinidad and Tobago, and Brazil and experiences at home in the United States impel taking seriously distinctions between socialist and liberal states, (post)colonial and imperial nations, North and South.39”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [39] 39. Toni Cade Bambara, The Black Woman: An Anthology (New York: New American Library, 1970); and Patricia Hill Collins, Black Feminist Thought: Knowledge, Consciousness, and the Politics of Empowerment (New York, Routledge, 2000).
  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Findingcitation

    Logistics, language, limited networks, disparate measures of 'quality' and 'appropriateness' across different types of borders, and limitations of space and time proved formidable for the publication.

    “Despite our best efforts, logistics, language, limited networks, and disparate measures of”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
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    Findingcitation

    Most of the articles were researched in anglophone contexts.

    “Most of the articles were researched in anglophone contexts.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
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    Findingcitation

    Each contributor, like the author, has been trained and/or currently works in the 'elite academy' of the United States.

    “each of them, like me, has been trained and/or currently works in the”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingcitation

    The contributors to this publication are diverse by place of birth, ethnicity, national heritage, degrees of identification with black hybridity and 'mixedness,' gender expression, sex, religion and spiritual expression, and other measures.

    “While the contributors are in fact diverse by dint of place of birth, ethnic- ity, national heritage, degrees of identification with black hybridity and”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

    Findingnone given

    More than a few members of the working group have experienced editors, senior colleagues, peer reviewers, and others who espouse these views, implicitly and explicitly.

    “More than a few of the members of the working group have experienced editors, senior colleagues, peer reviewers, and others who espouse these views, implicitly and explicitly.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
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    Premisenone given

    Queer of color critique and black queer studies are interdisciplinary projects that tend to lean heavily toward humanities and performance scholarship.

    “Although queer of color critique and black queer studies are interdisciplinary projects, they both tend to lean heavily toward humanities and performance scholarship.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Michelle Wright and Antje Schuhmann's collection Blackness and Sexualities broadens the geographic and thematic scopes of black queer studies to Europe (and Cuba) and to themes that are not strictly LGBTQ.

    “However, Michelle Wright and Antje Schuhmann's collection Blackness and Sexualities -which emerges from the Europe-based Collegium of African-American Research and was published in Germany -broadens the geographic and thematic scopes of the black queer studies project to Europe (and Cuba), as well as to themes that are not strictly LGBTQ.4”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [4] 4. Roderick A. Ferguson, Aberration in Black: Toward a Queer of Color Critique (Min- neapolis, University of Minnesota Press, 2004).

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Interpretationnone given

    Black queer theory and queer of color critique are not closed discourses.

    “Certainly, this is not to say that black queer theory and queer of color critique are closed discourses -quite the contrary.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

    Interpretationnone given

    Newer work in several realms of scholarly and artistic practice does not always acknowledge how black feminism can be read as a queer project, one suffused with affect as a central methodology and an Afro-futuristic one.

    “Likewise, newer work in several realms of scholarly and artistic practice does not always acknowledge how, for example, black feminism can in fact be read as a queer project, one suffused with affect as a central methodology (and mode of exchange), and an Afro-futuristic one, as it imagines and attempts to call into being futures in which black folks exist and thrive (even if on the detritus of”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

    Interpretationnone given

    Black subjects are always already queer relative to normative ideals of the person, and black queers often seem a queer too far for much of queer studies and gay and lesbian popular culture and politics.

    “Not only are black subjects always already queer relative to normative ideals of the person, but black queers also often seem a queer too far for much of queer studies and gay and lesbian popular culture and politics.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

    Interpretationreasoning

    Sites of resistance and self-making must necessarily find air in other spaces.

    “This certainly does not excuse the state's disinvestment, or civil society's self-righteousness, but rather holds that sites of resistance and self-making must necessarily find air in other spaces.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

    Interpretationreasoning

    Diaspora is not a place somewhere out of Africa seen only from the United States and England, and only by academics.

    “Moreover, diaspora is not a place somewhere”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Cohen argues that the reputed deviance of lesbians, gays, transgender and bisexual persons, single mothers, and state aid recipients marks them as unruly would-be subject-citizens and as outside cultural boundaries of belonging and care.

