The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Are Women More Credit Constrained? Experimental Evidence on Gender and Microenterprise Returns
Open accessAbstract
We report on a field experiment providing random grants to microenterprise owners. The grants generated large profit increases for male owners but not for female owners. We show that the gender gap does not simply mask differences in ability, risk aversion, entrepreneurial attitudes, or differences in reporting behavior, but there is some evidence that the gender gap is larger in female-dominated industries. The data are not consistent with a unitary household model, and imply an inefficiency of resource allocation within households. We show evidence that this inefficiency is reduced in more cooperative households. (JEL D13, D14, J16, L25, L26, O12, O16)
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement.
Rotter, J. B. (1966) · Psychological Monographs: General and Applied · doi:10.1037/h0092976 · Cited by 21,937
Cited by
Women Empowerment and Economic Development
Duflo, E. (2012) · Journal of Economic Literature · doi:10.1257/jel.50.4.1051 · Cited by 2,978
The Miracle of Microfinance? Evidence from a Randomized Evaluation
Banerjee, A., Duflo, E., Glennerster, R., & Kinnan, C. (2015) · American Economic Journal: Applied Economics · doi:10.1257/app.20130533 · Cited by 2,076
The long-run poverty and gender impacts of mobile money
Suri, T., & Jack, W. (2016) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aah5309 · Cited by 1,628
Agricultural Decisions after Relaxing Credit and Risk Constraints *
Karlan, D., Osei, R., Osei-Akoto, I., & Udry, C. (2014) · The Quarterly Journal of Economics · doi:10.1093/qje/qju002 · Cited by 1,056
Ideological Segregation Online and Offline *
Gentzkow, M., & Shapiro, J. M. (2011) · The Quarterly Journal of Economics · doi:10.1093/qje/qjr044 · Cited by 980
Metadata
- Authors
- de Mel, S., McKenzie, D., & Woodruff, C.
- Venue
- American Economic Journal: Applied Economics
- Publisher
- American Economic Association
- Published
- 2009-06-01
- Volume
- 1
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 1-32
- ISSN
- 1945-7782 (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7790
- OpenAlex
- W1872578139
- Cited by
- 437
- References
- 1
- FWCI
- 36.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Are Women More Credit Constrained? Experimental Evidence on Gender and Microenterprise Returns. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1257/app.1.3.1
- The paper
- de Mel, S., McKenzie, D., & Woodruff, C. (2009). Are Women More Credit Constrained? Experimental Evidence on Gender and Microenterprise Returns. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics. https://doi.org/10.1257/app.1.3.1
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
