The Protective Effect of Fermented Milk Kefir on Radiation-induced Apoptosis in Colonic Crypt Cells of Rats.
Open accessAbstract
To evaluate the effect of fermented milk kefir on X-ray-induced apoptosis in the colon of rats, we examined the apoptotic index, the mean number of apoptotic cells detected by H&E staining per crypt in the colon, in control rats and kefir-pretreated rats drinking kefir for 12 days before irradiation. Apoptotic cells were confirmed by TUNEL staining, and active caspase-3 expression was studied by immunohistochemistry. The cell position of apoptotic cells and active caspase-3 positive cells were examined. The apoptotic index of kefir-treated rats was significantly (p < 0.05) decreased 2 h after 1 Gy irradiation in comparison with control rats at crypt cell positions 1-3, 5-7, 13, and 15. Active caspase-3 expression in the kefir-treated rats was also significantly (p < 0.05) reduced in comparison with control rats 2 h after 1 Gy irradiation at crypt cell positions 1-4, 13, and 15. This study indicated that kefir protects colonic crypt cells against radiation-induced apoptosis, which was most pronounced in the stem cell region of the crypt. The antiapoptotic effect of fermented milk kefir was due to the inhibition of caspase-3 activation.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The ability of kefir to heal wounds can result from its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities, which may act synergistically contributing to healing.
“The ability of kefir to heal wounds can result from its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities, which may act synergistically contributing to the healing (92) .”
From Milk <i>kefir</i> : nutritional, microbiological and health benefits (2017) · cites this paper as [92]
The Introduction reports antibacterial effects of kefir in animals, supporting the antimicrobial component. The Discussion instead examines protection against radiation-induced apoptosis in rat colonic cells; it does not link anti-inflammatory activity or synergy between the two activities to wound healing. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredAfter 2 weeks of treatment, wound area and percentage of inflammation were reduced in animals treated with kefir grains and gel compared with those treated with silver sulfadiazine cream.
“After 2 weeks of treatment, the wound area and the percentage of inflammation were reduced in animals treated with kefir grains and gel compared with those treated with silver sulfadiazine cream, used for the topical treatment of burns of second and third degrees.”
From Milk <i>kefir</i> : nutritional, microbiological and health benefits (2017) · cites this paper as [92]
The Methods describe rats consuming kefir for 12 days before irradiation, and the Results measure apoptosis in colonic crypt cells. Searches for wound area, inflammation, kefir gel, burns, and silver sulfadiazine found no passage addressing the claimed wound-treatment comparison. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.78)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe percentage of epithelialisation and healing in animals treated with kefir was improved.
“In addition, the percentage of epithelialisation and healing in animals treated with kefir was also improved.”
From Milk <i>kefir</i> : nutritional, microbiological and health benefits (2017) · cites this paper as [92]
The Results report reduced radiation-induced apoptosis in colonic crypt cells of kefir-treated rats, and the Discussion describes protection of the epithelial stem-cell region. Neither section reports a percentage of epithelialisation or measures healing; searches for epithelialisation, wound healing, and regeneration found no such outcome. (LLM, conf=0.78)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredTreatment with kefir gel was effective in improving outcomes from a severe burn compared with conventional treatment.
“The authors concluded that treatment with kefir gel was effective in improving outcomes from a severe burn compared with conventional treatment (92) .”
From Milk <i>kefir</i> : nutritional, microbiological and health benefits (2017) · cites this paper as [92]
The Animals and treatment with kefir section describes rats drinking kefir before irradiation, and the Discussion reports reduced radiation-induced apoptosis in their colonic cells. Searches for severe burns, kefir gel, and conventional burn treatment found no passage addressing the claimed comparison. (LLM, conf=0.78)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Identification of programmed cell death in situ via specific labeling of nuclear DNA fragmentation.
