The DOI matches its Crossref record; 47 of the 47 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Exposure to Bisphenol A and Other Phenols in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Premature Infants
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: We previously demonstrated that exposure to polyvinyl chloride plastic medical devices containing di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) was associated with higher urinary concentrations of several DEHP metabolites in 54 premature infants in two neonatal intensive care units than in the general population. For 42 of these infants, we evaluated urinary concentrations of several phenols, including bisphenol A (BPA), in association with the use of the same medical devices. MEASUREMENTS: We measured the urinary concentrations of free and total (free plus conjugated) species of BPA, triclosan, benzophenone-3, methyl paraben, and propyl paraben. RESULTS: The percentage of BPA present as its conjugated species was > 90% in more than three-quarters of the premature infants. Intensity of use of products containing DEHP was strongly associated with BPA total concentrations but not with any other phenol. Adjusting for institution and sex, BPA total concentrations among infants in the group of high use of DEHP-containing products were 8.75 times as high as among infants in the low use group (p < 0.0001). Similarly, after adjusting for sex and DEHP-containing product use category, BPA total concentrations among infants in Institution A were 16.6 times as high as those among infants in Institution B (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: BPA geometric mean urinary concentration (30.3 microg/L) among premature infants undergoing intensive therapeutic medical interventions was one order of magnitude higher than that among the general population. Conjugated species were the primary urinary metabolites of BPA, suggesting that premature infants have some capacity to metabolize BPA. The differences in exposure to BPA by intensity of use of DEHP-containing medical products highlight the need for further studies to determine the specific source(s) of exposure to BPA.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Neonates who receive medical treatments such as transfusions are widely recognized as potentially highlexposed [148].”
From A Review of Biomonitoring of Phthalate Exposures (2019) · cites this paper as [148]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Estimation of Average Concentration in the Presence of Nondetectable Values
Hornung, R. W., & Reed, L. D. (1990) · Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene · doi:10.1080/1047322x.1990.10389587 · Cited by 3,495
Human exposure to bisphenol A (BPA)
Vandenberg, L. N., Hauser, R. B., Marcus, M., Olea, N., & Welshons, W. V. (2007) · Reproductive Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.reprotox.2007.07.010 · Cited by 2,984
Self-citationExposure of the U.S. Population to Bisphenol A and 4- tertiary -Octylphenol: 2003–2004
Calafat, A. M., Ye, X., Wong, L.-Y., Reidy, J. A., & Needham, L. L. (2008) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.10753 · Cited by 1,743
Self-citationSaal, F. S. V., & Hughes, C. L. (2005) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.7713 · Cited by 1,174
Kang, J., Kondo, F., & Katayama, Y. (2006) · Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.tox.2006.06.009 · Cited by 897
In Vitro and in Vivo Estrogenicity of UV Screens
Schlumpf, M., Cotton, B., Conscience-Egli, M., Haller, V., Steinmann, B., & LICHTENSTEIGER, W. (2001) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.01109239 · Cited by 847
Exposure to bisphenol A advances puberty
Howdeshell, K. L., Hotchkiss, A. K., Thayer, K. A., Vandenbergh, J. G., & vom Saal, F. S. (1999) · Nature · doi:10.1038/44517 · Cited by 820 · cited 2×
“…brain, and accelerated puberty in females (Ceccarelli et al. 2007; Della Seta et al. 2006; Durando et al. 2007; Gioiosa et al. 2007; Ho et al. 2006; Howdeshell et al. 1999; Laviola et al. 2005; Murray et al. 2007; Negishi et al. 2004; Palanza et al. 2002; Ryan and Vandenbergh 2006; Timms et al.…”
BackgroundHo, S.-M., Tang, W.-Y., Belmonte de Frausto, J., & Prins, G. S. (2006) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-06-0516 · Cited by 796
Darbre, P. D., & Harvey, P. W. (2008) · Journal of Applied Toxicology · doi:10.1002/jat.1358 · Cited by 702
Quality assurance of chemical measurements
