Consequences of exercise-induced respiratory muscle work
Abstract
We briefly review the evidence for a hypothesis, which links the ventilatory response to heavy intensity, sustained exercise-to-exercise performance limitation in health. A key step in this linkage is a respiratory muscle fatigue-induced metaboreflex, which increases sympathetic vasoconstrictor outflow, causing reduced blood flow to locomotor muscles and locomotor muscle fatigue. In turn, the limb fatigue comprises an important dual contribution to both peripheral and central fatigue mechanisms, which contribute to limiting exercise performance. Clinical implications for respiratory limitations to exercise in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD) and chronic heart failure (CHF) are discussed and key unresolved problems are outlined.
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Apical breathing causes reliance on fatiguable accessory muscles, underutilising the diaphragm, further increasing work of breathing and intensifying breathlessness.
“Apical breathing causes reliance on fatiguable accessory muscles of respiration, underutilising the efficient and relatively fatigue-resistant diaphragmatic muscle, further increasing the work of breathing and intensifying breathlessness.”
From The Breathing, Thinking, Functioning clinical model: a proposal to facilitate evidence-based breathlessness management in chronic respiratory disease (2017) · cites this paper as [32]
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- Authors
- Dempsey, J. A., Romer, L., Rodman, J., Miller, J., & Smith, C.
- Affiliations
- University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
- Corresponding author
- Dempsey, Jerome A.
- Venue
- Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2006-04
- Volume
- 151
- Issue
- 2-3
- Pages
- 242-250
- ISSN
- 1569-9048 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1973218442
- Cited by
- 398
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 23 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 34 · 2019: 26 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 22
- FWCI
- 3.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- American Heart Association
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Neuroscience of respiration and sleep
- Keywords
- muscle metaboreflex, ventilatory response, central fatigue, peripheral fatigue, sympathetic vasoconstriction, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic heart failure, respiratory muscle work
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Humans, Models, Biological, Physical Endurance, Respiratory Muscles, Exercise, Muscle, Skeletal, Muscle Fatigue
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