Gavrieli, Y., Sherman, Y., & Ben-Sasson, S. A. (1992) · The Journal of cell biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.119.3.493 · Cited by 9,444 · see citing works
Caspases: the executioners of apoptosis
Cohen, G. M. (1997) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj3260001 · Cited by 4,720 · see citing works
Biochemical Pathways of Caspase Activation During Apoptosis
Budihardjo, I. I., Oliver, H., Lutter, M. L., Luo, X., & Wang, X. (1999) · Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.1146/annurev.cellbio.15.1.269 · Cited by 2,562 · see citing works
Apoptosis. Its significance in cancer and cancer Therapy
Kerr, J. F. R., Winterford, C. M., & HARMON, B. V. (1994) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/1097-0142(19940415)73:8 · Cited by 2,118 · see citing works
Caspase-3 Is Required for DNA Fragmentation and Morphological Changes Associated with Apoptosis
Jänicke, R. U., Sprengart, M. L., Wati, M. R., & Porter, A. G. (1998) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.273.16.9357 · Cited by 1,955 · see citing works
Kubisch, C., Schroeder, B. C., Friedrich, T., Lütjohann, B., El-Amraoui, A., Marlin, S., Petit, C., & Jentsch, T. J. (1999) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80556-5 · Cited by 866 · see citing works
Regulation of cell number in the mammalian gastrointestinal tract: the importance of apoptosis
Hall, P. A., Coates, P. J., Ansari, B., & Hopwood, D. (1994) · Journal of Cell Science · doi:10.1242/jcs.107.12.3569 · Cited by 815 · see citing works
The intestinal epithelial stem cell
Marshman, E., Booth, C., & Potten, C. S. (2002) · BioEssays · doi:10.1002/bies.10028 · Cited by 588 · see citing works
Walker, N. I., HARMON, B. V., Gobe, G. C., & Kerr, J. F. R. (1988) · PubMed · Cited by 527 · see citing works
Radioprotectors in Radiotherapy
Nair, C. K. K., Parida, D. K., & Nomura, T. (2001) · Journal of Radiation Research · doi:10.1269/jrr.42.21 · Cited by 467 · see citing works
Extreme sensitivity of some intestinal crypt cells to X and γ irradiation
Potten, C. S. (1977) · Nature · doi:10.1038/269518a0 · Cited by 441 · see citing works
Regulation and Significance of Apoptosis in the Stem Cells of the Gastrointestinal Epithelium
Potten, C. S., Wilson, J. W., & Booth, C. E. (1997) · Stem Cells · doi:10.1002/stem.150082 · Cited by 285 · see citing works
Potten, C. S., Merritt, A. J., Hickman, J. A., Hall, P. A., & Faranda, A. (1994) · International Journal of Radiation Biology · doi:10.1080/09553009414550101 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Inhibitory Power of Kefir: The Role of Organic Acids
Garrote, G. L., Abraham, A. G., & Antoni, G. L. D. (2000) · Journal of Food Protection · doi:10.4315/0362-028x-63.3.364 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
What is an apoptotic index measuring? A commentary
Potten, C. S. (1996) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1038/bjc.1996.624 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Acute radiation proctitis: a sequential clinicopathologic study during pelvic radiotherapy
Hovdenak, N., Fajardo, L. F., & Hauer‐Jensen, M. (2000) · International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics · doi:10.1016/s0360-3016(00)00744-6 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Caspase activation during spontaneous and radiation‐induced apoptosis in the murine intestine
Marshman, E., Ottewell, P. D., Potten, C. S., & Watson, A. J. M. (2001) · The Journal of Pathology · doi:10.1002/path.967 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Topical butyrate for acute radiation proctitis: randomised, crossover trial
Vernia, P., Fracasso, P., Casale, V., Villotti, G., Marcheggiano, A., Stigliano, V., Pinnarò, P., Bagnardi, V., & Caprilli, R. (2000) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(00)02787-2 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Deng, W., Balázs, L., Wang, D., Middlesworth, L. V., Tigyi, G., & Johnson, L. R. (2002) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/gast.2002.34209 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Kefir Milk Enhances Intestinal Immunity in Young but Not Old Rats
Thoreux, K., & Schmucker, D. L. (2001) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/131.3.807 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Surgical Management of Radiation Enteropathy