    “In her essay”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [35] 35. Jafari Sinclaire Allen, "For 'the Chil- dren' Dancing the Beloved Community," Souls 11, no. 3 (2009): 311 -26; and the incisive and necessary critique of a person not of color on a closely related theme: Judith Halberstam, "Shame and White Gay Masculinity," Social Text, nos. 84 -85 (2005): 219 -33. source
  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable). May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning

    Scholarly work does not create everyday resistance within and survival by the most multiply vulnerable, but it can give light to it and help expand recognition of those sites as legitimate political expression.

    “Scholarly work does not create everyday resistance within and survival by the most multiply vulnerable among us, but it can give light to it -helping expand recognition of those sites as legitimate political expression.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

    Interpretationreasoning

    At conjunctural moments, new ideas and practices emerge and take on added significance because of articulation or rearticulation.

    “At conjunctural moments,”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Alexander shows that erotic autonomy is the site out of which individuals and groups have staged various rebellions.

    “As she beautifully shows, this same”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [36] 36. Cymene Howe, "Undressing the Universal Queer Subject: Nicaraguan Activism and Transnational Identity," City and Society 14, no. 2 (2002): 237 -79. source
  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Even neoliberal states retain the power prerogative of surveillance, severe discipline, and in some cases expulsion or extermination of vulnerable persons, even as they disinvest in public health, education, and welfare.

    “While literatures on globalization and transnationalism have tended to highlight how the state is disappearing or being eclipsed by global capital and new information technologies, even neoliberal (leaning) states retain their power prerogative of surveillance, severe discipline, and in some cases expulsion or extermination of vulnerable persons, even as they continue to disinvest in public health”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [38] 38. Hortense J. Spillers, Black, White, and in Color; Joy James and T. Denean Sharpley-Whiting, eds, The Black Feminist Reader (New York: Wiley-Blackwell, 2000);

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationcitation

    There is an absence of an analysis of race and racism, and an elision or recasting of antiblack racism as a closed question, in some queer of color work.

    “Still, I worry about both the absence of an analysis of race and racism, and the elision or recasting of antiblack racism as a closed question (the reasoning often goes something like: way back in the bad old days, there was antiblack racism; now this new thing has replaced it) in some queer of color work.78”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [78] 78. Roderick Ferguson and Grace Kyungwon Hong, Strange Affinities: The Gender and Sexual Politics of Comparative Racialization (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2011), 1.

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationcitation

    Observation of everyday tactics and strategies of black queers in many locations persuasively suggests that the larger freedom sought may be more available outside the state's purview and depends on willingness to expose and articulate forms of deviance and be audacious at home in various communities.

    “Still, observation of the everyday tactics and strategies of black queers, in a number of locations including those visited in this special issue, persuasively suggests that the”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [42] 42. See Cheryl Clarke, "The Failure to Transform: Homophobia in the Black Community," in Home Girls: A Black Feminist Anthology, ed. Barbara Smith (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2000): 197 -208; and Ron Simmons, "Some Thoughts on the Challenges Facing Black Gay Intellectuals," in Brother to Brother: New Writing by Black Gay Men, ed. Essex Hemphill (Washington, DC: Redbone, 2007).

      Not checked in the free run.

    • Rests on an assumption: The larger freedom sought by black queers is a shared and desirable goal.
  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing).

    Interpretationcitation

    Black and queer of color work that has already thrown shade on the meanings of queer highlights detail, color, and depth within the discourse that make it more incisive and useful.

    “Black and queer of color work that has already”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [44] 44. Audre Lorde, "School Note," in Black Unicorn, 55.

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

    Interpretationnone given

    No term, even those that may seem self-evidently local, indigenous, or autochthonous, is perfectly stable or synchronous with dynamic self-identification on the ground.

    “Still, as I have averred elsewhere, no term, even those that may seem self-evidently local, indigenous, or autochthonous, is perfectly stable or synchronous with dynamic self-identification on the ground.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Interpretationnone given

    The essay argues for the recognition of black/queer/diaspora as at once a caution, a theory, and most centrally a work.

