CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 35Testicular diseases and treatmentsSexual Differentiation and DisordersAdrenal and Paraganglionic Tumors

Sonography and magnetic resonance imaging characteristics of testicular adrenal rest tumors

Open access
Yılmaz, Ravza, Şahin, Dilek, Aghayev, Ayaz, Erol, Oğuz Bülent, Poyrazoğlu, Şükran, Saka, Nurçin, Yekeler, Ensar·2018·Polish Journal of Radiology
DOI 10.12659/pjr.901986PMC PMC5894055
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

Background: The aim of this study was to describe the gray-scale and color Doppler ultrasonography (US) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging features of testicular adrenal rest tumors (TART) in patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Material/Methods: Forty-one patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia were evaluated by gray-scale and color Doppler ultrasonography. Totally eighteen adrenal rest tumors in 9 patients were diagnosed TART on US and MR imaging. Gray-scale and color Doppler US and MR findings of the patients were documented. Results: A total of eighteen masses were evaluated in nine patients. The mean age of these patients was 14.3±4.5 (range 10.1–23.3) years. US revealed hypoechoic lesions around the mediastinum testis with hypervascularity dispersing in ten patients and hypovascularity in two patients. In six patients, the lesions were hyperechoic with poor vascularity. Lesions exhibited homogeneous (n=8) and heterogeneous (n=10). Testicular microlithiasis was present in 4 of 9 patients with TART. Doppler ultrasound showed normal testicular vessels passing through the mass which were undisturbed, not displaced and not change in caliber. MRI features were the following: all lesions were hypointense on T2- and hyperintense (n=12) and isointense (n=6) on T1-weighted images. All masses revealed homogeneous contrast enhancement on postcontrast T1-weighted images. Conclusions: Ultrasonography and MRI are good methods for detecting and monitoring TART. US is the first preferable modality because it is quick and cheap than MRI. Bilateral mostly hypoechoic lesions depicted around the mediastinum testis with no mass effect is highly suggestive for the diagnosis of testicular adrenal rest tissues on ultrasonography. Normal testicular vessels coursing through the lesions undisturbed and not change in caliber is described specific for this kind of tumors.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.12659/pjr.901986

Cites

3 of 3 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Almost a quarter of adrenal masses in CAH are benign adrenal myelolipomas, which generally occur in patients with a history of poor hormonal control, suggesting that persistent ACTH stimulation may play a role in pathogenesis.

    “Almost a quarter of these are benign adrenal myelolipomas, which generally occur in patients with a history of poor hormonal control, suggesting that persistent ACTH stimulation may play a role in pathogenesis (628,726,727).”

    From Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia—Current Insights in Pathophysiology, Diagnostics, and Management (2022) · cites this paper as [628]

    The Background and Discussion support a possible role for persistent ACTH stimulation in the growth of testicular adrenal rest tumors (TARTs) in CAH. They do not address adrenal myelolipomas or the claim that these make up almost a quarter of adrenal masses. The Discussion also reports good metabolic control in six of nine patients with TARTs, so it does not support the poor-control characterization for myelolipomas. (LLM, conf=0.79)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 17

  1. [1]Speiser PW White PC Congenital adrenal hyperplasia New Engl J Med 2003 349 776 88 12930931
  2. [3]Howlett DC Jones AJ Saunders AJ Painless testicular nodularity in a young man Br J Radiol 1997 70 1195 96 9536916
  3. [4]Sullivan JG Gomel M Kinder RB Ectopic adrenocortical tissue found at groin exploration in children: Incidence in relation to diagnosis, age and sex BJU Int 2005 95 407 10 15679804
  4. [5]Souverijns G Peene P Keuleers H Vanbockrijck M Ectopic localisation of adrenal cortex Eur Radiol 2000 10 1165 68 11003415
  5. [6]Shanklin DR Richardson AP Jr Rothstein G Testicular hilar nodules in adrenogenital syndrome Am J Dis Child 1963 106 243 50 14057603
  6. [7]Claahsen-van der Grinten HL Duthoi K Otten BJ An adrenal rest tumour in the perirenal region in a patient with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to congenital 3b-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase Eur J Endocrinol 2008 159 489 91 18647821
  7. [8]Avila NA Premkumar A Merke DB Testicular adrenal rest tissue in congenital adrenal hyperplasia: Comparison of MR imaging and sonographic findings Am J Roentgenol 1999 172 1003 6 10587136
  8. [11]Stikkelbroeck NMML Otten BJ Pasic A High prevalence of testicular adrenal rest tumours, impaired spermatogenesis, and Leydig cell failure in adolescent and adult males with congenital adrenal hyperplasia J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001 86 5721 28 11739428
  9. [12]Cakir ED Mutlu FS Eren E Testicular adrenal rest tumors in patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2012 4 94 100 22672867 PMC3386780
  10. [13]Claahsen-van der Grinten HL Sweep F Blickman JG Prevalence of testicular adrenal rest tumors in male children with congenital adrenal hyperplasiadue to 21-hydroxylase deficiency Eur J Endocrinol 2007 157 339 44 17766717
  11. [14]Delfino M Elia J Imbrogno N Testicular adrenal rest tumors in patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia: prevalence and sonographic, hormonal, and seminal characteristics J Ultrasound Med 2012 31 383 88 22368128
  12. [15]Proto G Di Donna A Grimaldi F Bilateral testicular adrenal rest tissue in congenital adrenal hyperplasia: US and MR features J Endocrinol Invest 2001 24 529 31 11508788
  13. [16]Wang ZI Yang Z Wang W Diagnosis of testicular adrenal rest tumors on ultrasound: A retrospective study of 15 cases report Medicine 2015 94 1471 PMC4616639 26356704
  14. [17]Fitoz S Atasoy C Adiyaman P Testicular adrenal rests in a patient with congenital adrenal hyperplasia: US and MRI features Comput Med Imaging Graph 2006 30 465 68 17049208
  15. [18]Ahmad IC Yilmaz TF Kocakoç E Doppler ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging findings of testicular adrenal rest tissue in a patient with 11 β hydroxilase deficiency Medical Ultrasonography 2014 16 3835 25463895
  16. [19]Nagamine WH Mehta SV Vade A Testicular adrenal rest tumors in a patient with congenital adrenal hyperplasia: Sonographic and magnetic resonance imaging findings J Ultrasound Med 2005 24 1717 20 16301728
  17. [20]Algebally AM Tantawy HI Yousef RR Advantage of adding diffusion weighted imaging to routine MRI examinations in the diagnostics of scrotal lesions Pol J Radiol 2015 80 442 49 26491491 PMC4588671

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Yılmaz, R., Şahin, D., Aghayev, A., Erol, O. B., Poyrazoğlu, Ş., Saka, N., & Yekeler, E.
Affiliations
  • Istanbul University (TR)
  • Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
Corresponding author
Yılmaz, Ravza
ORCID
Venue
Polish Journal of Radiology
Publisher
Termedia Sp. z.o.o.
Published
2018-02-02
Volume
82
Pages
583-588
ISSN
  • 0137-7183 (ISSN-L)
  • 1899-0967
DOI
10.12659/pjr.901986
PMC
PMC5894055
OpenAlex
W2767558683
Cited by
35
References
3
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 3
FWCI
2.08
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Polish Journal of Radiology (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Jagiellonian University Repository (Jagiellonian University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Testicular diseases and treatments
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Sexual Differentiation and Disorders
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Adrenal and Paraganglionic Tumors
Keywords
testicular adrenal rest tumor, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, color Doppler ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, testicular microlithiasis, tumor vascularity, contrast enhancement, pediatric testicular tumors

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review