Cited by 1,912Urban Transport and AccessibilityUrban Green Space and HealthUrban Design and Spatial Analysis

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 66 of the 68 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Built Environment Correlates of Walking: A Review

Open access

SAELENS, BRIAN E., HANDY, SUSAN L.·2008·Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise

DOI 10.1249/mss.0b013e31817c67a4PMC PMC2921187

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: The past decade has seen a dramatic increase in empirical investigation into the relations between built environment and physical activity. To create places that facilitate and encourage walking, practitioners need an understanding of the specific characteristics of the built environment that correlate most strongly with walking. This article reviews evidence on the built environment correlates with walking. METHOD: Included in this review were 13 reviews published between 2002 and 2006 and 29 original studies published in 2005 and up through May 2006. Results were summarized based on specific characteristics of the built environment and transportation walking versus recreational walking. RESULTS: Previous reviews and newer studies document consistent positive relations between walking for transportation and density, distance to nonresidential destinations, and land use mix; findings for route/network connectivity, parks and open space, and personal safety are more equivocal. Results regarding recreational walking were less clear. CONCLUSIONS: More recent evidence supports the conclusions of prior reviews, and new studies address some of the limitations of earlier studies. Although prospective studies are needed, evidence on correlates appears sufficient to support policy changes.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1249/mss.0b013e31817c67a4

Cites

66 of 66 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Environmental correlates of walking and cycling: Findings from the transportation, urban design, and planning literatures
Saelens, B. E., Sallis, J. F., & Frank, L. D. (2003) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1207/s15324796abm2502_03 · Cited by 2,285
Self-citation
The effectiveness of interventions to increase physical activityA systematic review1 and 2
KAHN, E., RAMSEY, L., BROWNSON, R., HEATH, G., HOWZE, E., POWELL, K., STONE, E., RAJAB, M., & CORSO, P. (2002) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0749-3797(02)00434-8 · Cited by 2,022
How the built environment affects physical activity
Handy, S., Boarnet, M. G., Ewing, R., & Killingsworth, R. E. (2002) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0749-3797(02)00475-0 · Cited by 1,920
Self-citation
Environmental factors associated with adults' participation in physical activity A review
Humpel, N. (2002) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0749-3797(01)00426-3 · Cited by 1,783
Increasing walking
Giles‐Corti, B., Broomhall, M. H., Knuiman, M. W., Collins, C. G., Douglas, K., Ng, K., Lange, A., & Donovan, R. J. (2005) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2004.10.018 · Cited by 1,523
Many Pathways from Land Use to Health: Associations between Neighborhood Walkability and Active Transportation, Body Mass Index, and Air Quality
Frank, L. D., Sallis, J. F., Conway, T. L., Chapman, J. E., Saelens, B. E., & Bachman, W. (2006) · Journal of the American Planning Association · doi:10.1080/01944360608976725 · Cited by 1,426
Self-citation
Understanding environmental influences on walking
Owen, N. G., Humpel, N., Leslie, E. R., Bauman, A. E., & Sallis, J. F. (2004) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2004.03.006 · Cited by 1,348
A Prospective Study of Walking as Compared with Vigorous Exercise in the Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease in Women
Manson, J. E., Hu, F. B., Rich-Edwards, J. W., Colditz, G. A., Stampfer, M. J., Willett, W. C., Speizer, F. E., & Hennekens, C. H. (1999) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199908263410904 · Cited by 1,005
Perceived and objective environmental measures and physical activity among urban adults
Hoehner, C. M., Ramirez, L. K. B., Elliott, M., Handy, S., & Brownson, R. C. (2005) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2004.10.023 · Cited by 898
Self-citation
Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale
Cerin, E., Saelens, B. E., Sallis, J. F., & Frank, L. D. (2006) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000227639.83607.4d · Cited by 822
Self-citation

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 68 references

2 of the 68 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 2

Ewing, 2005, Neighborhood schools and sidewalk connections: What are the impacts on travel mode choice and vehicle emissions?, Transport Res News, 237, 4
Spence, 2006, Perceived neighbourhood correlates of walking among participants visiting the Canada on the Move website., Can J Public Health, 97, S36

