The DOI matches its Crossref record; 40 of the 40 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Ovarian Suppression Impairs Sport Performance in Junior Elite Female Swimmers
Abstract
Introduction Competitive female athletes restrict energy intake and increase exercise energy expenditure frequently resulting in ovarian suppression. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of ovarian suppression and energy deficit on swimming performance (400-m swim velocity). Methods Menstrual status was determined by circulating estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) in ten junior elite female swimmers (15-17 yr). The athletes were categorized as cyclic (CYC) or ovarian-suppressed (OVS). They were evaluated every 2 wk for metabolic hormones, bioenergetic parameters, and sport performance during the 12-wk season. Results CYC and OVS athletes were similar (P > 0.05) in age (CYC = 16.2 ± 1.8 yr, OVS = 17 ± 1.7 yr), body mass index (CYC = 21 ± 0.4 kg·m, OVS = 25 ± 0.8 kg·m), and gynecological age (CYC = 2.6 ± 1.1 yr, OVS = 2.8 ± 1.5 yr). OVS had suppressed P4 (P Conclusions Ovarian steroids (P4 and E2), metabolic hormones (TT3 and IGF-1), and energy status markers (EA and EI) were highly correlated with sport performance. This study illustrates that when exercise training occurs in the presence of ovarian suppression with evidence for energy conservation (i.e., reduced TT3), it is associated with poor sport performance. These data from junior elite female athletes support the need for dietary periodization to help optimize energy intake for appropriate training adaptation and maximal sport performance.
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“It is noted that there are few prospective or cohort studies in which groups of athletes with and without signs of LEA have been monitored longitudinally to note changes in health and performance.168 169”
From 2023 international olympic committee's (IOC) consensus statement on relative energy deficiency in sport (REDs) (2023) · cites this paper as [168]
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Mountjoy, M., Sundgot-Borgen, J., Burke, L., Carter, S., Constantini, N., Lebrun, C., Meyer, N., Sherman, R., Steffen, K., Budgett, R., et al. (2014) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2014-093502 · Cited by 1,469
Mental health in elite athletes: International Olympic Committee consensus statement (2019)
Reardon, C. L., Hainline, B., Aron, C. M., Baron, D., Baum, A. L., Bindra, A., Budgett, R., Campriani, N., Castaldelli-Maia, J. M., Currie, A., et al. (2019) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2019-100715 · Cited by 1,277
IOC consensus statement on relative energy deficiency in sport (RED-S): 2018 update
Mountjoy, M., Sundgot-Borgen, J. K., Burke, L. M., Ackerman, K. E., Blauwet, C., Constantini, N., Lebrun, C., Lundy, B., Melin, A. K., Meyer, N. L., et al. (2018) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2018-099193 · Cited by 883
Mountjoy, M., Ackerman, K. E., Bailey, D. M., Burke, L. M., Constantini, N., Hackney, A. C., Heikura, I. A., Melin, A., Pensgaard, A. M., Stellingwerff, T., et al. (2023) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2023-106994 · Cited by 724
De Souza, M. J., Nattiv, A., Joy, E., Misra, M., Williams, N. I., Mallinson, R. J., Gibbs, J. C., Olmsted, M., Goolsby, M., Matheson, G., et al. (2014) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2013-093218 · Cited by 661
Metadata
- Authors
- VanHeest, J. L., Rodgers, C. D., Mahoney, C. E., & De Souza, M. J.
- Affiliations
- Pennsylvania State University (US)
- University of Saskatchewan (CA)
- Corresponding author
- VanHeest, Jaci L.
- ORCID
- Mahoney, Carrie E.
- Venue
- Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
- Published
- 2014-01
- Volume
- 46
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 156-166
- ISSN
- 0195-9131 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2044791838
- Cited by
- 203
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 10
- FWCI
- 10.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Ovarian function and disorders
- Keywords
- ovarian suppression, female athletes, negative energy balance, energy availability, swimming performance, estradiol, progesterone, triiodothyronine, insulin-like growth factor I, menstrual cycle, energy intake, athletic performance, metabolic hormones, training effects, eating disorders in athletes, female athlete triad
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Energy Intake, Energy Metabolism, Estradiol, Female, Humans, Insulin-Like Growth Factor I, Menstrual Cycle, Progesterone, Swimming, Triiodothyronine, Primary Ovarian Insufficiency, Athletic Performance
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