    “In this essay, I argue for the recognition of black/queer/diaspora as at once a caution, a theory, and (most centrally) a work.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

    Interpretationnone given

    Partly because of African, Caribbean, and Latin America studies' stubborn refusal to face race and antiblack racism, black identification has been posed as singularly African American.

    “Partly because of African, Caribbean, and Latin America studies' evident stubborn refusal to face race and antiblack racism, black identification has been posed as singularly African American.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

    Premisecitation

    Queer studies and black studies too often capitulate to lineages of male autogenesis.

    “Queer studies and black studies also too often capitulate to lineages of”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [32] 32. See E. Darick Johnson and Mae Henderson, Black Queer Stories: A Cultural Anthol- ogy (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2005).

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

    Interpretationnone given

    While queer theory has proliferated studies celebrating everyday acts of gender or sexual nonconformity, this has always been more complex for people of color.

    “While queer theory has proliferated numerous studies in which everyday acts of gender or sexual nonconformity are celebrated, this has always been more complex for people of color.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing).

    Interpretationcitation

    Queer studies is due for another wave of reconsideration and reinvigoration.

    “Following scholars like J. Jack Halberstam, Muñoz, and Juana María Rodríguez, I have argued elsewhere that queer studies is due for another wave of reconsideration and reinvigoration.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
    • cites J. Jack Halberstam

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites Muñoz

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites Juana María Rodríguez

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    The Black Nations/Queer Nations conference was concerned with raising questions about the study of black LGBT two-spirit and same-gender-loving black people across nationality, class, ability, gender, and sexual expression and with expanding capacity toward critically engaging political organizing.

    “The Black Nations/Queer Nations conference -documented by Shari Frilot in a film by the same name -was concerned not only with raising questions about the study of black LGBT two-spirit and same-gender-loving black people, across nationality, class, ability, gender, and sexual expression but also with expanding capacity toward critically engaging political organizing.13”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [13] 13. Jasbir Puar, "Queer Times, Queer Assemblages," Social Text, nos. 84 -85 (2005): 121. source
  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable). May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning

    Queer not only marks one of the constitutive academic discourses and historical moments here but is also a critical way of seeing and saying.

    “Still, queer not only marks one of the constitutive academic discourses and historical moments here but is also a critical way of seeing and saying.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

    Interpretationnone given

    Black/queer/diaspora is an organic project of multivalent and multi scalar reclamation, revisioning, and futurity.

    “Black/queer/diaspora is an organic project of multivalent and multi scalar reclamation, revisioning, and futurity (yes, all at once).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

    Premisecitation

    The intersubjectivity evidenced by black queer love is that conjure medicine that helps heal the psychic wounds of enslavement.

    “The intersubjectivity evidenced by black queer love is”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [29] 29. George W. Bush -era "faith based" neoliberal funding initiatives and organizations like Focus on the Family to black "mega churches" like that of Eddie Long's New Birth Missionary Baptist Church in Atlanta; to abstinence-only provisos in foreign aid to do HIV/AIDS work in various places in the world; and from fringe evangelical groups like that of "ex-gay" Pastor Phillip Lee from the US-based "His Way Out" ministry, which do homosexual "reparative therapy" in the United States, Africa, and Caribbean. See, for one small example, IGLHRC's "Uganda: The US Religious Right Exports Homophobia to

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Interpretationreasoning

    Black folks participate in uneven global exchanges, whether bodily or through small actions like mouse-clicks, page turns, lifting a fork, or remittances.

    “Black folks participate in (uneven) global exchanges, whether with our entire body, or just a mouse-click, page turn, lifting of a fork, or remittance to a romantic fantasy abroad or family at home.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    The critical and methodological orientations of queer of color scholars extend the key theoretical contributions of black queer theory and have broadened black studies' understanding of racial formation by exposing mechanisms through which other racialized subalterns are manufactured.

    “The critical and methodological orientations of queer of color scholars extend the key theoretical contributions of black queer theory and have broadened black studies' understanding of racial formation by exposing mechanisms through which other racialized subalterns are manufactured.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites [73] 73. Martin F. Manalansan, Global Divas: Filipino Gay Men in the Diaspora (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2003).