Sorted by citations

Items 301–400 of 1,000

Neighborhood Design, Physical Activity, and Wellbeing: Applying the Walkability Model
Zúñiga-Terán, A. A., Orr, B. J., Gimblett, R. H., Chalfoun, N. V., Guertin, D. P., & Marsh, S. E. (2017) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph14010076 · Cited by 85
Using a flexible multivariate latent class approach to model correlated outcomes: A joint analysis of pedestrian and cyclist injuries
Heydari, S., Fu, L., Miranda-Moreno, L., & Jopseph, L. (2016) · Analytic Methods in Accident Research · doi:10.1016/j.amar.2016.12.002 · Cited by 84
Equity in Microscale Urban Design and Walkability: A Photographic Survey of Six Pittsburgh Streetscapes
Bereitschaft, B. (2017) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su9071233 · Cited by 84
Walkability and urban built environments—a systematic review of health impact assessments (HIA)
Westenhöfer, J., Nouri, E., Reschke, M. L., Seebach, F., & Buchcik, J. (2023) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-023-15394-4 · Cited by 98
Developing a 15-minute city: A comparative study of four Italian Cities-Cagliari, Perugia, Pisa, and Trieste
Murgante, B., Patimisco, L., & Annunziata, A. (2024) · Cities · doi:10.1016/j.cities.2023.104765 · Cited by 84
Measuring the quality of the first/last mile connection to public transport
Venter, C. J. (2020) · Research in Transportation Economics · doi:10.1016/j.retrec.2020.100949 · Cited by 83
Seven Metaphors to Understand Digital Twins of Built Assets
Camposano, J. C., Smolander, K., & Ruippo, T. (2021) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2021.3058009 · Cited by 94
Perceived crime and traffic safety is related to physical activity among adults in Nigeria
Oyeyemi, A. L., Adegoke, B. O. A., Sallis, J. F., Oyeyemi, A. Y., & Bourdeaudhuij, I. D. (2012) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-12-294 · Cited by 82
Objective assessment of walking environments in ultra-dense cities: development and reliability of the Environment in Asia Scan Tool--Hong Kong version (EAST-HK).
Cerin, E., Chan, K., Macfarlane, D., Lee, K.-Y., & Lai, P. (2011) · Health and Place · doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2011.04.005 · Cited by 86
Walking, trip purpose, and exposure to multiple environments: A case study of older adults in Luxembourg
Perchoux, C., Brondeel, R., Wasfi, R., Klein, O., Caruso, G., Vallée, J., Klein, S., Thierry, B., Dijst, M., Chaix, B., et al. (2019) · Journal of Transport & Health · doi:10.1016/j.jth.2019.04.002 · Cited by 82
The impact of interventions in the built environment on physical activity levels: a systematic umbrella review
Zhang, Y., Koene, M., Reijneveld, S. A., Tuinstra, J., Broekhuis, M., van der Spek, S., & Wagenaar, C. (2022) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-022-01399-6 · Cited by 87
Home and Workplace Built Environment Supports for Physical Activity
Adlakha, D., Hipp, J. A., Marx, C. M., Yang, L., Tabak, R. G., Dodson, E. A., & Brownson, R. C. (2014) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2014.08.023 · Cited by 82
Perceived built environment and health-related quality of life in four types of neighborhoods in Xi’an, China
Gao, M., Ahern, J., & Koshland, C. P. (2016) · Health & Place · doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2016.03.008 · Cited by 82
Recent Advances in Preventive Cardiology and Lifestyle Medicine
Franklin, B. A., & Cushman, M. (2011) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.110.981613 · Cited by 82
Measured and perceived environmental characteristics are related to accelerometer defined physical activity in older adults
Strath, S. J., Greenwald, M. J., Isaacs, R., Hart, T. L., Lenz, E. K., Dondzila, C. J., & Swartz, A. M. (2012) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/1479-5868-9-40 · Cited by 81
Exposure to walkable neighbourhoods in urban areas increases utilitarian walking: Longitudinal study of Canadians
Wasfi, R., Dasgupta, K., Eluru, N., & Ross, N. A. (2015) · Journal of Transport & Health · doi:10.1016/j.jth.2015.08.001 · Cited by 81
The relationship between urban sprawl and coronary heart disease in women
Griffin, B. A., Eibner, C., Bird, C. E., Jewell, A., Margolis, K. L., Shih, R. A., Slaughter, M. E., Whitsel, E. A., Allison, M., & Escarce, J. J. (2012) · Health & Place · doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2012.11.003 · Cited by 82
The impact of the built environment on the decision to walk for short trips: Evidence from two Spanish cities
