Modification of ciliary beating in sea urchin larvae induced by neurotransmitters: beat-plane rotation and control of frequency fluctuation
Abstract
The modification of ciliary beating by neurotransmitters in sea urchin larvae at the four-armed pluteus stage was analyzed in terms of the direction of beating and fluctuation in the beat period. Application of dopamine to Pseudocentrotus depressus causes the cilia to turn their beat plane but retain its characteristic planar feature up to the complete 'reversal' of the beat direction. This new type of response was termed the 'beat-plane turning response'. It was also found that neurotransmitters, especially dopamine and serotonin, can modify the length of the beating cycle in P. depressus and Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus. Dopamine decreased and serotonin increased the beat frequency averaged over the ciliated epithelium with the standard deviation from the mean increasing in the presence of dopamine and decreasing with serotonin. The beat-period fluctuation and its modification suggested by this observation was confirmed from measurements of the beating of individual cilia in the presence or absence of these neurotransmitters. Further analysis of the correlation between angular velocity and beat period indicates that variation in the beat period is not controlled by the same processes as those that modulate angular velocity. These findings in sea urchin larvae suggest that both the stability and the direction of ciliary beating is under nervous control.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Serotonin seems to play a general role in the upregulation of ciliary beat frequency in mollusc, echinoderm and annelid larvae.
“Serotonin seems to play a general role in the upregulation of ciliary beat frequency (in mollusc [48], echinoderm [49,50] and annelid (G. Jékely unpublished) larvae), and the control of cilia by a sensory-motor serotonergic system may trace back to the common ancestor of protostomes and deuterostomes.”
From Origin and early evolution of neural circuits for the control of ciliary locomotion (2011) · cites this paper as [50]
Cites
Satir, P. (1968) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.39.1.77 · Cited by 556 · see citing works
Wu, T. Y.-T., Brokaw, C. J., & Brennen, C. E. (1975) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-1326-8 · Cited by 485 · see citing works
The Physiology of Cilia and Mucociliary Interactions
Satir, P., & Sleigh, M. A. (1990) · Annual Review of Physiology · doi:10.1146/annurev.ph.52.030190.001033 · Cited by 239 · see citing works
Strathmann, R. R., Jahn, T. L., & Fonseca, J. R. (1972) · Biological Bulletin · doi:10.2307/1540326 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Calcium-Induced Contraction of the Rhizoplast of a Quadriflagellate Green Alga
Salisbury, J. L., & Floyd, G. L. (1978) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.202.4371.975 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Hamasaki, T., Barkalow, K. L., Richmond, J., & Satir, P. (1991) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.88.18.7918 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Direct Measurements of Sliding Between Outer Doublet Microtubules in Swimming Sperm Flagella
Brokaw, C. J. (1989) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.2928796 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Basal body reorientation mediated by a Ca2+-modulated contractile protein.
McFadden, G. I., Schulze, D., Surek, B., Salisbury, J. L., & Melkonian, M. (1987) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.105.2.903 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Factors Affecting Ciliary Activity on the Gill of the Mussel Mytilus edulis
Aiello, E. (1960) · Physiological Zoology · doi:10.1086/physzool.33.2.30152299 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
The pair of central tubules rotates during ciliary beat in Paramecium
Omoto, C. K., & Kung, C. (1979) · Nature · doi:10.1038/279532a0 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Ciliary reversal without rotation of axonemal structures in ctenophore comb plates.