Mann, W. J. (1991) · Surgical Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0039-6109(16)45529-5 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Wang, B. (2001) · Journal of Radiation Research · doi:10.1269/jrr.42.1 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Pharmacological Study on Kefir-A Fermented Milk Product in Caucasus.I. On Antitumor Activity (1)
Kubo, M., Odani, T., NAKAMURA, S., Tokumaru, S., & Matsuda, H. (1992) · YAKUGAKU ZASSHI · doi:10.1248/yakushi1947.112.7_489 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Self-citationHenriksson, R., Franz�n, L., Sandstr�m, K., Nordin, A., Arev�rn, M., & Grahn, E. (1995) · Supportive Care in Cancer · doi:10.1007/bf00343926 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
FURUKAWA, N., MATSUOKA, A., Takahashi, T., & YAMANAKA, Y. (1991) · Nihon Chikusan Gakkaiho · doi:10.2508/chikusan.62.579 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Kabayama, S., Osada, K., Tachibana, H., Katakura, Y., & Shirahata, S. (1997) · Cytotechnology · doi:10.1023/a:1007971906061 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Self-citationRadiation-induced enterocolitis: basic and applied science
Szabó, S., Sándor, Z., Vincze, Á., Gombos, Z., Mohiuddin, A., & Viravathana, T. (2002) · The European Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1080/11024159850191508 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Matsuu, M., Shichijo, K., Nakamura, Y., Ikeda, Y., Naito, S., Ito, M., Okaichi, K., & Sekine, I. (2000) · Journal of Radiation Research · doi:10.1269/jrr.41.55 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citationCaspase activation during spontaneous and radiation‐induced apoptosis in the murine intestine
Marshman, E., Ottewell, P. D., Potten, C. S., et al. (2001) · The Journal of Pathology · doi:10.1002/path.967.abs · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Inagaki‐Ohara, K., Takamura, N., Yada, S., Alnadjim, Z., Liu, E., Yu, X., Yoshida, H., & Lin, T. (2002) · Digestive Diseases and Sciences · doi:10.1023/a:1021086012365 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Prolonged Radiation Damage in Rat Colon and Urokinase Expression in Epithelium
Hayashida, M., Shichijo, K., Matsuu, M., Minami, K., Okimoto, T., Nakayama, T., & Sekine, I. (2001) · Nagasaki University's Academic Output SITE (Nagasaki University) · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- [15]15. Nagira, T., Narisawa, J., Teruya, K., Kusumoto, K., Katakura, Y., Barnes, D. W., Tokumaru, S. and Shirahata, S. (1999) Sup- pression of apoptosis in UV-damaged human melanoma cells by a fermented milk, Kefir. In: Animal Cell Technology: Prod- ucts from Cells, Cells as Products, Eds. A. Bernard et al., pp. 437-439, Kluwer Academic Publishers. The Netherlands.
- [29]29. Potten, C.S. (1995) Structure, function and proliferative organi- zation of mammalian gut. In: Radiation and Gut, Eds. C.S. Pot- ten and J. H. Hendry, pp. 1-31, Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Milk <i>kefir</i> : nutritional, microbiological and health benefits
Rosa, D. D., Dias, M. M. S., Grześkowiak, Ł. M., Reis, S. A., Conceição, L. L., & Peluzio, M. D. C. G. (2017) · Nutrition Research Reviews · doi:10.1017/s0954422416000275 · Cited by 463 · see citing works
Kefir and Health: A Contemporary Perspective
Ahmed, Z., Wang, Y., Ahmad, A., Khan, S. T., Nisa, M., Ahmad, H., & Afreen, A. (2013) · Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/10408398.2010.540360 · Cited by 242 · see citing works
Kefir: a powerful probiotics with anticancer properties
Sharifi, M., Moridnia, A., Mortazavi, D., Salehi, M., Bagheri, M., & Sheikhi, A. (2017) · Medical Oncology · doi:10.1007/s12032-017-1044-9 · Cited by 213 · see citing works
Kefir: una comunidad simbiótica de bacterias y levaduras con propiedades saludables
Lopitz-Otsoa, F., Rementeria, A., Elguezabal, N., & Garaizar, J. (2006) · Revista Iberoamericana de Micología · doi:10.1016/s1130-1406(06)70016-x · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Turkish kefir and kefir grains: microbial enumeration and electron microscobic observation†
Güzel‐Seydim, Z. B., Wyffels, J. T., Seydim, A. C., & Greene, A. K. (2005) · International Journal of Dairy Technology · doi:10.1111/j.1471-0307.2005.00177.x · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Gül, O., Mortaş, M., Atalar, İ., Dervişoğlu, M., & Kahyaoglu, T. (2015) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.2014-8755 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Photobiomodulation partially rescues visual cortical neurons from cyanide-induced apoptosis