Ferrer, S., & Ruíz, T. (2017) · Transport Policy · doi:10.1016/j.tranpol.2017.04.009 · Cited by 80
Picturing commuting: photovoice and seeking well-being in everyday travel
Guell, C., & Ogilvie, D. (2013) · Qualitative Research · doi:10.1177/1468794112468472 · Cited by 80
Using Google Street View to examine associations between built environment characteristics and U.S. health outcomes
Nguyen, Q. C., Khanna, S., Dwivedi, P., Huang, D., Huang, Y., Taşdizen, T., Brunisholz, K. D., Li, F., Gorman, W., Nguyen, T. T. X., et al. (2019) · Preventive Medicine Reports · doi:10.1016/j.pmedr.2019.100859 · Cited by 76
Neighbourhood preferences, active travel behaviour, and built environment: An exploratory study
Haybatollahi, M., Czepkiewicz, M., Rinne, T. E., & Kyttä, M. (2015) · Transportation Research Part F Traffic Psychology and Behaviour · doi:10.1016/j.trf.2015.01.001 · Cited by 79
Walking for leisure among adults from three Brazilian cities and its association with perceived environment attributes and personal factors
Gomes, G. A., Reis, R. S., Parra, D. C., Ribeiro, I. G., Hino, A. A. F., Hallal, P. C., Malta, D. C., & Brownson, R. C. (2011) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/1479-5868-8-111 · Cited by 79
Do Inequalities in Neighborhood Walkability Drive Disparities in Older Adults’ Outdoor Walking?
Zandieh, R., Flacke, J., Martínez, J. A., Jones, P., & van Maarseveen, M. F. A. M. (2017) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph14070740 · Cited by 79
Urban greenery cushions the decrease in leisure-time physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic: A natural experimental study
Yang, Y., Lü, Y., Yang, L., Gou, Z., & Liu, Y. (2021) · Urban forestry & urban greening · doi:10.1016/j.ufug.2021.127136 · Cited by 88
Using machine learning to examine street green space types at a high spatial resolution: Application in Los Angeles County on socioeconomic disparities in exposure
Sun, Y., Wang, X., Zhu, J., Chen, L., Jia, Y., Lawrence, J. M., Jiang, L., Xie, X. S., & Wu, J. Y. (2021) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147653 · Cited by 78
An assessment of the relevance of the home neighbourhood for understanding environmental influences on physical activity: how far from home do people roam?
Hillsdon, M., Coombes, E., Griew, P., & Jones, A. (2015) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-015-0260-y · Cited by 78
Walking, obesity and urban design in Chinese neighborhoods
Alfonzo, M., Guo, Z., Lin, L., & Day, K. (2014) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.10.002 · Cited by 78
Physical activity classification in free-living conditions using smartphone accelerometer data and exploration of predicted results
Lee, K., & Kwan, M. (2017) · Computers Environment and Urban Systems · doi:10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2017.09.012 · Cited by 78
Association between the perceived environment and physical activity among adults in Latin America: a systematic review
Arango-Paternina, C. M., Páez, D. C., Reis, R. S., Brownson, R. C., & Parra, D. C. (2013) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/1479-5868-10-122 · Cited by 77
When local access matters: A detailed analysis of place, neighbourhood amenities and travel choice
Elldér, E., Haugen, K., & Vilhelmson, B. (2020) · Urban Studies · doi:10.1177/0042098020951001 · Cited by 77
The relationship between cluster-analysis derived walkability and local recreational and transportation walking among Canadian adults
McCormack, G. R., Friedenreich, C. M., Sandalack, B. A., Giles‐Corti, B., Doyle–Baker, P. K., & Shiell, A. (2012) · Health & Place · doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2012.04.014 · Cited by 81
The built environment and utilitarian walking in small U.S. towns
Doescher, M. P., Lee, C., Berke, E. M., Adachi‐Mejia, A. M., Lee, C.-K., Stewart, O. T., Patterson, D. G., Hurvitz, P. M., Carlos, H. A., Duncan, G. E., et al. (2014) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.08.027 · Cited by 77
Neighborhood Walking Among Overweight and Obese Adults: Age Variations in Barriers and Motivators
Lee, C., Ory, M. G., Yoon, J., & Forjuoh, S. N. (2012) · Journal of Community Health · doi:10.1007/s10900-012-9592-6 · Cited by 81
A spatial analysis of health-related resources in three diverse metropolitan areas
Smiley, M. J., Roux, A. V. D., Brines, S. J., Brown, D. G., Evenson, K. R., & Rodrı́guez, D. A. (2010) · Health & Place · doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2010.04.014 · Cited by 77
