Effects of Acute and Chronic Exercise on Fat Metabolism
Abstract
Fatty acids are an important source of energy for skeletal muscle contraction, particularly during exercise of mild-moderate intensity, prolonged duration, and in the fasting state. Plasma FFA transported from remote adipose tissue stores and triglycerides contained within skeletal muscle fibers are the major sources of these fatty acids. The relative contribution of each source is dependent on the mode, intensity, and duration of exercise and on training status. Plasma FFA oxidation is directly related to the rate of lipolysis in adiopose tissue. The most potent stimulants of the latter are the catecholamines, but a lower plasma insulin concentration during exercise also plays a contributory role. In contrast, intramuscular triglyceride hydrolysis appears to be mediated entirely by beta 2-adrenergic stimulation. Endurance training substantially enhances fatty acid oxidative capacity in skeletal muscle and increases the proportion of energy derived from fatty acid oxidation during exercise. In addition, the sympathoadrenal response to exercise is markedly blunted in the trained state. Studies conducted in our laboratory indicate that plasma FFA and glycerol concentrations and whole body FFA uptake and oxidation are all decreased during moderate-intensity exercise at the same absolute work rate after physical conditioning, probably because of the reduction of sympathoadrenal activity. However, the lipolytic response to catecholamines also is enhanced in trained subjects. Perha…
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The cellular and hormonal changes that occur during exercise are directly related to exercise intensity, which can influence FAox.
“The cellular and hormonal changes that occur during exercise are directly related to exercise intensity which can influence FAox [47].”
From Understanding the factors that effect maximal fat oxidation. (2018) · cites this paper as [47]
Endurance training promotes reliance on endogenous fuel sources for up to 120 min of submaximal exercise.
“Studies show that endurance training promotes reliance on endogenous fuel sources for up to 120 min of submaximal exercise [47, 51, 52].”
From Understanding the factors that effect maximal fat oxidation. (2018) · cites this paper as [47]
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- Authors
- MARTIN, W. H.
- Affiliations
- United States Department of Veterans Affairs (US)
- Corresponding author
- MARTIN, WADE H.
- ORCID
- MARTIN, WADE H.
- Venue
- Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews
- Published
- 1996
- Volume
- 24
- Pages
- 203???232
- ISSN
- 0091-6331 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2044684580
- Cited by
- 105
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 9.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5p41rr000954-34, 5r01hl041290-05)
- National Institute on Aging (AG 00078)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL-41290)
- National Center for Research Resources (RR 00954)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Keywords
- fat metabolism, fatty acid oxidation, endurance training, acute exercise, exercise training, lipolysis, plasma free fatty acids, intramuscular triglycerides, skeletal muscle, sympathoadrenal response, catecholamines, insulin, energy substrate utilization
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Physiological, Exercise Test, Fatty Acids, Humans, Lipolysis, Muscle Contraction, Nutritional Status, Oxygen Consumption, Physical Endurance, Triglycerides, Exercise, Muscle, Skeletal
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