Tamm, S. L., & Tamm, S. (1981) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.89.3.495 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Brokaw, C. J. (1991) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.114.6.1201 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Effect of vanadate on gill cilia: Switching mechanism in ciliary beat
Wais‐Steider, J., & Satir, P. (1979) · Journal of Supramolecular Structure · doi:10.1002/jss.400110309 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Stephens, R. E., & Prior, G. (1992) · Journal of Cell Science · doi:10.1242/jcs.103.4.999 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Tamm, S. L., & Horridge, G. A. (1970) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.1970.0020 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Electrical Activity associated with Ciliary Reversal in an Echinoderm Larva
Mackie, G. O., Spencer, A. N., & Strathmann, R. R. (1969) · Nature · doi:10.1038/2231384a0 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Development Of Cell Junctions In Seaurchin Embryos
Spiegel, E., & Howard, L. (1983) · Journal of Cell Science · doi:10.1242/jcs.62.1.27 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Mogami, Y., Watanabe, K., Chieko, O., Akemi, K., & Baba, S. A. (1992) · Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C Comparative Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/0742-8413(92)90269-d · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Self-citationShingyoji, C., Katada, J., Takahashi, K., & Gibbons, I. R. (1991) · Journal of Cell Science · doi:10.1242/jcs.98.2.175 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
VARIABLE PERIODICITY IN THE RHIZOPLAST OF NAEGLERIA FLAGELLATES
Simpson, P. A., & Dingle, A. D. (1971) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.51.1.323 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Regular steps in bending cilia during the effective stroke
Baba, S. A. (1979) · Nature · doi:10.1038/282717a0 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Self-citationMogami, Y., Oobayashi, C., Yamaguchi, T., Ogiso, Y., & Baba, S. A. (1988) · Journal of Experimental Biology · doi:10.1242/jeb.137.1.141 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Self-citationStimulation ofSpisulasperm motility by 5-hydroxytryptamine analogs
Kadam, A. L., & KOIDE, S. S. (1990) · Invertebrate Reproduction & Development · doi:10.1080/07924259.1990.9672085 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Mechanisms and controls of microtubule sliding in cilia.
Satir, P. (1982) · PubMed · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Okamoto, K.-I., & Nakaoka, Y. (1994) · Journal of Experimental Biology · doi:10.1242/jeb.192.1.73 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Reconstitution of Metachronal Waves in Ciliated Cortical Sheets of Paramecium: I. Wave Stabilities
Okamoto, K.-I., & Nakaoka, Y. (1994) · Journal of Experimental Biology · doi:10.1242/jeb.192.1.61 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Developmental changes in Ca2+ sensitivity of sea-urchin embryo cilia
Degawa, M., Mogami, Y., & Baba, S. A. (1986) · Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A Physiology · doi:10.1016/0300-9629(86)90466-4 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citationBaba, S. A., Inomata, S., Ooya, M., Mogami, Y., & Izumi-Kurotani, A. (1991) · Review of Scientific Instruments · doi:10.1063/1.1142103 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citationDepolarization‐controlled parameters of the ciliary cycle and axonemal function
Sugino, K., & Machemer, H. (1990) · Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton · doi:10.1002/cm.970160405 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Baba, S. A., & Mogami, Y. (1987) · Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton · doi:10.1002/cm.970070303 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citationFive Different States of Ciliary Activity in the Epaulette of Echinoplutei
Mogami, Y., Fujima, K., & Baba, S. A. (1991) · Journal of Experimental Biology · doi:10.1242/jeb.155.1.65 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citationAspects of differentiation and function of cilia and adjacent structures of the sea urchin larva.