A high resolution agent-based model to support walk-bicycle infrastructure investment decisions: A case study with New York City
Aziz, H. M. A., Park, B. H., Morton, A. M., Stewart, R., Hilliard, M. R., & Maness, M. (2017) · Transportation Research Part C Emerging Technologies · doi:10.1016/j.trc.2017.11.008 · Cited by 77
Utilizing thermal comfort and walking facilities to propose a comfort walkability index (CWI) at the neighbourhood level
Labdaoui, K., Mazouz, S., Acidi, A., Cools, M., Moeinaddini, M., & Teller, J. (2021) · Building and Environment · doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2021.107627 · Cited by 76
Analysing gender differences in the perceived safety from street view imagery
Cui, Q., Zhang, Y., Yang, G., Huang, Y.-T., & Chen, Y. (2023) · International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation · doi:10.1016/j.jag.2023.103537 · Cited by 76
How ‘age-friendly’ are rural communities and what community characteristics are related to age-friendliness? The case of rural Manitoba, Canada
Menec, V. H., Hutton, L., Newall, N. E. G., Nowicki, S., Spina, J., & VESELYUK, D. M. (2013) · Ageing and Society · doi:10.1017/s0144686x13000627 · Cited by 76
Disentangling the relative influence of built and socioeconomic environments on walking: The contribution of areas homogenous along exposures of interest
Riva, M., Gauvin, L. I., Apparicio, P., & Brodeur, J. (2009) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.07.019 · Cited by 76
Space, race, and poverty: Spatial inequalities in walkable neighborhood amenities?
Duncan, D. T., Aldstadt, J., Whalen, J., White, K., Castro, M. C., & Williams, D. R. (2012) · Demographic Research · doi:10.4054/demres.2012.26.17 · Cited by 76
Compact, Walkable, Diverse Neighborhoods:Assessing Effects on Residents
Talen, E., & Koschinsky, J. (2014) · Housing Policy Debate · doi:10.1080/10511482.2014.900102 · Cited by 82
Examining the relationship between communities' 'age-friendliness' and life satisfaction and self-perceived health in rural Manitoba, Canada
Menec, V. H., & Nowicki, S. (2014) · Rural and Remote Health · doi:10.22605/rrh2594 · Cited by 74
Optimising measurement of health-related characteristics of the built environment: Comparing data collected by foot-based street audits, virtual street audits and routine secondary data sources
Pliakas, T., Hawkesworth, S., Silverwood, R. J., Nanchahal, K., Grundy, C., Armstrong, B., Casas, J. P., Morris, R. W., Wilkinson, P., & Lock, K. (2016) · Health & Place · doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2016.10.001 · Cited by 75
Assessing Sidewalk and Corridor Walkability in Developing Countries
Shaaban, K. S. (2019) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su11143865 · Cited by 75
Active Commuting and Habit Strength: An Interactive and Discriminant Analyses Approach
de Bruijn, G., & Gardner, B. (2010) · American Journal of Health Promotion · doi:10.4278/ajhp.090521-quan-170 · Cited by 73
What is the meaning of urban liveability for a city in a low-to-middle-income country? Contextualising liveability for Bangkok, Thailand
Alderton, A., Davern, M. T., Nitvimol, K., Butterworth, I., Higgs, C., Ryan, E., & Badland, H. M. (2019) · Globalization and Health · doi:10.1186/s12992-019-0484-8 · Cited by 74
Impact of Participant Incentives and Direct and Snowball Sampling on Survey Response Rate in an Ethnically Diverse Community: Results from a Pilot Study of Physical Activity and the Built Environment
Perez, D. F., Nie, J. X., Ardern, C. I., Radhu, N., & Ritvo, P. (2011) · Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health · doi:10.1007/s10903-011-9525-y · Cited by 74
Evaluating the structure and use of hiking trails in recreational areas using a mixed GPS tracking and graph theory approach
Taczanowska, K., González, L.-M., García‐Massó, X., Muhar, A., Brandenburg, C., & Toca-Herrera, J. L. (2014) · Applied Geography · doi:10.1016/j.apgeog.2014.09.011 · Cited by 74
Accounting for the daily locations visited in the study of the built environment correlates of recreational walking (the RECORD Cohort Study)
Perchoux, C., Kestens, Y., Brondeel, R., & Chaix, B. (2015) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.08.010 · Cited by 74
Development of destination choice models for pedestrian travel
Clifton, K. J., Singleton, P. A., Muhs, C. D., & Schneider, R. J. (2016) · Transportation Research Part A Policy and Practice · doi:10.1016/j.tra.2016.09.017 · Cited by 74