Taylor, J. K., & Tranter, R. L. (1989) · Analytica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/s0003-2670(00)80373-6 · Cited by 690
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Center for the Evaluation of Risks to Human Reproduction, 2007, NTP-CERHR Expert Panel Report on the Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity of Bisphenol A
- European Union, 2008, Updated European Risk Assessment Report 4,4′-Isopropylidenediphenol (Bisphenol-A)
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2008, 5-Chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenol (Triclosan): Risk Assessment for the Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) Document
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 301–374 of 374
Saal, F. S. V., & Welshons, W. V. (2026) · Environmental Health · doi:10.1186/s12940-026-01265-z · Cited by 2
The association between bronchopulmonary dysplasia severity and neurodevelopmental disorders
Rueff, D. A., Gee, J., Ruddy, A., West, M., Rubin, E., Chetta, K. E., & Katikaneni, L. (2026) · Journal of Perinatology · doi:10.1038/s41372-025-02372-4 · Cited by 3
Ring-Opening Polymerization to Access Chemically Recyclable Aromatic Poly(thio)carbonates
Yao, J.-R., Zhang, J., Li, K., Zhou, J.-A.-Q., Yu, D., Cai, Z., & Zhu, J. (2026) · ACS Macro Letters · doi:10.1021/acsmacrolett.6c00094 · Cited by 2
Monk‐Turner, E., Fu, H., Li, J., & Yang, X. (2022) · Journal of Drug Issues · doi:10.1177/00220426221108689 · Cited by 2
Physical, Chemical and Biological Properties of Bisphenols
Sharma, P. (2025) · Pharmaceutical science. · doi:10.5772/intechopen.114023 · Cited by 4
Deng, P., Chen, L., Cao, Z.-J., Li, Y., Zheng, G.-Q., Wang, Y., & Wang, X. (2025) · Macromolecules · doi:10.1021/acs.macromol.5c00753 · Cited by 2
Endocrine Disruption of Developmental Pathways and Children's Health
Silver, M. K., & Meeker, J. D. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-821985-0.00016-5 · Cited by 2
[Are xenoestrogens already impacting our human social structure?].
Zhang, L., Neme-Bechara, V., Escobar, A., & Irles, C. (2013) · PubMed · Cited by 2
L’intestin – une nouvelle cible des perturbateurs endocriniens
Braniste, V., & Houdeau, É. (2012) · Cahiers de Nutrition et de Diététique · doi:10.1016/j.cnd.2012.03.003 · Cited by 2
Leiss, J. K., & Kotch, J. B. (2010) · Maternal and Child Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10995-009-0560-4 · Cited by 3
Mir, S. H., & Baddar, A. (2019) · Advances in environmental engineering and green technologies book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-9452-9.ch012 · Cited by 3
The incidence of prostate cancer and the effect of chemical environmental pollution on its formation
", S. E., Chеrnychenko, I. O., Balenko, N. V., Lytvychenko, O. M., Бабій, В. Ф., Hlavachek, D. O., & O.Ye., K. (2020) · Environment & Health · doi:10.32402/dovkil2020.01.064 · Cited by 2
Environmental Paraben Exposure and Risk of Thyroid Cancer and Benign Nodules: A Pilot StudyPreprint
Wu, N.-X., Zhu, S., Liu, C., Yan, Y.-H., Wang, J., Hong, A.-B., Wang, L.-Q., Zeng, Q., Sun, J., Chen, D., et al. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1009533/v1 · Cited by 2
Impact of Bisphenol A (BPA) and Free Fatty Acids (FFA) on Th2 Cytokine Secretion from INS-1 Cells
van Oppen, J. N., & Verspohl, E. J. (2013) · Pharmacology & Pharmacy · doi:10.4236/pp.2013.45065 · Cited by 1
Sustainable base-mediated chemical upcycling of waste polycarbonates to fine chemicals
Padhi, G., Gabriel, S. D., Bajpai, P., Vanka, K., & Barsu, N. (2025) · Catalysis Science & Technology · doi:10.1039/d5cy01214g · Cited by 1
The cannabinoid receptor 2 is an in vivo receptor of bisphenol A during bone formation
Dubuisson, M. J., Cox, C. K., Kaur, J., Williamson, M., Clements, W. K., Logan, M. K., Monroe, J. D., & Gibert, Y. (2026) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2026.141317 · Cited by 1
Lieberman‐Cribbin, W., Spear, E. A., Gennings, C., Martinez, M., Arora, M., Galanti, S. G., Zhao, A., Evans, C., Teitelbaum, S. L., Aschner, J., et al. (2026) · Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology · doi:10.1038/s41370-026-00959-3 · Cited by 1
Morice, L., Benaîtreau, D., Dieudonné, M., Morvan, C., Serazin-Leroy, V., de Mazancourt, P., Pecquery, R., & Santos, E. D. (2012) · Immuno-analyse & Biologie Spécialisée · doi:10.1016/j.immbio.2012.04.004 · Cited by 1
Pollutants, Sedentarism, Circadian Rhythm and their Effects on Fertility
