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Effects of Respiratory Muscle Endurance Training in Hypoxia on Running Performance
Abstract
Purpose: We hypothesized that respiratory muscle endurance training (RMET) in hypoxia induces greater improvements in respiratory muscle endurance with attenuated respiratory muscle metaboreflex and consequent whole-body performance. We evaluated respiratory muscle endurance and cardiovascular response during hyperpnoea and whole-body running performance before and after RMET in normoxia and hypoxia. Methods: Twenty-one collegiate endurance runners were assigned to control ( n = 7), normoxic ( n = 7), and hypoxic ( n = 7) groups. Before and after the 6 wk of RMET, incremental respiratory endurance test and constant exercise tests were performed. The constant exercise test was performed on a treadmill at 95% of the individual’s peak oxygen uptake (V˙O 2peak ). The RMET was isocapnic hyperpnoea under normoxic and hypoxic conditions (30 min·d −1 ). The initial target of minute ventilation during RMET was set to 50% of the individual maximal voluntary ventilation, and the target increased progressively during the 6 wk. Target arterial oxygen saturation in the hypoxic group was set to 90% in the first 2 wk, and thereafter it was set to 80%. Results: Respiratory muscle endurance was increased after RMET in the normoxic and hypoxic groups. The time to exhaustion at 95% V˙O 2peak exercise also increased after RMET in the normoxic (10.2 ± 2.4 to 11.2 ± 2.6 min) and hypoxic (11.5 ± 2.6 to 12.6 ± 3.0 min) groups, but not in the control group (9.6 ± 3.2 to 9.4 ± 4.0 min). The magnitude of these changes did not differ between the normoxic and the hypoxic groups ( P = 0.84). Conclusion: These results suggest that the improvement of respiratory muscle endurance and blunted respiratory muscle metaboreflex could, in part, contribute to improved endurance performance in endurance-trained athletes. However, it is also suggested that there are no additional effects when the RMET is performed in hypoxia.
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“Katayama et al. (2019), in male intercollegiate competitive runners, compared 6 weeks of eucapnic hyperpnea RMET similar to ours performed either in normoxia or in hypoxia (first at 90% and then at 80% SaO2) for 6 weeks. Time to exhaustion at 95% of VO2peak in normoxia was increased after RMET to a similar extent in both groups (9–12%).”
From Sex-Specific Effects of Respiratory Muscle Endurance Training on Cycling Time Trial Performance in Normoxia and Hypoxia (2021) · cites this paper as Katayama et al. (2019)
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“However, the response of exercise blood pressure was attenuated after RMET similarly in both groups, suggesting a decrease of the metaboreflex of the respiratory muscles.”
From Sex-Specific Effects of Respiratory Muscle Endurance Training on Cycling Time Trial Performance in Normoxia and Hypoxia (2021) · cites this paper as Katayama et al. (2019)
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Cited by
Chambault, J., Grand, G., & Kayser, B. (2021) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2021.700620 · Cited by 12
Metadata
- Authors
- KATAYAMA, K., GOTO, K., OHYA, T., IWAMOTO, E., TAKAO, K., KASAI, N., SUMI, D., MORI, H., ISHIDA, K., SHIMIZU, K., SHIOZAWA, K., & SUZUKI, Y.
- Affiliations
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, JAPAN;
- School of Health and Sport Sciences, Chukyo University, Toyota, JAPAN;
- School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, JAPAN;
- Graduate School of Sport and Health Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, JAPAN;
- Graduate School of Education and Human Development, Nagoya University, Nagoya, JAPAN; and
- Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, JAPAN;
- Japan Institute of Sports Science, Tokyo, JAPAN
- Venue
- Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
- Published
- 2019-02-19
- Volume
- 51
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1477-1486
- ISSN
- 1530-0315
- 0195-9131
- Cited by
- 14
- References
- 4
- Language
- en
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