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites [74] 74. Decena, Tacit Subjects.

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

    Interpretationreasoning

    The work of black/queer/diaspora and people of color who seek to strategically or tactically use their putative deviance as resistance is one of the most vigorous forces pushing left in queer studies.

    “the work of black/queer/diaspora and people of color who seek to strategically or tactically use their putative deviance (quareness?) as resistance is therefore one of the most vigorous forces pushing left in queer studies.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

    Interpretationnone given

    In contrast to the fashionable PoMo party line of queer theory, black and women of color feminism had developed an understanding of difference and resistance to normativity that was not only discursive and performative but also grounded in and responsive to everyday facts of blackness, i.e., the materiality of black experiences.

    “That is, in contrast to what at the time was the fashionable PoMo party line of queer theory, black and women of color feminism had developed an understanding of difference and resistance to normativity that was not only discursive and performative but also grounded in and responsive to everyday fact(s) of blackness (to invoke Fanon), that is, the materiality of black experiences.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Premisecitation

    The concept of home is the primary focus of this work.

    “The concept of home, reflected in, for example, Barbara Smith's anthology Home Girls: A Black Feminist Anthology and other texts, including Cheryl Clarke's and Ron Simmons's polemical essays that challenge Black Arts movement icons and traditions of black heterosexual respectability, is the primary focus of this work.52”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [52] 52. Rinaldo Walcott, "Outside in Black Studies: Memory from a Queer Place in Dias- pora," in Johnson and Henderson, Black Queer Studies, 90 -106.

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Alexander argues that some bodies, such as the lesbian and the prostitute, cannot be included as citizens in former colonies of the Caribbean because they embody sexual agency and eroticism out of step with the nation's aspiration.

    “Similarly, Alexander has argued that some bodies, such as those of the lesbian and the”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [36] 36. Cymene Howe, "Undressing the Universal Queer Subject: Nicaraguan Activism and Transnational Identity," City and Society 14, no. 2 (2002): 237 -79. source
  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

    Interpretationnone given

    The state, seemingly every state though in varying scales and intensities, depends on racialized heteropatriarchy, always also classed, to constitute and maintain itself in the global hierarchy of states.

    “Still, it seems the state -seemingly every state, though of course in wildly varying scales and intensities -depends on racialized heteropatriarchy (which is always also classed) to constitute and maintain itself in the global hierarchy of states.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

    Interpretationnone given

    The current conjunctural moment is constituted by the maturation of black and queer of color studies literatures, the current existential crisis of queer studies, the recognition of the transnational in every moment, and the rapidity of popular forms of uneven global exchange.

    “The conjunctural moment I am meditating on here, for example, is constituted not only by the maturation of black and queer of color studies literatures and the current existential crisis of queer studies, but also by the recognition of the presence of the transnational in every moment, even”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: The current conjuncture is characterized by an existential crisis of queer studies.
  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationcitation

    Blackness is most often misapprehended as static and constructed only out of US political projects of racialization, which is erroneously posed as a polarity of black versus white and therefore less complex than other places around the globe.

    “Where ethnicity is legible as dynamic, multiply constituted, and primed for cosmopolitan transformation -and therefore posed as not race -blackness is most often misapprehended as static and constructed only out of US political projects of racialization, which is erroneously posed as a polarity of black versus white and therefore less complex than other places around the globe.79”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [79] 79. Ferguson and Hong, Strange Affinities, 1.

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Interpretationcitation

    Part of the disappointment in some streams of queer theory is that having accepted the postmodern understanding of the collapse of categories of experience, there is little room for anything beyond a yawning pessimism.

    “Part of the disappointment in/of some streams of queer theory is that having accepted the postmodern (PoMo) understanding of the collapse of categories of experience melting into nothingness, there is little room for anything -”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [47] 47. Sharon Holland, foreword to Johnson and Henderson, Black Queer Studies, ix.

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

    Interpretationnone given

    Queer uniquely captures the sense of the nonnormative status of men, women, and others who identify with or are identified as homosexual or bisexual, and those whose gender self-identification is not resonant with sex assigned at birth.