Liang, H., Whelan, H. T., Eells, J. T., Meng, H., Buchmann, E. V., Lerch-Gaggl, A., & Wong‐Riley, M. T. T. (2006) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2005.12.047 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Choi, S., Park, Y. S., Koga, T., Treloar, A., & Kim, K. C. (2010) · American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1165/rcmb.2009-0323oc · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Gao, J., Gu, F., Ruan, H., Chen, Q., He, J., & He, G. (2013) · International Dairy Journal · doi:10.1016/j.idairyj.2012.11.011 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Esener, O., Balkan, B., Armutak, E. İ., Üvez, A., Yildiz, G., Hafizoglu, M., Yılmazer, N., & Gürel-Gürevin, E. (2018) · Biotechnic & Histochemistry · doi:10.1080/10520295.2018.1448112 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Gastroprotective effect of kefir on ulcer induced in irradiated rats
Fahmy, H. A., & Ismail, A. F. M. (2015) · Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2015.02.009 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Kanbak, G., Uzuner, K., Kuşat Ol, K., Oğlakçı, A., Kartkaya, K., & Şentürk, H. (2014) · Clinical and Experimental Hypertension · doi:10.3109/10641963.2013.783046 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Sucralfate Protects Intestinal Epithelial Cells from Radiation-Induced Apoptosis in Rats
Matsuu‐Matsuyama, M., Shichijo, K., Okaichi, K., ISHII, K., Wen, C. Y., Fukuda, E., Nakayama, T., Nakashima, M., Okumura, Y., & Sekine, I. (2006) · Journal of Radiation Research · doi:10.1269/jrr.47.1 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Self-citationMatos, R. S., Pinheiro, B. S., Souza, I. S., de Castro, R. R. P., Ramos, G. Q., Pinto, E. P., Junior, R. S. S., & Filho, H. D. D. F. (2020) · Micron · doi:10.1016/j.micron.2020.102996 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Distal Mucosal Site Stimulation by Kefir and Duration of the Immune Response
Vinderola, C. G., Duarte, J., Thangavel, D., Perdigón, G., Farnworth, E. R., & Matar, C. (2005) · European Journal of Inflammation · doi:10.1177/1721727x0500300203 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Methods to Assess the Antioxidative Properties of Probiotics
Zolotukhin, P. V., Prazdnova, E. V., & Chistyakov, V. A. (2017) · Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins · doi:10.1007/s12602-017-9375-6 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Matsuu‐Matsuyama, M., Nakashima, M., Shichijo, K., Okaichi, K., Nakayama, T., & Sekine, I. (2010) · Radiation Research · doi:10.1667/rr1802.1 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Self-citationProtection by Polaprezinc Against Radiation-Induced Apoptosis in Rat Jejunal Crypt Cells
Matsuu‐Matsuyama, M., Shichijo, K., Okaichi, K., Nakayama, T., Nakashima, M., UEMURA, T., Niino, D., & Sekine, I. (2008) · Journal of Radiation Research · doi:10.1269/jrr.07114 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Self-citationPartial attenuation of cytotoxicity and apoptosis by SOD1 in ischemic renal epithelial cells
Liang, H., Arsenault, J. R., Mortensen, J., Park, F., Johnson, C. P., & Nilakantan, V. (2009) · APOPTOSIS · doi:10.1007/s10495-009-0393-z · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Kefir as a Functional Dairy Product
Türkmen, N. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-809868-4.00029-7 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Teruya, K., Myojin-Maekawa, Y., Shimamoto, F., Watanabe, H., Nakamichi, N., Tokumaru, K., Tokumaru, S., & Shirahata, S. (2013) · Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin · doi:10.1248/bpb.b12-00709 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citationQu, J., Cheng, T., Shi, C., & Xinze, R. A. N. (2004) · Journal of Radiation Research · doi:10.1269/jrr.45.341 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Yıldız, S. Ç., Demir, C., Cengiz, M., Irmak, H., Cengiz, B. P., & Ayhancı, A. (2024) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines12061199 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Sari, E., BAKIR, B., Aydin, B., & Sözmen, M. (2013) · Biotechnic & Histochemistry · doi:10.3109/10520295.2013.844274 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
