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Cited by 203Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormonesSports Performance and TrainingOvarian function and disorders

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 40 of the 40 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Ovarian Suppression Impairs Sport Performance in Junior Elite Female Swimmers

VanHeest, Jaci L., Rodgers, Carol D., Mahoney, Carrie E., De Souza, Mary Jane·2014·Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
DOI 10.1249/mss.0b013e3182a32b72
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Abstract

Introduction Competitive female athletes restrict energy intake and increase exercise energy expenditure frequently resulting in ovarian suppression. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of ovarian suppression and energy deficit on swimming performance (400-m swim velocity). Methods Menstrual status was determined by circulating estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) in ten junior elite female swimmers (15-17 yr). The athletes were categorized as cyclic (CYC) or ovarian-suppressed (OVS). They were evaluated every 2 wk for metabolic hormones, bioenergetic parameters, and sport performance during the 12-wk season. Results CYC and OVS athletes were similar (P > 0.05) in age (CYC = 16.2 ± 1.8 yr, OVS = 17 ± 1.7 yr), body mass index (CYC = 21 ± 0.4 kg·m, OVS = 25 ± 0.8 kg·m), and gynecological age (CYC = 2.6 ± 1.1 yr, OVS = 2.8 ± 1.5 yr). OVS had suppressed P4 (P Conclusions Ovarian steroids (P4 and E2), metabolic hormones (TT3 and IGF-1), and energy status markers (EA and EI) were highly correlated with sport performance. This study illustrates that when exercise training occurs in the presence of ovarian suppression with evidence for energy conservation (i.e., reduced TT3), it is associated with poor sport performance. These data from junior elite female athletes support the need for dietary periodization to help optimize energy intake for appropriate training adaptation and maximal sport performance.

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Metadata

Authors
VanHeest, J. L., Rodgers, C. D., Mahoney, C. E., & De Souza, M. J.
Affiliations
  • Pennsylvania State University (US)
  • University of Saskatchewan (CA)
Corresponding author
VanHeest, Jaci L.
ORCID
Mahoney, Carrie E.
Venue
Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
Publisher
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published
2014-01
Volume
46
Issue
1
Pages
156-166
ISSN
0195-9131 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1249/mss.0b013e3182a32b72
OpenAlex
W2044791838
Cited by
203
References
39
Citations by year
2026: 13 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 10
FWCI
10.06
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Ovarian function and disorders
Keywords
ovarian suppression, female athletes, negative energy balance, energy availability, swimming performance, estradiol, progesterone, triiodothyronine, insulin-like growth factor I, menstrual cycle, energy intake, athletic performance, metabolic hormones, training effects, eating disorders in athletes, female athlete triad
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Energy Intake, Energy Metabolism, Estradiol, Female, Humans, Insulin-Like Growth Factor I, Menstrual Cycle, Progesterone, Swimming, Triiodothyronine, Primary Ovarian Insufficiency, Athletic Performance

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