    “Moreover, notwithstanding the understandable protests of those who reject queer as a name for black subjects on the grounds that it extends a white patronym: queer does also uniquely capture the sense of the nonnormative status of men, women, and others who identify with or are identified as homosexual or bisexual, and those whose gender self-identification is not resonant with the sex assigned to”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing).

    Interpretationreasoning

    Black Nations/Queer Nations is an important model for engaged projects that deepen and broaden connections between scholarship, activism, and artistry.

    “Black Nations/Queer Nations is thus also an important model for engaged projects, which, like black/queer/ diaspora work, attempts to deepen and broaden the ineluctable connections between scholarship, activism, and artistry.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Cohen has exposed how the US state and black institutions, academics, and families construct the dangerous vulnerabilities of the deeply and multiply subaltern.

    “Since her The Boundaries of Blackness, Cohen has exposed how the US state and black institutions, academics, and families construct the dangerous vulnerabilities of the deeply and multiply subaltern -an analytic category she later formulated as”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [34] 34. Among these, see especially Juana María Rodríguez, "Queer Sociality and Other Sexual Fantasies," GLQ 17 (2011): 331 -48;

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

    Interpretationnone given

    To follow the routes of black/queer/diaspora is to interrogate dynamic, unsettled subjects whose bodies, desires, and texts move.

    “To follow the routes of black/queer/diaspora is to interrogate dynamic, unsettled subjects whose bodies, desires, and texts move.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    The Battle and Barnes collection Black Sexualities heralds a more comprehensive black sexuality studies by including a number of themes and balancing the disciplinary divide by highlighting social science work.

    “This project heralds a more comprehensive black sexuality studies by including a number of themes and balanc- ing the disciplinary divide by highlighting social science work.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Juan Battle and Sandra Barnes, Black Sexualities: Probing Powers, Passions, Practices, and Policies

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

    Interpretationnone given

    The apparent abandonment of these questions and potential accountabilities in some quarters indicates a precipitous shift rightward (toward conservatism) that is neither especially queer nor theoretical, nor studious.

    “In any case, the apparent abandonment of these questions and potential accountabilities in some quarters indicates a precipitous shift rightward (toward conservatism) that is neither especially queer nor theoretical, nor studious.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    The Caribbean is a particularly vigorous site for black/queer/diaspora work.

    “The Caribbean, a particularly vigorous site for black/queer/diaspora work, has also been refocused in Faith Smith's new collection, Sex and the Citizen: Interrogating the Caribbean (Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia Press, 2011).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Smith, 2011

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing).

    Interpretationreasoning

    The espousal of these views by editors, senior colleagues, peer reviewers, and others may also expose an unreconstructed racism and/or misogyny.

    “may also expose an unreconstructed racism and/or misogyny”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    The collection Taboo: Sweet Identity and Erotic Subjectivity in Anthropological Fieldwork enlarged our understanding of sexuality and desire in the fieldwork encounter.

    “The impor- tant collection by Don Kulick and Margaret Willson, Taboo: Sweet Identity and Erotic Subjectivity in Anthropological Fieldwork (New York: Routledge, 1995), enlarged our understanding of sexuality and desire in the fieldwork encounter.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Don Kulick and Margaret Willson, Taboo: Sweet Identity and Erotic Subjectivity in Anthropological Fieldwork (New York: Routledge, 1995)

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

    Interpretationreasoning

    Black/queer/diaspora constitutes a heterotopic love.

    “Black/queer/diaspora constitutes a heterotopic love.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Scholars located in education, public health, and law have been producing important work that can offer effective strategies.

    “Moreover, scholars located in such professional arenas as education, public health, and law have been producing important work that can offer effective strategies.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites McCready, 2010

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning

    Our citation politics have been selective and seem to avoid the (lesser-known?) more radical exponents of African diaspora theory.

    “Our citation politics have been selective and seem to avoid the (lesserknown?)more radical exponents of African diaspora theory.7.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [7] 7. Colin Robinson, Coalition Advocating Inclusion of Sexual Orientation; Selly Thiam, None on Record; Ajamu X, Sharing Tongues; Rukus!) For a variety of reasons, this did not work out. These projects that propose to "save" culture, share tongues, and put on record provide a very differently configured and no less "political" politics, which the working group is committed to engaging. One of our immediate forthcoming projects, therefore, will be to reconvene, revise, and publish this important conversation.