BAKIR, B., Sari, E., Aydin, B., & Yildiz, S. (2014) · Biotechnic & Histochemistry · doi:10.3109/10520295.2014.976841 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Myeloprotective and hematoprotective role of kefir on cyclophosphamide toxicity in rats
Yıldız, S. Ç., & GÖZÜOĞLU, G. (2021) · ARCHIVES OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE · doi:10.25000/acem.903843 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Lee, B., Yong, C. C., Yi, H.-C., Kim, S. H., & Oh, S. (2020) · Food Science of Animal Resources · doi:10.5851/kosfa.2020.e31 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Özsoy, B., Küçükgül, A., Özsoy, Ş. Y., & Yumuşak, N. (2017) · Harran Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi · doi:10.31196/huvfd.384398 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Shin, J. H., Lee, S. K., Song, H. Y., KIM, J.-S., CHOE, H., Kim, E.-H., Lee, I. J., Kim, T., Kim, E. Y., WOO, C.-W., et al. (2008) · British Journal of Radiology · doi:10.1259/bjr/25340112 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Tinjauan Literatur: KEFIR: MIKROBIOLOGI, SENYAWA BIOAKTIF, DAN MANFAATNYA PADA PENYAKIT NONINFEKSI
Raras, T. Y. M. (2022) · majalah kesehatan · doi:10.21776/majalahkesehatan.2022.009.04.7 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Yıldız, S. Ç., Demir, C., Cengiz, M., Cengiz, B. P., & Ayhancı, A. (2024) · Bingöl Üniversitesi Sağlık Dergisi · doi:10.58605/bingolsaglik.1436057 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Ribič, C. H., Cerar, A., Pokorn, D., Perše, M., & Zebič, A. (2005) · Nutrition Research · doi:10.1016/j.nutres.2004.10.002 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Ratlarda Kefirin Bağırsak Mikrofl orası ve Bazı Kan Parametrelerindeki Rolü: Deneysel Çalışma
Özsoy, B., Cantekin, Z., YALCIN, S., & Bayraktar, H. S. (2020) · Kafkas Universitesi Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi · doi:10.9775/kvfd.2020.24855 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Ninane, V., Mukandayambaje, R., & Berben, G. (2009) · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Uchimoto, K. (2014) · Journal of Genetic Syndromes & Gene Therapy · doi:10.4172/2157-7412.1000239 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Investigation of the neuroprotective effect of kefir in experimental spinal cord injury
Yurtal, Z., Kutlu, T., Altuğ, M. E., Özsoy, B., Alakuş, H., & ÖZSOY, Ş. Y. (2021) · Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi · doi:10.33988/auvfd.872947 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Şeker, G. Ü., İLHAN, A. O., Söztutar, E., Kanbak, G., & İnal, M. (2024) · Medical Science and Discovery · doi:10.36472/msd.v11i7.1174
Maia, T. A. C., Leitão, M. G. S., da Silva, E. C., Vasconcelos, L. V., Bessa, S. T., Rocha, I. L. S., Silva, P. G. D. B., Oliveira, F. A. D. S., Góes, P., Gonçalves, P. G., et al. (2026) · Molecular Nutrition & Food Research · doi:10.1002/mnfr.70601
- Authors
- MATSUU, M., SHICHIJO, K., OKAICHI, K., WEN, C. Y., FUKUDA, E., NAKASHIMA, M., NAKAYAMA, T., SHIRAHATA, S., TOKUMARU, S., & SEKINE, I.
- Affiliations
- Nagasaki University (JP)
- Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University (JP)
- Kyushu University (JP)
- Corresponding author
- MATSUU, MUTSUMI
- Venue
- Journal of Radiation Research
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2003
- Volume
- 44
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 111-115
- ISSN
- 0449-3060 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2149355593
- Cited by
- 38
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 5 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 1.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Radiation Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Effects of Radiation Exposure
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Cell death mechanisms and regulation
- Keywords
- kefir, fermented milk, radiation-induced apoptosis, colonic crypt cells, X-ray irradiation, caspase-3, radiation protection, colonic stem cells
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Colon, Male, Microvilli, Milk, Radiation Injuries, Radiation Protection, Rats, Wistar, Apoptosis, Rats
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
