Desiccation tolerance in Anopheles coluzzii: the effects of spiracle size and cuticular hydrocarbons

Arcaz, Arthur C.; Huestis, Diana L.; Dao, Adama; Yaro, Alpha S.; Diallo, Moussa; Andersen, John; Blomquist, Gary J.; Lehmann, Tovi

doi:10.1242/jeb.135665

Cited by 40Physiological and biochemical adaptationsMalaria Research and ControlMosquito-borne diseases and control

Desiccation tolerance in Anopheles coluzzii: the effects of spiracle size and cuticular hydrocarbons

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Arcaz, Arthur C., Huestis, Diana L., Dao, Adama, Yaro, Alpha S., Diallo, Moussa, Andersen, John, Blomquist, Gary J., Lehmann, Tovi·2016·Journal of Experimental Biology

DOI 10.1242/jeb.135665PMC PMC4920233

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Abstract

The African malaria mosquitoes Anopheles gambiae and A. coluzzii range over forests and arid areas, where they withstand dry spells and months-long dry seasons, suggesting variation in their desiccation tolerance. We subjected a laboratory colony (G3) and wild Sahelian mosquitoes during the rainy and dry seasons to desiccation assays. The thoracic spiracles and amount and composition of cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) of individual mosquitoes were measured to determine the effects of these traits on desiccation tolerance. The assay's relative humidity, body water available, rate of water loss, and water content at death accounted for 88% of the variation in desiccation tolerance. Spiracle size did not affect the rate of water loss or desiccation tolerance of the colony mosquitoes, as was the case for the total CHCs. However, six CHCs accounted for 71% of the variation in desiccation tolerance and three accounted for 72% of the variation in the rate of water loss. Wild A. coluzzii exhibited elevated desiccation tolerance during the dry season. During that time, relative thorax and spiracle sizes were smaller than during the rainy season. A smaller spiracle size appeared to increase A. coluzzii's desiccation tolerance, but was not statistically significant. Seasonal change in CHC composition was detected in Sahelian A. coluzzii. Stepwise regression models suggested the effect of particular CHCs on desiccation tolerance. In conclusion, the combination of particular CHCs along with total amount of CHCs is a primary mechanism conferring desiccation tolerance in A. coluzzii, while variation in spiracle size might be a secondary mechanism.

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Under high temperature conditions, adult An. coluzzii are more able than other sibling vectors to minimize water loss by altering the chemical compositions of cuticular hydrocarbons.
“Under high temperature conditions, adult An. coluzzii are more able than other sibling vectors to minimize water loss and they do this by a variety of methods including altering the chemical compositions of cuticular hydrocarbons [47].”
From Sibling species of the major malaria vector Anopheles gambiae display divergent preferences for aquatic breeding sites in southern Nigeria (2024) · cites this paper as [47]
The Results (Field experiment; page unavailable) report seasonal changes in cuticular hydrocarbon composition in A. coluzzii and associations between particular hydrocarbons and desiccation tolerance. But the study compares dry- and rainy-season mosquitoes, not A. coluzzii with sibling vectors under high-temperature conditions. The Introduction describes interspecies differences in desiccation tolerance as modest, so it does not establish the claimed comparative advantage. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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PHYSIOLOGY OF DESICCATION RESISTANCE IN ANOPHELES GAMBIAE AND ANOPHELES ARABIENSIS
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Authors: Arcaz, A. C., Huestis, D. L., Dao, A., Yaro, A. S., Diallo, M., Andersen, J., Blomquist, G. J., & Lehmann, T.
Affiliations: National Institutes of Health (US)
Malaria Research and Training Center (ML)
University of Nevada, Reno (US)
Corresponding author: Lehmann, Tovi
ORCID: Arcaz, Arthur C.
Huestis, Diana L.
Yaro, Alpha S.
Diallo, Moussa
Andersen, John
Blomquist, Gary J.
Lehmann, Tovi
Venue: Journal of Experimental Biology
Publisher: The Company of Biologists
Published: 2016-01-01
Volume: 219
Issue: Pt 11
Pages: 1675-88
ISSN: 0022-0949 (ISSN-L)
1477-9145
DOI: 10.1242/jeb.135665
PMC: PMC4920233
OpenAlex: W2385477542
Cited by: 40
References: 67
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 1
FWCI: 4.08
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0 (am, 1964 d)
Locations: Journal of Experimental Biology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of General Medical Sciences (P20GM103440)
NIH/NIAID (Intramural Funding to LMVR)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Physiological and biochemical adaptations
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Malaria Research and Control
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Mosquito-borne diseases and control
Keywords: Anopheles coluzzii, desiccation tolerance, cuticular hydrocarbons, water loss, seasonal variation, Sahel, malaria vectors, body water content, relative humidity
MeSH terms: Adaptation, Physiological, Animals, Animal Structures, Anopheles, Body Water, Body Weight, Desiccation, Female, Humidity, Hydrocarbons, Organ Size, Regression Analysis, Seasons, Thorax, Water Loss, Insensible, Wings, Animal, Integumentary System

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Desiccation tolerance in Anopheles coluzzii: the effects of spiracle size and cuticular hydrocarbons

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