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Cited by 28Lower Extremity Biomechanics and PathologiesEating Disorders and BehaviorsOccupational Health and Performance

Menstrual Function, Eating Disorders, Low Energy Availability, and Musculoskeletal Injuries in British Servicewomen

O’LEARY, THOMAS J., COOMBS, CHARLOTTE V., PERRETT, CAITLIN, DOUBLE, REBECCA L., KEAY, NICKY, WARDLE, SOPHIE L., GREEVES, JULIE P.·2023·Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
DOI 10.1249/mss.0000000000003154
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Abstract

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate associations between menstrual function, eating disorders, and risk of low energy availability with musculoskeletal injuries in British servicewomen. Methods: All women younger than 45 yr in the UK Armed Forces were invited to complete a survey about menstrual function, eating behaviors, exercise behaviors, and injury history. Results: A total of 3022 women participated; 2% had a bone stress injury in the last 12 months, 20% had ever had a bone stress injury, 40% had a time-loss musculoskeletal injury in the last 12 months, and 11% were medically downgraded for a musculoskeletal injury. Menstrual disturbances (oligomenorrhea/amenorrhea, history of amenorrhea, and delayed menarche) were not associated with injury. Women at high risk of disordered eating (Female Athlete Screening Tool score >94) were at higher risk of history of a bone stress injury (odds ratio (OR; 95% confidence interval (CI)), 2.29 (1.67–3.14); P < 0.001) and time-loss injury in the last 12 months (OR (95% CI), 1.56 (1.21–2.03); P < 0.001) than women at low risk of disordered eating. Women at high risk of low energy availability (Low Energy Availability in Females Questionnaire score ≥8) were at higher risk of bone stress injury in the last 12 months (OR (95% CI), 3.62 (2.07–6.49); P < 0.001), history of a bone stress injury (OR (95% CI), 2.08 (1.66–2.59); P < 0.001), a time-loss injury in the last 12 months (OR (95% CI), 9.69 (7.90–11.9); P < 0.001), and being medically downgraded with an injury (OR (95% CI), 3.78 (2.84–5.04); P < 0.001) than women at low risk of low energy availability. Conclusions: Eating disorders and risk of low energy availability provide targets for protecting against musculoskeletal injuries in servicewomen.

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Authors
O’LEARY, T. J., COOMBS, C. V., PERRETT, C., DOUBLE, R. L., KEAY, N., WARDLE, S. L., & GREEVES, J. P.
Affiliations
  • United States Army (US)
  • University College London (GB)
  • Division of Medicine, UCL, London, UNITED KINGDOM
  • University of East Anglia (GB)
Corresponding author
O’LEARY, THOMAS J.
ORCID
Venue
Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
Publisher
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published
2023-02-24
Volume
55
Issue
7
Pages
1307-1316
ISSN
  • 0195-9131 (ISSN-L)
  • 1530-0315
DOI
10.1249/mss.0000000000003154
OpenAlex
W4323658131
Cited by
28
References
50
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 2
FWCI
2.21
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Lower Extremity Biomechanics and Pathologies
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › Occupational Therapy › Occupational Health and Performance
Keywords
menstrual function, eating disorders, low energy availability, musculoskeletal injuries, bone stress injuries, servicewomen, women in the military, amenorrhea, oligomenorrhea, delayed menarche, disordered eating, injury prevention, exercise behavior, dietary habits
MeSH terms
Amenorrhea, Feeding and Eating Disorders, Female, Humans, Menstruation, Menstruation Disturbances, Exercise

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