The DOI matches its Crossref record; 8 of the 8 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Do Animals Have Cognitive Maps?
Open accessAbstract
Drawing on studies of humans, rodents, birds and arthropods, I show that ‘cognitive maps’ have been used to describe a wide variety of spatial concepts. There are, however, two main definitions. One, sensu Tolman, O’Keefe and Nadel, is that a cognitive map is a powerful memory of landmarks which allows novel short-cutting to occur. The other, sensu Gallistel, is that a cognitive map is any representation of space held by an animal. Other definitions with quite different meanings are also summarised. I argue that no animal has been conclusively shown to have a cognitive map, sensu Tolman, O’Keefe and Nadel, because simpler explanations of the crucial novel short-cutting results are invariably possible. Owing to the repeated inability of experimenters to eliminate these simpler explanations over at least 15 years, and the confusion caused by the numerous contradictory definitions of a cognitive map, I argue that the cognitive map is no longer a useful hypothesis for elucidating the spatial behaviour of animals and that use of the term should be avoided.
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Cites
Cognitive maps in rats and men
Tolman, E. C. (1948) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0061626 · Cited by 6,641
Evidence of hierarchies in cognitive maps
Hirtle, S. C., & Jonides, J. (1985) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/bf03197683 · Cited by 655
Spatial cognitive maps in animals: New hypotheses on their structure and neural mechanisms.
Poucet, B. (1993) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.100.2.163 · Cited by 434
Exploring the anchor-point hypothesis of spatial cognition
Couclelis, H., Golledge, R. G., Gale, N., & Tobler, W. (1987) · Journal of Environmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0272-4944(87)80020-8 · Cited by 401
Subjective hierarchies in spatial memory.
McNamara, T. P., Hardy, J. K., & Hirtle, S. C. (1989) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition · doi:10.1037/0278-7393.15.2.211 · Cited by 323
Tversky, B. (1992) · Geoforum · doi:10.1016/0016-7185(92)90011-r · Cited by 272
Landmark stability is a prerequisite for spatial but not discrimination learning
Biegler, R., & Morris, R. G. M. (1993) · Nature · doi:10.1038/361631a0 · Cited by 181
The effect of a single light cue on homing behaviour of the golden hamster
Etienne, A. S., Teroni, E., Hurni, C., & Portenier, V. (1990) · Animal Behaviour · doi:10.1016/s0003-3472(05)80723-7 · Cited by 105
Cited by
Visual Place Recognition: A Survey
Lowry, S., Sünderhauf, N., Newman, P., Leonard, J. J., Cox, D., Corke, P., & Milford, M. J. (2016) · IEEE Transactions on Robotics · doi:10.1109/tro.2015.2496823 · Cited by 1,079
Spatial memory: how egocentric and allocentric combine
Burgess, N. (2006) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2006.10.005 · Cited by 827
Honey bees navigate according to a map-like spatial memory
Menzel, R., Greggers, U., Smith, A., Berger, S., Brandt, R., Brunke, S., Bundrock, G., Hülse, S., Plümpe, T., Schaupp, F., et al. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0408550102 · Cited by 458
Foo, P., Warren, W. H., Duchon, A., & Tarr, M. J. (2005) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition · doi:10.1037/0278-7393.31.2.195 · Cited by 406
Updating egocentric representations in human navigation
Wang, R. F., & Spelke, E. S. (2000) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/s0010-0277(00)00105-0 · Cited by 401
Metadata
- Authors
- Bennett, A. T. D.
- Venue
- Journal of Experimental Biology
- Publisher
- The Company of Biologists
- Published
- 1996-01-01
- Volume
- 199
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 219-224
- ISSN
- 0022-0949 (ISSN-L)
- 1477-9145
- OpenAlex
- W2110231145
- Cited by
- 352
- References
- 8
- FWCI
- 33.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
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Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