The Need for Time-Intensive Information in Healthful Eating and Physical Activity Research: A Timely Topic
Dunton, G. F., & Atienza, A. A. (2009) · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · doi:10.1016/j.jada.2008.10.019 · Cited by 73
Identifying built environmental patterns using cluster analysis and GIS: Relationships with walking, cycling and body mass index in French adults
Charreire, H., Weber, C., Chaix, B., Salze, P., Casey, R., Banos, A., Badariotti, D., Kesse-Guyot, E., Hercberg, S., Simon, C., et al. (2012) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/1479-5868-9-59 · Cited by 82
Public transit, active travel, and the journey to school: a cross-nested logit analysis
Ermagun, A., & Levinson, D. M. (2016) · Transportmetrica A Transport Science · doi:10.1080/23249935.2016.1207723 · Cited by 73
A GPS-Based Methodology to Analyze Environment-Health Associations at the Trip Level: Case-Crossover Analyses of Built Environments and Walking
Chaix, B., Kestens, Y., Duncan, D. T., Brondeel, R., Méline, J. C., Aarbaoui, T. E., Pannier, B., & Merlo, J. (2016) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kww071 · Cited by 72
Neighborhood Design for Walking and Biking
Brown, B. B., Smith, K. R., Hanson, H. A., Fan, J. X., Kowaleski‐Jones, L., & Zick, C. D. (2013) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2012.10.024 · Cited by 72
Planning safer suburbs: Do changes in the built environment influence residents' perceptions of crime risk?
Foster, S. A., Wood, L. J., Christian, H. E., Knuiman, M. W., & Giles‐Corti, B. (2013) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.08.010 · Cited by 72
The environmental correlates of overall and neighborhood based recreational walking (a cross-sectional analysis of the RECORD Study)
Chaix, B., Simon, C., Charreire, H., Thomas, F., Kestens, Y., Karusisi, N., Vallée, J., Oppert, J., Weber, C., & Pannier, B. (2014) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/1479-5868-11-20 · Cited by 72
Walking for Transportation and Leisure among U.S. Adults—National Health Interview Survey 2010
Paul, P., Carlson, S. A., Carroll, D. D., Berrigan, D. A., & Fulton, J. E. (2014) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2013-0519 · Cited by 72
Environmental factors associated with overweight among adults in Nigeria
Oyeyemi, A. L., Adegoke, B. O. A., Oyeyemi, A. Y., Deforche, B. I., Bourdeaudhuij, I. D., & Sallis, J. F. (2012) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/1479-5868-9-32 · Cited by 72
A retrospective study on changes in residents' physical activities, social interactions, and neighborhood cohesion after moving to a walkable community
Zhu, X., Yu, C.-Y., Lee, C., Lu, Z., & Mann, G. (2014) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.08.013 · Cited by 80
NEWS for Africa: adaptation and reliability of a built environment questionnaire for physical activity in seven African countries
Oyeyemi, A. L., Kasoma, S. S., Onywera, V. O., Assah, F. K., Adedoyin, R. A., Conway, T. L., Moss, S. J., Ocansey, R. T.-A., Kolbe-Alexander, T. L., Akinroye, K., et al. (2016) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-016-0357-y · Cited by 78
Analysis of the impact of street-scale built environment design near metro stations on pedestrian and cyclist road segment choice: A stated choice experiment
Liu, Y., Yang, D., Timmermans, H. J. P., & de Vries, B. (2019) · Journal of Transport Geography · doi:10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2019.102570 · Cited by 71
Examining the influence of neighborhood and street-level built environment on fitness jogging in Chengdu, China: A massive GPS trajectory data analysis
Yang, W., Hu, J., Liu, Y., & Guo, W. (2023) · Journal of Transport Geography · doi:10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2023.103575 · Cited by 72
Physical activity as a mediator of the associations between neighborhood walkability and adiposity in Belgian adults
Dyck, D. V., Cerin, E., Cardon, G., Deforche, B. I., Sallis, J. F., Owen, N. G., & Bourdeaudhuij, I. D. (2010) · Health & Place · doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2010.05.011 · Cited by 71
Built environment configuration and change in body mass index: The Caerphilly Prospective Study (CaPS)
Sarkar, C., Gallacher, J., & Webster, C. J. (2012) · Health & Place · doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2012.10.001 · Cited by 78
