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Die another way – non-apoptotic mechanisms of cell death
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Regulated, programmed cell death is crucial for all multicellular organisms. Cell death is essential in many processes, including tissue sculpting during embryogenesis, development of the immune system and destruction of damaged cells. The best-studied form of programmed cell death is apoptosis, a process that requires activation of caspase proteases. Recently it has been appreciated that various non-apoptotic forms of cell death also exist, such as necroptosis and pyroptosis. These non-apoptotic cell death modalities can be either triggered independently of apoptosis or are engaged should apoptosis fail to execute. In this Commentary, we discuss several regulated non-apoptotic forms of cell death including necroptosis, autophagic cell death, pyroptosis and caspase-independent cell death. We outline what we know about their mechanism, potential roles in vivo and define outstanding questions. Finally, we review data arguing that the means by which a cell dies actually matters, focusing our discussion on inflammatory aspects of cell death.
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“In contrast to the highly pro-inflammatory necrotic types of cell death, such as necroptosis and pyroptosis, apoptosis and autophagy do not tend to trigger an inflammatory response166.”
From Inflammation and its resolution in atherosclerosis: mediators and therapeutic opportunities (2019) · cites this paper as [166]
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Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Tait, S. W. G., Ichim, G., & Green, D. R.
- Affiliations
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute (GB)
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Cell Science
- Publisher
- The Company of Biologists
- Published
- 2014-05-15
- Volume
- 127
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 2135-2144
- ISSN
- 0021-9533 (ISSN-L)
- 1477-9137
- PMC
- PMC4021468
- OpenAlex
- W2021358525
- Cited by
- 366
- References
- 130
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 41 · 2019: 48 · 2018: 40 · 2017: 43 · 2016: 35 · 2015: 30 · 2014: 5
- FWCI
- 3.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Cell Science (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam) (submittedVersion)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BB/K008374/1)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01GM096208)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01AI044828)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Cell death mechanisms and regulation
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Inflammasome and immune disorders
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Autophagy in Disease and Therapy
- Keywords
- non-apoptotic cell death, programmed cell death, necroptosis, pyroptosis, autophagic cell death, caspase-independent cell death, apoptosis, inflammation, immune system development
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Autophagy, Humans, Cell Death, Apoptosis
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