Younglai, E. V. (2009) · Reproductive Biology Insights · doi:10.4137/rbi.s3128 · Cited by 1
Story of Bisphenol S – Steps from Bad to Worse
Žalmanová, T., Hošková, K., Nevoral, J., Prokešová, Š., Zámostná, K., Kotíková, Z., & Petr, J. (2016) · Anthropologia integra · doi:10.5817/ai2016-1-7 · Cited by 1
Exposure to Bisphenol-A Through Excess Use of Polymer, With Environmental Toxicity
Singh, N. (2016) · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) · doi:10.5281/zenodo.21600312 · Cited by 1
Plastic – (nie)fantastic? O wpływie bisfenolu A na funkcjonowanie oocytów i zarodków ssaków
Ajduk, A., Sadkowska, M., Gronek, Z., Płocienniak, A., & Stodulska, A. (2022) · Postępy Biochemii · doi:10.18388/pb.2021_413 · Cited by 1
Endocrine-Disrupting Chemical Exposure and Later-Onset Diseases
Wu, D., & Du, G.-Z. (2020) · Early-life Environmental Exposure and Disease · doi:10.1007/978-981-15-3797-4_11 · Cited by 1
Hu, D., Xie, L.-S., Li, Y., Prins, G. S., & Hu, W. (2015) · The Open Biotechnology Journal · doi:10.2174/1874070720151112e019 · Cited by 1
New EU criteria for endocrine disrupters
(2018) · TemaNord · doi:10.6027/tn2018-537 · Cited by 1
EHP Classic Paper of the Year, 2012
Tilson, H. A. (2012) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.1205408 · Cited by 1
State of the Science: Biologically Based Modeling in Risk Assessment
Caldwell, J., Krishnan, K., & Evans, M. (2012) · Journal of Toxicology · doi:10.1155/2012/758182
Toxins, Pollutants, and Mental Health
Santiago, S. E., & Huffman, K. J. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-397045-9.00145-2
Environmental and epigenetic determinants of child adipokines in a Mexican-American population.
Volberg, V. (2013) · eScholarship (California Digital Library)
Connaissances des sages-femmes sur le bisphénol A
Infuso, É. (2012) · HAL
Sadowski, R. N. (2013) · Illinois Digital Environment for Access to Learning and Scholarship (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign)
Human bisphenol A biomonitoring and biotransformation programming in the developing fetus
Nahar, M. S. (2014) · Deep Blue (University of Michigan)
Sages-femmes et bisphénol A : des connaissances à parfaire
Infuso, É. (2013) · Vocation Sage-femme · doi:10.1016/j.vsf.2013.01.010
Kendziorski, J. A. (2015) · OhioLink ETD Center (Ohio Library and Information Network)
Ação do bisfenol A sobre ilhotas de neonatos de camundongos
Gonçalves, L. M. (2015) · doi:10.47749/t/unicamp.2015.943986
Prévention vis-à-vis des perturbateurs endocriniens en période préconceptionnelle et périnatale
Mirakian, P. (2017) · Vocation Sage-femme · doi:10.1016/j.vsf.2017.06.004
Toxicoepigenetics and Effects on Life Course Disease Susceptibility
Montrose, L. B., Goodrich, J. M., & Dolinoy, D. C. (2017) · John Wiley & Sons, Inc. eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119023647.ch13
Effects of BPA on Notch1 Immunohistochemical Expression in Fetal and Neonatal Rat Brain
AKKAYA, Ö. Ö., Yağcı, A., Tosun, M., & Altunbaş, K. (2018) · Uludağ Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi · doi:10.30782/uluvfd.406938
Exposition aux perturbateurs endocriniens et développement des maladies allergiques
Guzylack‐Piriou, L., & Bouchaud, G. (2018) · Revue française d'allergologie · doi:10.1016/j.reval.2018.09.003
Mahemuti, L. (2017) · Carleton University's Institutional Repository (MacOdrum Library, Carleton University) · doi:10.22215/etd/2017-12222
Ahmed, M. A. A. S. (2019) · Annals of Phytomedicine An International Journal · doi:10.21276/ap.2019.8.1.12
Oliveira, V. B. D. R., & Ueno, H. M. (2019) · Editora Blucher eBooks · doi:10.5151/9788521218722-10
Notes from the NICU: Analyzing the Chemical Content of Commonly Used Medical Products
Seltenrich, N. (2020) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp6709
Seltenrich, N. (2020) · Huanjing yu jiankang zhanwang · doi:10.1289/ehp6709-zh
Dietary Risk Assessment of Bisphenol A Migration in Soft Drinks
Bonsu, B. (2019)
The Effect of Bisphenol A on Notch Signaling Pathway in Development of Rat Testis
AKKAYA, Ö. Ö., Altunbaş, K., Tosun, M., & Yağcı, A. (2021) · Kocatepe Veterinary Journal · doi:10.30607/kvj.957630
Umweltgifte und ihre hormonelle Wirkung
Popovici, R. M., & Sonntag, B. (2021) · Der Gynäkologe · doi:10.1007/s00129-020-04741-w
Environmental Influences on Endocrine Disease
Mastorakos, G. P., Nezi, M., Μacut, D., & Papagianni, M. (2022) · doi:10.1093/med/9780198870197.003.0010