Do neighborhood environments moderate the effect of physical activity lifestyle interventions in adults?
Kerr, J., Norman, G. J., Adams, M. A., Ryan, S., Frank, L. D., Sallis, J. F., Calfas, K. J., & Patrick, K. (2010) · Health & Place · doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2010.05.002 · Cited by 71
What matters when it comes to “Walk and the city”? Defining a weighted GIS-based walkability index
Bartzokas-Tsiompras, A., & Photis, Y. N. (2017) · Transportation research procedia · doi:10.1016/j.trpro.2017.06.001 · Cited by 71
Patterns of Walkability, Transit, and Recreation Environment for Physical Activity
Adams, M. A., Todd, M. W., Kurka, J. M., Conway, T. L., Cain, K. L., Frank, L. D., & Sallis, J. F. (2015) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2015.05.024 · Cited by 70
Environmental supports for walking/biking and traffic safety: Income and ethnicity disparities
Yu, C.-Y. (2014) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.06.028 · Cited by 76
Sustainable urban design – a (draft) framework
Larco, N. (2015) · Journal of Urban Design · doi:10.1080/13574809.2015.1071649 · Cited by 70
Environmental, psychological, and social influences on physical activity among Japanese adults: structural equation modeling analysis
Ishii, K., Shibata, A., & Oka, K. (2010) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/1479-5868-7-61 · Cited by 73
Neighborhood Landscape Spatial Patterns and Land Surface Temperature: An Empirical Study on Single-Family Residential Areas in Austin, Texas
Kim, J., Gu, D., Sohn, W., Kil, S., Kim, H., & Lee, D.-K. (2016) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph13090880 · Cited by 73
Using walkability measures to identify train stations with the potential to become transit oriented developments located in walkable neighbourhoods
Jeffrey, D. J., Boulangé, C., Giles‐Corti, B., Washington, S. P., & Gunn, L. (2019) · Journal of Transport Geography · doi:10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2019.03.009 · Cited by 70
Perceptions of the Built Environment and Associations With Walking Among Retirement Village Residents
Nathan, A., Wood, L. J., & Giles‐Corti, B. (2012) · Environment and Behavior · doi:10.1177/0013916512450173 · Cited by 71
Relationships Between Neighborhoods, Physical Activity, and Obesity: A Multilevel Analysis of a Large Canadian City
Prince, S. A., Kristjansson, E., Russell, K., Billette, J., Sawada, M. C., Ali, A. M., Tremblay, M. S., & Prud’homme, D. (2012) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2011.392 · Cited by 69
Neighbourhood walkability, daily steps and utilitarian walking in Canadian adults
Hajna, S., Ross, N. A., Joseph, L., Harper, S. B., & Dasgupta, K. (2015) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2015-008964 · Cited by 69
Perceived and Objective Measures of Neighborhood Walkability and Physical Activity among Adults in Japan: A Multilevel Analysis of a Nationally Representative Sample
Hanibuchi, T., Nakaya, T., Yonejima, M., & Honjo, K. (2015) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph121013350 · Cited by 72
Active Transportation on a Complete Street: Perceived and Audited Walkability Correlates
Jensen, W. A., Brown, B. B., Smith, K. R., Brewer, S., Amburgey, J., & McIff, B. (2017) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph14091014 · Cited by 68
Correlates of the Built Environment and Active Travel: Evidence from 20 US Metropolitan Areas
Le, H., Buehler, R., & Hankey, S. (2018) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp3389 · Cited by 68
Evaluating the Implementation and Active Living Impacts of a State Government Planning Policy Designed to Create Walkable Neighborhoods in Perth, Western Australia
Hooper, P., Giles‐Corti, B., & Knuiman, M. W. (2013) · American Journal of Health Promotion · doi:10.4278/ajhp.130503-quan-226 · Cited by 68
Walking for Transport Versus Recreation: A Comparison of Participants, Timing, and Locations
Spinney, J. E. L., Millward, H., & Scott, D. M. (2012) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.9.2.153 · Cited by 68
Representing pedestrian activity in travel demand models: Framework and application
Clifton, K. J., Singleton, P. A., Muhs, C. D., & Schneider, R. J. (2016) · Journal of Transport Geography · doi:10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2016.03.009 · Cited by 68
Level of physical activity among urban adults and the socio-demographic correlates: a population-based cross-sectional study using the global physical activity questionnaire
