The effectiveness of weight-belts during the squat exercise
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of weight-belts during the performance of the parallel squat exercise. Six subjects were filmed (40 fps) as they performed three trials at each of three belt conditions (NB, none; LB, light; HB, heavy) in random order and three load conditions (70, 80, 90% 1RM (one repetition maximum] in increasing order. The parameters examined were collected and interfaced to a computer via an analog-to-digital (A/D) converter: ground reaction forces, intra-abdominal pressure (IAP), and EMG for the rectus abdominus (RA), external oblique (EO), and erector spinae (ES) muscles. Most differences were observed during the 90% 1RM condition, and only they are presented in this paper. Maximum IAP values were always greater (P less than 0.05) for the weight-belt conditions (LB, 29.2; HB, 29.1 greater th an NB, 26,8 kPa). Similar results were observed for the mean IAP. The integrated EMG (iEMG) activity of the muscles and adjusted mean values for back compressive force and back muscle force followed a similar but opposite pattern, with NB being the greatest. ES mEMG/(L5/S1) values for HB (18.1%) were the least, followed by LB (20.01%) and NB (22.3%). Few differences were observed between belt types. These data suggest that a weight-belt can aid in supporting the trunk by increasing IAP.
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To the best of the authors' knowledge, no previous study has considered how angular and linear kinematics of the back squat vary at different load intensities.
“However, these studies have evaluated the biomechanics of different types of squats but, to the best of our knowledge, none of these have considered how these can vary at different load intensities.”
From Kinematic analysis of the back squat at different load intensities in powerlifters and weightlifters (2024) · cites this paper as [28]
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SPINAL INJURIES IN WEIGHTLIFTERS AND POWERLIFTERS: A NARRATIVE ANALYSIS
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Nishida, C., Lee, P., Kim, N., Levine, S. B., Obana, K. K., Latta, G. K., Danaher, M. J., & Trofa, D. P. (2025) · Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1177/23259671251397390
“21,22,40,43 Despite the well-established benefits that resistance training offers to older adults, including improvements in bone mineral density, muscle strength, and fall prevention, geriatric patients were severely underrepresented in this study.”
Huang, Y., García‐Ramos, A., Chen, Z., Li, Z., Yu, J., Geng, Y., Li, D., Jia, B., & Lam, W. (2026) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000005523
Vesting, S., Rodrigues, M. P., & McLean, L. (2026) · International Urogynecology Journal · doi:10.1007/s00192-026-06635-2
- Authors
- LANDER, J. E., SIMONTON, R. L., & GIACOBBE, J. K. F.
- Affiliations
- Auburn University (US)
- Venue
- Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
- Published
- 1990-02
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 117???126
- ISSN
- 0195-9131 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2024701486
- Cited by
- 92
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 4 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 2.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Muscle activation and electromyography studies
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Lower Extremity Biomechanics and Pathologies
- Keywords
- squatting, intra-abdominal pressure, ground reaction force, erector spinae, rectus abdominis, external oblique, electromyography, trunk support, loading conditions
- MeSH terms
- Abdomen, Adult, Biomechanical Phenomena, Electromyography, Equipment Design, Evaluation Studies as Topic, Humans, Joints, Male, Pressure, Protective Devices, Spine, Weight Lifting
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