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationcitation

    For black and other subjects of color, sociality in the form of love, friendship, and sexual relationships is an indispensable survival tool, which may also be the foundation for life-enhancing and life-saving interventions.

    “While the current trend in queer studies seems characterized by a turning away from sociality and politics, for black and other subjects of color, sociality in the form of love, friendship, and sexual relationships is an indispensable survival tool, which, as Gill's Trinbagonian respondents show, may also be the foundation for life-enhancing and life-saving interventions.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: The current trend in queer studies is characterized by a turning away from sociality and politics.
  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

    Interpretationreasoning

    The espousal of these views by editors, senior colleagues, peer reviewers, and others reveals their ignorance of this important work.

    “This certainly reveals their ignorance of this important work”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Premisereasoning

    In these essays and in our work, black identity/identification is understood as hybrid, contingent, and relational.

    “In these essays and in our work, black identity/identification is understood as hybrid, contingent, and relational.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

    Premisecitation

    For many of us, black/queer/diaspora is as much about the writing-conveying feeling as supplement or complement to information-as it is about theory and methodology.

    “For many of us, therefore, black/queer/diaspora is as much about the writing -that is, not”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [27] 27. Jafari Allen, "Looking Black at Revolutionary Cuba," Latin American Perspectives 36, no. 1 (2009): 53 -62; Allen, ¡Venceremos? source
  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    These advocates' queer work seeks to redeem anticolonial struggle and is at once about saving lives, promoting democracy, alleviating poverty, and fighting AIDS.

    “Thus these advocates' queer work, which seeks to redeem anticolonial struggle, to borrow the title of a recent Arcus Foundation report that surveyed the field, is at once about”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [99] 99. Liz Galst, "Saving Lives, Promoting Democracy, Alleviating Poverty, and Fighting AIDS: The Case for Funding Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Populations,"

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    A number of breaking works are being done to document/archive and improve black queer life and culture in a number of sites around the world.

    “Among a number of breaking work they are doing to document/archive and improve black queer life and culture in a number of sites around the world”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
    • cites Steven G. Fullwood, Black Gay & Lesbian Archive, "Fire & Ink"

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites Zethu Matebani Forum for the Empowerment of Women

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites Selly Thiam, None on Record

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

    Interpretationnone given

    There is a resistance to taking up important radical theorists of the black world in much black/queer/diaspora work.

    “While I hesitate to use the word reciprocal, because of the unevenness, there seems to be a resistance to taking up important radical theorists of the black world in much black/queer/diaspora work.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

    Premisenone given

    Black is a useful term for describing the historical, political, and affective ties of many individuals to one another, yet we do not attach mystical, transhistorical, or essential biological valence to this term.

    “That is, black is a useful term for describing the historical, political, and affective ties of many individuals to one another, yet we do not attach mystical, transhistorical, or essential biological valence to this term.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
61 of 61
  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The current conjuncture is characterized by an existential crisis of queer studies.

    “the current existential crisis of queer studies”
  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The larger freedom sought by black queers is a shared and desirable goal.

    “the”
  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The black gay movement failed to provide an alternative home in which Beam could have died surrounded by friends, colleagues, and community members, instead of alone and increasingly self-alienated.

    “By 1991, after the black gay movement failed to provide an alternative home in which Beam could have died surrounded by friends, colleagues, and community members, instead of alone and increasingly (self)alienated, the focus seems to shift for Essex Hemphill.”
  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The concept of ethnicity has a different historicity and does not do the same work as race.

    “The concept of ethnicity has a different historicity and does not do the same work as race.”
  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The current trend in queer studies is characterized by a turning away from sociality and politics.

    “While the current trend in queer studies seems characterized by a turning away from sociality and politics”
  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Black lesbian and gay artists and activist intellectuals developed a trenchant critique of heteronormativity and its intimate connection to racism, sexism, and classism, laying bare internalized hatred and external threats.

