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Metabolic Flexibility during Exercise in Children with Obesity and Matched Controls
Abstract
Background: Impaired metabolic flexibility (MetFlex) could contribute to ectopic fat accumulation and pathological conditions, such as type 2 diabetes. MetFlex refers to the ability to adapt substrate oxidation to availability. To the best of our knowledge, no studies have examined MetFlex under exercise conditions in children with obesity (OB) compared with a control group (CON) without obesity. Therefore, the primary objective was to compare MetFlex during exercise in children with OB compared with CON matched for chronological age, sex, and biological maturation. A better understanding of MetFlex could help elucidate its role in the pathogenesis of childhood obesity and insulin resistance. Methods: Children with obesity and without obesity age 8 to 17 yr attended two visits, which included anthropometric measurements, blood work (OB group only), a maximal aerobic fitness (V˙O 2max ) test, and MetFlex test with a 13 C-enriched carbohydrate (1.75 g per kg of body mass, up to 75 g) ingested before 60 min of exercise at 45% V˙O 2max . Breath measurements were collected to calculate exogenous CHO (CHO exo ) oxidative efficiency as a measure of MetFlex. Results: CHO exo oxidative efficiency (CHO exo oxidized/CHO ingested × 100) during exercise was significantly lower in OB (17.3% ± 4.0%) compared with CON (22.6% ± 4.7%, P < 0.001). CHO exo contributed less to total energy expenditure during exercise in OB compared with CON ( P < 0.001), whereas the contribution of endogenous CHO ( P = 0.19) and total fat was not significantly different ( P = 0.91). Conclusions: The ability to oxidize oral CHO, an indicator of MetFlex, was 23.5% lower in children with obesity compared with controls, independent of age, sex, and pubertal effects. Thus, obesity at a young age could be associated with reduced MetFlex and future comorbidities.
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“While the impact of developmental age on CHO-mediated training adaptations remains unclear, a reduced capacity to adapt to changes in CHO availability observed in obese versus non-obese adults [45] also appears evident in those aged 8–17 years [46].”
From Youth Athlete Development and Nutrition (2021) · cites this paper as [46]
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Cites
Metabolic Flexibility in Health and Disease
Goodpaster, B. H., & Sparks, L. M. (2017) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2017.04.015 · Cited by 995
Metabolic Flexibility as an Adaptation to Energy Resources and Requirements in Health and Disease
Smith, R. L., Soeters, M. R., Wüst, R. C. I., & Houtkooper, R. H. (2018) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2017-00211 · Cited by 787 · cited 2×
“A P Metabolic flexibility (MetFlex) refers to the ability of a system to efficiently adapt substrate metabolism to substrate availability based on demand and supply (1,2).”
BackgroundMetabolic flexibility and insulin resistance
Galgani, J. E., Moro, C., & Ravussin, E. (2008) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.90558.2008 · Cited by 532 · cited 1×
“A P Metabolic flexibility (MetFlex) refers to the ability of a system to efficiently adapt substrate metabolism to substrate availability based on demand and supply (1,2).”
BackgroundGender differences in substrate for endurance exercise
Tarnopolsky, L. J., MacDougall, J. D., Atkinson, S. A., Tarnopolsky, M. A., & Sutton, J. R. (1990) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1990.68.1.302 · Cited by 470 · cited 1×
“Although biological maturation was matched between groups to the best of our ability, we were unable to match for menstrual cycle phase in the female participants, and this has been previously shown to influence substrate oxidation (27,28).”
MethodEffects of Obesity on Substrate Utilization during Exercise
Goodpaster, B. H., Wolfe, R. R., & Kelley, D. E. (2002) · Obesity Research · doi:10.1038/oby.2002.78 · Cited by 169
Oxidation of nonplasma fatty acids during exercise is increased in women with abdominal obesity
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Cited by
Youth Athlete Development and Nutrition
Desbrow, B. (2021) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-021-01534-6 · Cited by 159
Metadata
- Authors
- CHU, L., MORRISON, K. M., RIDDELL, M. C., RAHA, S., & TIMMONS, B. W.
- Venue
- Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
- Published
- 2020-06-10
- Volume
- 53
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 159-164
- ISSN
- 1530-0315
- 0195-9131
- Cited by
- 4
- References
- 7
- Language
- en
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