The DOI matches its Crossref record; 32 of the 32 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Specific and redundant functions of the paralogous Hoxa-9 and Hoxd-9 genes in forelimb and axial skeleton patterning
Open accessAbstract
Using gene targeting, we have produced mice with a disruption of Hoxa-9 or Hoxd-9, two paralogous Abdominal B-related genes. During embryogenesis, these genes are expressed in limb buds and along the vertebral axis with anterior expression boundaries at the level of prevertebra #20 for Hoxa-9 and #23 for Hoxd-9. Skeletal analysis revealed homeotic transformations corresponding to ante-riorisations of vertebrae #21 to #25 (L1 to L5) in the lumbar region of Hoxa-9−/− mutants; vertebrae #23 to #25 (L3 to L5) in the lumbar region together with vertebrae #28, #30 and #31 (S2, S4 and Ca1) in the sacrum and tail were ante-riorized in Hoxd-9−/− mutants. Thus, anteriorisation of vertebrae #23 to #25 were common to both phenotypes. Subtle forelimb (but not hindlimb) defects, corresponding to a reduction of the humerus length and malformation of its deltoid crest, were also observed in Hoxd-9−/−, but not in Hoxa-9−/−, mutant mice. By intercrosses between these two lines of mutant mice, we have produced Hoxa-9/Hoxd-9 double mutants which exhibit synergistic limb and axial malformations consisting of: (i) an increase of penetrance and expressivity of abnormalities present in the single mutants, and (ii) novel limb alterations at the level of the forelimb stylopod and additional axial skeleton transfor-mations. These observations demonstrate that the two paralogous genes Hoxa-9 and Hoxd-9 have both specific and redundant functions in lumbosacral axial skeleton pat-terning and in limb morphogenesis at the stylopodal level. Taken all together, the present and previously reported results show that disruption of different Hox genes can produce similar vertebral transformations, thus support-ing a combinatorial code model for specification of vertebral identity by Hox genes.
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Citations
Cites
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Cited by
Hox10 and Hox11 Genes Are Required to Globally Pattern the Mammalian Skeleton
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Hox genes specify vertebral types in the presomitic mesoderm
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PARALOGOUS HOX GENES: Function and Regulation
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The dual roles of homeobox genes in vascularization and wound healing
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Metadata
- Authors
- Fromental-Ramain, C., Warot, X., Lakkaraju, S., Favier, B., Haack, H., Birling, C., Dierich, A., Dollé, P., & Chambon, P.
- Venue
- Development
- Publisher
- The Company of Biologists
- Published
- 1996-02-01
- Volume
- 122
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 461-472
- ISSN
- 0950-1991 (ISSN-L)
- 1477-9129
- OpenAlex
- W2171216471
- Cited by
- 266
- References
- 32
- FWCI
- 6.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
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