    “Black lesbian and gay artists and activist intellectuals developed a trenchant critique of heteronormativ-ity and its intimate connection to racism, sexism, and classism, laying bare the ravages of internalized hatred as well as external threats.”
  • The paper relies on this without support.

    African Americanist scholarship has long contributed to policing the boundaries of black studies against national, gender, sexual, and language difference, if not the boundaries of black identification itself.

    “African Americanist scholarship has long contrib- uted to this by jealously policing the boundaries of black studies against national, gender, sexual, and language difference, if not the boundaries of black identification itself.”
  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Too often African Americanists are left to do the 'dirty work' of calling out racism, which carries a heavy personal and political burden and vulnerability.

    “But at the same time, too often African Americanists are left to do the”
8 of 8

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.

  • James essay has two titles

    Minor

    The discussion calls James's intervention "Radicalizing Black Feminism," whereas the reference entry calls it "Radicalizing Feminisms."

  • Ferguson monograph title changes between references

    Minor

    Two reference entries give different singular and plural forms of the same monograph's title.

  • Vaid book title differs from its reference

    Minor

    The essay names Vaid's book *Virtually Equal*, but the reference entry names it *Virtual Equality*.

  • Glave anthology has conflicting titles

    Minor

    The essay calls Glave's anthology *Our Caribbean*, while its reference entry calls it *The Caribbean* and gives a different subtitle.

4 of 4

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

2 of the 105 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 9

  1. [4]4. Roderick A. Ferguson, Aberration in Black: Toward a Queer of Color Critique (Min- neapolis, University of Minnesota Press, 2004).
  2. [10]10. Antonio Gramsci and Joseph A. Buttigieg. Prison Notebooks (New York: Columbia University Press, 1992), quoted in James Clifford, "Taking Identity Politics Seriously: The Contradictory, Stony Ground," in Stuart Hall, Paul Gilroy, Lawrence Grossberg, and Angela McRobbie, Without Guarantees: In Honor of Stuart Hall (London: Verso, 2000), 94.
  3. [30]30. Jennifer Williams offered an incisive reading of this in her paper "The Audacity of 'Quare': The Practice and Politics of Black Queer Shamelessness" (presented at the States of Black Desire Conference, Paris, France, April 2011), which inspired my use of the concept of audacity.
  4. [32]32. See E. Darick Johnson and Mae Henderson, Black Queer Stories: A Cultural Anthol- ogy (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2005).
  5. [43]43. Joseph Beam, "Brother to Brother: Words from the Heart," in In the Life, ed. Joseph Beam (Freedom, CA: Crossing Press, 1984): 230 -42.
  6. [53]53. Thomas Glave, The Caribbean: A Gathering a Lesbian and Gay Writing from the Antilles (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2008).
  7. [56]56. Mark Epprecht, Heterosexual Africa? The History of an Idea from the Age of Exploita- tion to the Age of AIDS (Athens: Ohio University Press, 2008);
  8. [78]78. Roderick Ferguson and Grace Kyungwon Hong, Strange Affinities: The Gender and Sexual Politics of Comparative Racialization (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2011), 1.
  9. [94]94. Joy James and T. Denean Sharpley-Whiting (New York: Wiley-Blackwell, 2000), 239 -60.

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Allen, J. S.
Affiliations
Yale University (US)
Corresponding author
Allen, Jafari S.
Venue
GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies
Published
2012-06-01
Volume
18
Issue
2-3
Pages
211-248
ISSN
  • 1064-2684 (ISSN-L)
  • 1527-9375
OpenAlex
W2104312500
Cited by
181
References
105
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 56 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 3
FWCI
8.64
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • GLQ A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies (publishedVersion)
  • Project Muse (Johns Hopkins University) (submittedVersion)
  • HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • Harvard University
  • University of Minnesota
  • University of Oxford
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Feminist Theory and Gender Studies
  • Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender and Feminist Studies
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Feminism, Gender, and Intersectionality
Keywords
Black queer studies, Black diaspora, women of color feminism, queer of color critique, queer theory, ethics of love, reclamation, multiscalar analysis, genealogy, aesthetics, ethics

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