Shingadia, H. U. (2022) · Ecology Environment and Conservation · doi:10.53550/eec.2022.v28i06s.043
A Chemical Invasion on Waters and Aquatic Organisms: Bisphenol A
İkbal Demet, N. A. N. E., & Diler, Ö. (2022) · Türk Bilim ve Mühendislik Dergisi · doi:10.55979/tjse.1171137
Environmental toxins and neurodevelopment
Santiago, S. E., Conner, K. E., Erickson, M. A., & Huffman, K. J. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-91497-0.00217-4
Interactions entre médicaments et dispositifs médicaux
Chennell, P., Bernard, L., Basle, Y. L., & Sautou, V. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-2-294-77399-0.00009-0
HISTOLOGICAL EFFECT OF BISPHENOL A ON THE RATS’ PAROTID SALIVARY GLANDS
Abdel-khalek, R., El-Hak, A., Khalil, N., & Fattah, H. S. A. (2023) · Alexandria Dental Journal · doi:10.21608/adjalexu.2022.136401.1274
Sanannam, B., Jindatip, D., & Sarachana, T. (2021) · Chula Digiverse · doi:10.58837/chula.the.2021.261
Új környezettoxikológia – megalapozó javaslatok
Varga, C. (2022) · Egeszsegtudomany · doi:10.29179/egtud.2022.3-4.77-118
Yalçın, S. S., Okman, E., Kuşkonmaz, B. B., Yalçın, S., Aykut, O., & Çeti̇nkaya, D. U. (2024) · Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.etap.2024.104625
Cutting-Edge in Vitro Models and Multi-Omics Approaches for Carcinogen Exposome Studies
Elamrani, F. E., Loqman, S., & Belbachir, A. (2025) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/979-8-3373-2165-3.ch006
Breast cancer risks in consumer products: A systematic review (Part 1)
Olumide, Y. M., Ayanlowo, O. O., Akinkugbe, A., & Otrofanowei, E. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Sciences · doi:10.4103/jcls.jcls_29_25
Recommendations for the Implementation of a Reusable Foodware System in School Nutrition Programs
Shao, C., & Schreer, J. (2025) · Open Journal of Social Sciences · doi:10.4236/jss.2025.1312027
O’Brien, F., & Krysiak, K. (2026) · AAPS advances in the pharmaceutical sciences series · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-77240-5_13
Perumal, S., Kolluri, G., Singh, R. P., Mohan, J., & Tyagi, J. S. (2026) · Environmental Toxicology · doi:10.1002/tox.70079
Maamar, M. B. (2015) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/6f5660fezb572z4da4z937dz709fdaabc1db
Rocha, G. (2026) · Early Human Development · doi:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2026.106598
Sargis, R. M., Reutrakul, S., Trasande, L., & Nadal, Á. (2026) · Current Diabetes Reports · doi:10.1007/s11892-026-01635-4
Metadata
- Authors
- Calafat, A. M., Weuve, J., Ye, X., Jia, L. T., Hu, H., Ringer, S., Huttner, K., & Hauser, R.
- Affiliations
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US)
- Rush University Medical Center (US)
- University of Michigan (US)
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Neonatology Unit and
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Calafat, Antonia M.
- Venue
- Environmental Health Perspectives
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2008-12-10
- Volume
- 117
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 639-644
- ISSN
- 0091-6765 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-9924
- PMC
- PMC2679610
- OpenAlex
- W2119352549
- Cited by
- 374
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 36 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 31 · 2012: 28
- FWCI
- 11.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- public-domain
- creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor, 3306 d)
- Locations
- Environmental Health Perspectives (publishedVersion, public-domain)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, public-domain)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Effects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicals
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Health, Environment, Cognitive Aging
- Keywords
- bisphenol A, phenols, preterm infants, neonatal intensive care, DEHP, DEHP metabolites, urinary biomonitoring, triclosan, benzophenone-3, methylparaben, propylparaben, endocrine disruptors
- MeSH terms
- Bisphenol A Compounds, Benzhydryl Compounds, Benzophenones, Diethylhexyl Phthalate, Environmental Exposure, Equipment and Supplies, Estrogens, Non-Steroidal, Female, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Premature, Intensive Care Units, Neonatal, Male, Parabens, Phenols, Plasticizers, Risk Factors, Triclosan, Epidemiologic Studies
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