Immers, J., & Lundgren, B. (1972) · PubMed · Cited by 9 · see citing works
RECONSTITUTION OF METACHRONAL WAVES IN CILIATED CORTICAL SHEETS OF PARAMECIUM
Okamoto, K., & Nakaoka, Y. (1994) · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Mogami, Y., Sekiguchi, S., & Baba, S. A. (1993) · Journal of Experimental Biology · doi:10.1242/jeb.175.1.251 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
3 of the 37 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Cooper, N. L., & Bidwell, J. R. (2005) · Aquatic Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.aquatox.2005.09.012 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Origin and early evolution of neural circuits for the control of ciliary locomotion
Jékely, G. (2011) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2010.2027 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Yaguchi, S., & Katow, H. (2003) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.10865 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Neuronal coordination of motile cilia in locomotion and feeding
Marinković, M., Berger, J., & Jékely, G. (2019) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2019.0165 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Walentek, P., Bogusch, S., Thumberger, T., Vick, P., Dubaissi, E., Beyer, T., Blum, M., & Schweickert, A. (2014) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.102343 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
König, P., Krain, B., Krasteva‐Christ, G., & Kummer, W. (2009) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0004938 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Neural control of the velum in larvae of the gastropod,<i>Ilyanassa obsoleta</i>
Braubach, O. R., Dickinson, A. J. G., Evans, C. C. E., & Croll, R. P. (2006) · Journal of Experimental Biology · doi:10.1242/jeb.02556 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Konno, A., Setou, M., & Ikegami, K. (2012) · International review of cytology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-394305-7.00003-3 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
A Chemical Screen Identifies Class A G-Protein Coupled Receptors As Regulators of Cilia
Avasthi, P. P., Marley, A., Lin, H., Gregori‐Puigjané, E., Shoichet, B. K., von Zastrow, M., & Marshall, W. F. (2012) · ACS Chemical Biology · doi:10.1021/cb200349v · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Time and Extent of Ciliary Response to Particles in a Non-Filtering Feeding Mechanism
Strathmann, R. R. (2007) · Biological Bulletin · doi:10.2307/25066587 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Doran, S. A., Koss, R., Tran, C. H. T., Christopher, K. J., Gallin, W. J., & Goldberg, J. I. (2004) · Journal of Experimental Biology · doi:10.1242/jeb.00924 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Neural correlates of settlement in veliger larvae of the gastropod, C repidula fornicata
Penniman, J. R., Doll, M. K., & Pires, A. (2013) · Invertebrate Biology · doi:10.1111/ivb.12014 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Serotonergic Nervous System of Two Macrostomid Species: Recent or Ancient Divergence?
Ladurner, P., Mair, G. R., Reiter, D., Salvenmoser, W., & Rieger, R. M. (1997) · Invertebrate Biology · doi:10.2307/3226895 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Wheeler, J. D., Chan, K. Y. K., Anderson, E. J., & Mullineaux, L. S. (2016) · Journal of Experimental Biology · doi:10.1242/jeb.129502 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Surface flow for colonial integration in reef-building corals
Bouderlique, T., Petersen, J., Faure, L., Abed‐Navandi, D., Bouchnita, A., Mueller, B., Nazarov, M., Englmaier, L., Tesarova, M., Frade, P. R., et al. (2022) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2022.04.054 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Katow, H., Yaguchi, S., & Kyozuka, K. (2007) · Journal of Experimental Biology · doi:10.1242/jeb.02666 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Respiratory Biology of Animals
Perry, S. F., Lambertz, M., & Schmitz, A. (2019) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780199238460.001.0001 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Katow, H., Abe, K., Katow, T., Zamani, A., & Abe, H. (2013) · Journal of Experimental Biology · doi:10.1242/jeb.074856 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Gilbert, E., Teeling, C., Lebedeva, T. S., Pedersen, S., Chrismas, N. A. M., Genikhovich, G., & Modepalli, V. (2022) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.200833 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Leasi, F., Pennati, R., & Ricci, C. N. (2008) · Zoologischer Anzeiger · doi:10.1016/j.jcz.2008.10.002 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Planktonic sea urchin larvae change their swimming direction in response to strong photoirradiation
Yaguchi, S., Taniguchi, Y., Suzuki, H., Kamata, M., & Yaguchi, J. (2022) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1010033 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Comparative Neurobiology of Biogenic Amines in Animal Models in Deuterostomes
D’Aniello, E., Paganos, P., Anishchenko, E., D’Aniello, S., & Arnone, M. I. (2020) · Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.3389/fevo.2020.587036 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