Mengesha, M. M., Roba, H. S., Ayele, B. H., & Beyene, A. S. (2019) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-019-7465-y · Cited by 68
Healthy Cities of Tomorrow: the Case for Large Scale Built Environment–Health Studies
Sarkar, C., & Webster, C. J. (2017) · Journal of Urban Health · doi:10.1007/s11524-016-0122-1 · Cited by 78
Increasing density in Australia: maximising the health benefits and minimising the harm
Giles‐Corti, B., Ryan, K. E., & Foster, S. A. (2024) · UWA Profiles and Research Repository (University of Western Australia) · doi:10.25439/rmt.27350157 · Cited by 68
Do built environment effects on travel behavior differ between household members? A case study of Nanjing, China
Yang, S., Fan, Y., Deng, W., & Cheng, L. (2017) · Transport Policy · doi:10.1016/j.tranpol.2017.12.006 · Cited by 68
Improving walkability in a TOD context: Spatial strategies that enhance walking in the Belém neighbourhood, in São Paulo, Brazil
Lamour, Q., Morelli, A. M., & Marins, K. R. D. C. (2019) · Case Studies on Transport Policy · doi:10.1016/j.cstp.2019.03.005 · Cited by 67
Built Environment and Health Behaviors: Deconstructing the Black Box of Interactions—A Review of Reviews
Travert, A.-S., Annerstedt, K. S., & Daivadanam, M. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph16081454 · Cited by 67
Community Design for Physical Activity
Sallis, J. F., Millstein, R. A., & Carlson, J. (2011) · Island Press/Center for Resource Economics eBooks · doi:10.5822/978-1-61091-036-1_2 · Cited by 67
International study of perceived neighbourhood environmental attributes and Body Mass Index: IPEN Adult study in 12 countries
Bourdeaudhuij, I. D., Dyck, D. V., Salvo, D., Davey, R., Reis, R. S., Schofield, G., Sarmiento, O. L., Mitáš, J., Christiansen, L. B., Macfarlane, D. J., et al. (2015) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-015-0228-y · Cited by 69
Overweight, obesity, and inactivity and urban design in rapidly growing Chinese cities
Day, K., Alfonzo, M., Chen, Y., Guo, Z., & Lee, K. K. C. (2013) · Health & Place · doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2012.12.009 · Cited by 67
What limits the pedestrian? Exploring perceptions of walking in the built environment and in the context of every-day life
Lindelöw, D., Svensson, Å., Sternudd, C., & Johansson, M. V. (2014) · Journal of Transport & Health · doi:10.1016/j.jth.2014.09.002 · Cited by 67
Can compact rail transit corridors transform the automobile city? Planning for more sustainable travel in Los Angeles
Houston, D., Boarnet, M. G., Ferguson, G., & Spears, S. (2014) · Urban Studies · doi:10.1177/0042098014529344 · Cited by 67
Environmental perceptions as mediators of the relationship between the objective built environment and walking among socio-economically disadvantaged women
van Dyck, D., Veitch, J., de Bourdeaudhuij, I., Thornton, L., & Ball, K. (2013) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/1479-5868-10-108 · Cited by 67
Equity in neighbourhood walkability? A comparative analysis of three large U.S. cities
Bereitschaft, B. (2017) · Local Environment · doi:10.1080/13549839.2017.1297390 · Cited by 73
The “Residential” Effect Fallacy in Neighborhood and Health Studies
Chaix, B., Duncan, D. T., Vallée, J., Vernez-Moudon, A., Benmarhnia, T., & Kestens, Y. (2017) · Epidemiology · doi:10.1097/ede.0000000000000726 · Cited by 67
The Pleasure of Walking: An Innovative Methodology to Assess Appropriate Walkable Performance in Urban Areas to Support Transport Planning
Appolloni, L., Corazza, M. V., & D’Alessandro, D. (2019) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su11123467 · Cited by 67
Assessing the role of the built environment and sociodemographic characteristics on walking travel distances in Bogotá
Guzmán, L. A., Pena-Bastidas, J., & Carrasco, J. A. (2020) · Journal of Transport Geography · doi:10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2020.102844 · Cited by 66
Walk Score and Australian adults' home-based walking for transport
Cole, R. L., Dunn, P. K., Hunter, I., Owen, N. G., & Sugiyama, T. (2015) · Health & Place · doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2015.06.011 · Cited by 66
Walk Score®
Brown, S. C., Pantin, H. M., Lombard, J. L., Toro, M., Huang, S., Plater-Zyberk, E., Perrino, T., Gomez, G. P., Barrera-Allen, L., & Szapocznik, J. (2013) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2013.03.021 · Cited by 66

