A novel serotonin-secreting cell type regulates ciliary motility in the mucociliary epidermis of Xenopus tadpoles
Abstract
The embryonic skin of Xenopus tadpoles serves as an experimental model system for mucociliary epithelia (MCE) such as the human airway epithelium. MCEs are characterized by the presence of mucus-secreting goblet and multiciliated cells (MCCs). A third cell type, ion-secreting cells (ISCs), is present in the larval skin as well. Synchronized beating of MCC cilia is required for directional transport of mucus. Here we describe a novel cell type in the Xenopus laevis larval epidermis, characterized by serotonin synthesis and secretion. It is termed small secretory cell (SSC). SSCs are detectable at early tadpole stages, unlike MCCs and ISCs, which are specified at early neurulation. Subcellularly, serotonin was found in large, apically localized vesicle-like structures, which were entirely shed into the surrounding medium. Pharmacological inhibition of serotonin synthesis decreased the velocity of cilia-driven fluid flow across the skin epithelium. This effect was mediated by serotonin type 3 receptor (Htr3), which was expressed in ciliated cells. Knockdown of Htr3 compromised flow velocity by reducing the ciliary motility of MCCs. SSCs thus represent a distinct and novel entity of the frog tadpole MCE, required for ciliary beating and mucus transport across the larval skin. The identification and characterization of SSCs consolidates the value of the Xenopus embryonic skin as a model system for human MCEs, which have been known for serotonin-dependent regulation of ciliary beat frequency.
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foxA specifies small 5HT-secreting cells in the mucociliary epithelium that regulate ciliary beating.
“moreover, foxA has been found to specify small 5HT-secreting cells in the mucociliary epithelium that regulate ciliary beating [117,118].”
From Gastric pouches and the mucociliary sole: setting the stage for nervous system evolution (2015) · cites this paper as [118]
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Serotonin and MucXS release by small secretory cells depend on Xpod, a SSC specific marker gene
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- Authors
- Walentek, P., Bogusch, S., Thumberger, T., Vick, P., Dubaissi, E., Beyer, T., Blum, M., & Schweickert, A.
- Affiliations
- University of Hohenheim (DE)
- University of Manchester (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Schweickert, Axel
- ORCID
- Venue
- Development
- Publisher
- The Company of Biologists
- Published
- 2014-04-01
- Volume
- 141
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1526-1533
- ISSN
- 0950-1991 (ISSN-L)
- 1477-9129
- OpenAlex
- W2156667312
- Cited by
- 61
- References
- 63
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 4
- FWCI
- 4.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Development (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic and Kidney Cyst Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Cystic Fibrosis Research Advances
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Ion Transport and Channel Regulation
- Keywords
- serotonin, ciliary motility, mucociliary epithelium, multiciliated cells, mucus transport, ciliary beat frequency, embryonic skin
- MeSH terms
- Epidermal Cells, Animals, Cell Separation, Cilia, Embryo, Nonmammalian, Epidermis, Ions, Larva, Movement, Mucus, Receptors, Serotonin, Serotonin, Xenopus
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