The urochordate larva and archichordate organization: chordate origin and anagenesis revisited†
Salvini-Plawen, L. V. (2009) · Journal of Zoological Systematics & Evolutionary Research · doi:10.1111/j.1439-0469.1998.tb00832.x · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Extensive presence of serotonergic cells and fibers in the peripheral nervous system of lampreys
Barreiro‐Iglesias, A., Aldegunde, M., Anadón, R., & Rodicio, M. C. (2008) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.21914 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Elkader, H. A. E. A., & Al‐Shami, A. S. (2024) · Aquatic Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.106971 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Effects of the dynein inhibitor ciliobrevin on the flagellar motility of sea urchin spermatozoa
Wada, Y., Baba, S. A., & Kamimura, S. (2015) · Cytoskeleton · doi:10.1002/cm.21218 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Self-citationWoodward, O. M., & Willows, A. O. D. (2006) · Journal of Experimental Biology · doi:10.1242/jeb.02312 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Nervous control of ciliary beating by Cl-, Ca2+ and calmodulin inTritonia diomedea
Woodward, O. M., & Willows, A. O. D. (2006) · Journal of Experimental Biology · doi:10.1242/jeb.02377 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
microRNA‐124 regulates Notch and NeuroD1 to mediate transition states of neuronal development
Konrad, K. D., & Song, J. L. (2022) · Developmental Neurobiology · doi:10.1002/dneu.22902 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Xu, L., Tian, H., Wang, W., & Ru, S. (2012) · Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.etap.2012.06.014 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Braun, K.-P., & Stach, T. (2016) · Zoomorphology · doi:10.1007/s00435-016-0317-8 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Lo, H. K. A., Chua, V. A., & Chan, K. Y. K. (2021) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149709 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Ueki, N., & Wakabayashi, K. (2018) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1715489115 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Katow, H., Katow, T., Yoshida, H., Kiyomoto, M., & Uemura, I. (2016) · Frontiers in Zoology · doi:10.1186/s12983-016-0159-8 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Li, A., Espinoza, J., & Hamdoun, A. M. (2020) · Aquatic Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105425 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Non-directional Photoreceptors in the Pluteus of Strongylocentrotus purpuratus
Valero‐Gracia, A., Petrone, L., Oliveri, P., Nilsson, D., & Arnone, M. I. (2016) · Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.3389/fevo.2016.00127 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Katow, H., Yoshida, H., & Kiyomoto, M. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-57567-w · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Dynamics and emergence of metachronal waves in the ciliary band of a metazoan larva
Poon, R. N., Jékely, G., & Wan, K. Y. (2025) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.adw4067 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
McDonald, M., Griffin, N. P., Howell, E., Li, D., Harnew-Spradley, S., Rodriguez, P., Lancaster, A., Umutoni, F., Besh, J., & Shelley, C. (2022) · Journal of Experimental Biology · doi:10.1242/jeb.243076 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Vertical distribution of echinoid larvae in pH stratified water columns
Maboloc, E. A., Batzel, G. O., Grünbaum, D., & Chan, K. Y. K. (2020) · Marine Biology · doi:10.1007/s00227-019-3629-7 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Cocurullo, M., Paganos, P., Wood, N. J., Arnone, M. I., & Oliveri, P. (2023) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells12020272 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Doran, S. A., & Goldberg, J. I. (2006) · Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology · doi:10.1139/y06-010 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Obukhova, A. L., Khabarova, M. Y., Semenova, M. N., Starunov, V. V., Voronezhskaya, E. E., & Ivashkin, E. G. (2024) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2024.1348999 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Katow, H., Katow, T., Yoshida, H., & Kiyomoto, M. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22105116 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Zhang, X., Xu, L., Tian, H., Wang, C., Wang, W., & Ru, S. (2017) · NeuroToxicology · doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2017.06.010 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Distribution and evolution of serotonin-like immunoreactive cells in Thaliacea (Tunicata)
Braun, K., & Stach, T. (2018) · Zoomorphology · doi:10.1007/s00435-018-0416-9 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Léria, M., Barthélémy-Requin, M., Daroueche, M.-M., Richard, F., Brouilly, N., Hill, R., Bivic, A. L., Pasini, A., & Clément, R. (2026) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2026.04.054 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Structure, function, and evolution of respiratory proteins