Authors: SAELENS, B. E., & HANDY, S. L.
Affiliations: Seattle Children's Hospital (US)
University of California, Davis (US)
ORCID: SAELENS, BRIAN E.
HANDY, SUSAN L.
Venue: Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published: 2008-07
Volume: 40
Issue: 7
Pages: S550-S566
ISSN: 0195-9131 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1249/mss.0b013e31817c67a4
PMC: PMC2921187
OpenAlex: W2005544339
Cited by: 1,912
References: 68
Citations by year: 2026: 79 · 2025: 107 · 2024: 105 · 2023: 99 · 2022: 106 · 2021: 115 · 2020: 133 · 2019: 137 · 2018: 112 · 2017: 127 · 2016: 124 · 2015: 123 · 2014: 121 · 2013: 111 · 2012: 113
FWCI: 11.30
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Locations: Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (ES014240, R01ES014240)
Topics: Social Sciences › Transportation › Urban Transport and Accessibility
Social Sciences › Urban Studies › Urban Green Space and Health
Social Sciences › Urban Studies › Urban Design and Spatial Analysis
Keywords: built environment, walking, walking for transportation, recreational walking, mixed land use, land use density, parks and open space, personal safety, physical activity
MeSH terms: City Planning, Environment Design, Humans, Population Density, Safety, Transportation, Walking

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Built Environment Correlates of Walking: A Review

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks