Cited by 187Cardiovascular and exercise physiologyExercise and Physiological ResponsesMitochondrial Function and Pathology

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Adaptation of skeletal muscle to endurance exercise

HOLLOSZY, JOHN O.·1975·Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise

DOI 10.1249/00005768-197500730-00013

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Abstract

Skeletal muscle adapts to endurance excerise, such as long distance running, with an increase in the capacity for aerobic metabolism. This is reflected in an increased capacity of whole homogenates and of the mitochondrial fraction of muscle to oxidize pyruvate and long chain fatty acids. Underlying this increase in the ability to obtain energy by respiration is an increase in the levels of a number of mitochondrial enzymes. These include the enzymes involved in fatty acid oxidation, the enzymes of the citric acid cycle, the components of the respiratory chain that link the oxidation of succinate and NADH to oxygen, and coupling factor 1. These increases in mitochondrial enzyme activity appear to be due to an increase in enzyme protein as evidenced by a doubling of the concentration of cytochrome c and a 60% increase in the protein content of the mitochondrial fraction skeletal muscle. Electronmicroscopic studies suggest that increases in both the size and number of mitochondria are responsible for the increase in mitochondrial protein. An alteration in mitochondrial composition also occurs, with some mitochondrial enzymes increasing 2-fold, others increasing only 35% to 60%, while others, including mitochondrial alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, creatine phosphokinase and adenylate kinase do not increase at all. As a result of these and other exercise induced biochemical adaptations skeletal muscle tends to become more like heart muscle in its enzyme pattern.

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Authors: HOLLOSZY, J. O.
Affiliations: Washington University in St. Louis (US)
Corresponding author: HOLLOSZY, JOHN O.
Venue: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published: 1975
Volume: 7
Issue: 3
Pages: 155???164
ISSN: 0195-9131 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1249/00005768-197500730-00013
OpenAlex: W2035731143
Cited by: 186
References: 0
Citations by year: 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 2
FWCI: 10.38
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Exercise and Physiological Responses
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
Keywords: skeletal muscle, endurance exercise, aerobic metabolism, mitochondrial enzymes, fatty acid oxidation, TCA cycle, electron transport chain, coupling factor 1, cytochrome c, mitochondrial protein content, mitochondrial biogenesis, muscle fiber type shift, long-distance running
MeSH terms: Adaptation, Physiological, Adenosine Diphosphate, Adenosine Triphosphate, Adenylate Kinase, Animals, Creatine Kinase, Energy Transfer, Physical Exertion, Glycerolphosphate Dehydrogenase, Hexokinase, Humans, Lactates, Male, Mitochondria, Muscle, Muscles, Myocardium, Myoglobin, NAD, NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases, Oxygen Consumption, Rats

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Adaptation of skeletal muscle to endurance exercise

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