Perry, S. F., Lambertz, M., & Schmitz, A. (2019) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780199238460.003.0004 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Development of flexible ciliary actuators and their application to mobile robots
Kimura, H., Kataoka, M., Higashi, T., & Norio, I. N. O. U. (2015) · Journal of Aero Aqua Bio-mechanisms · doi:10.5226/jabmech.4.71 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Neural Development in Invertebrates
Croll, R. P. (2016) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118316757.ch11 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Sensory perception in marine larvae
Modepalli, V. (2025) · Advances in marine biology · doi:10.1016/bs.amb.2025.09.003 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Respiratory faculties of aquatic invertebrates
Perry, S. F., Lambertz, M., & Schmitz, A. (2019) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780199238460.003.0006 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
The evolution of air-breathing respiratory faculties in invertebrates
Perry, S. F., Lambertz, M., & Schmitz, A. (2019) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780199238460.003.0010 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Respiratory faculties of amphibious and terrestrial craniotes
Perry, S. F., Lambertz, M., & Schmitz, A. (2019) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780199238460.003.0012 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Respiratory faculties of amphibious and terrestrial invertebrates
Perry, S. F., Lambertz, M., & Schmitz, A. (2019) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780199238460.003.0007 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Volnoukhin, M. (2010) · Summit (Simon Fraser University) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Behavioral responses of invertebrate larvae to water column cues
Wheeler, J. D. (2016) · doi:10.1575/1912/7756 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
A primer on respiratory physiology
Perry, S. F., Lambertz, M., & Schmitz, A. (2019) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780199238460.003.0003
The evolution of water-breathing respiratory faculties in craniotes
Perry, S. F., Lambertz, M., & Schmitz, A. (2019) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780199238460.003.0014
Control of breathing in craniotes
Perry, S. F., Lambertz, M., & Schmitz, A. (2019) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780199238460.003.0013
Respiratory faculties of aquatic craniotes
Perry, S. F., Lambertz, M., & Schmitz, A. (2019) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780199238460.003.0011
The evolution of water-breathing respiratory faculties in invertebrates
Perry, S. F., Lambertz, M., & Schmitz, A. (2019) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780199238460.003.0009
Control of breathing in invertebrates
Perry, S. F., Lambertz, M., & Schmitz, A. (2019) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780199238460.003.0008
Perry, S. F., Lambertz, M., & Schmitz, A. (2019) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780199238460.003.0005
A very brief history of respiratory biology
Perry, S. F., Lambertz, M., & Schmitz, A. (2019) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780199238460.003.0002
Ocean acidification modulates the impact of fluoxetine on larval behaviors of non-target organisms
Chua, V. A. (2021) · Works - Scholarship, Research, & Creative Expression (Swarthmore College)
Perry, S. F., Lambertz, M., & Schmitz, A. (2019) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780199238460.003.0016
Perry, S. F., Lambertz, M., & Schmitz, A. (2019) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780199238460.003.0001
The evolution of air-breathing respiratory faculties in craniotes
Perry, S. F., Lambertz, M., & Schmitz, A. (2019) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780199238460.003.0015
(2019) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780199238460.002.0008
(2019) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780199238460.002.0003
(2019) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780199238460.002.0004
(2019) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780199238460.002.0005
- Authors
- Wada, Y., Mogami, Y., & Baba, S. A.
- Affiliations
- Ochanomizu University (JP)
- Venue
- Journal of Experimental Biology
- Publisher
- The Company of Biologists
- Published
- 1997-01-01
- Volume
- 200
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 9-18
- ISSN
- 0022-0949 (ISSN-L)
- 1477-9145
- OpenAlex
- W2186616129
- Cited by
- 73
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 0.19
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Experimental Biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic and Kidney Cyst Diseases
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Marine Invertebrate Physiology and Ecology
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Aquatic Science › Echinoderm biology and ecology
- Keywords
- ciliary beating, sea urchin larvae, Pluteus, dopamine, serotonin, neurotransmitter modulation, Pseudocentrotus depressus, Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review