Unfair Trade e-Waste in Africa
Open accessAbstract
Africa is quickly becoming a destination for information technology in the form of tons of used computers, fax machines, cell phones, and other electronics. Although many of these machines can be repaired and resold, up to 75% of the electronics shipped to Africa is junk. This equipment, when dumped, may leach lead, mercury, and cadmium into the environment; when burned, it may release carcinogenic dioxins and polyaromatic hydrocarbons. In the United States, activists are working to limit the flow of e-waste to developing countries through international agreements and voluntary e-waste export reduction efforts.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The unfair practice of importing waste, especially e-waste, from developed nations, is to a large part responsible for this problem in Africa.
“The unfair practice of importing waste, especially e-waste, from developed nations, is to a large part responsible for this problem in Africa for example (Schmidt, 2006).”
From Future Scenarios of Global Plastic Waste Generation and Disposal (2019) · cites this paper as Schmidt, 2006
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Statistical methods in cancer research. Volume II--The design and analysis of cohort studies.
Breslow, N., & Day, N. (1987) · IARC scientific publications · doi:10.2307/2983104 · Cited by 4,209 · cited 1× · see citing works
“During data analysis, assessment of modification often involves testing the statistical significance of one or more interactions terms in a regression model, or using a test such as the Breslow-Day test for heterogeneity of the odds ratio [1-4].”
Confidence interval estimation of interaction
Hosmer, D. W., & Lemeshow, S. (1992) · Epidemiology · doi:10.1097/00001648-199209000-00012 · Cited by 1,239 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Furthermore, multiplicative models (such as logistic regression) make it difficult to assess interactions on the basis of departure from additivity of effects [1,9,10].”
Kaestle, C. E. (2005) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwi095 · Cited by 485 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Of these, six papers used tests of interaction with a raised Type I error rate [11-16].”
Low P-Values or Narrow Confidence Intervals: Which Are More Durable?
Poole, C. (2001) · Epidemiology · doi:10.1097/00001648-200105000-00005 · Cited by 363 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Of course, an extensive literature advises epidemiologists to consider measures of effect, confidence intervals, stratum-specific measures and apriori biological knowledge, in addition to considering p-values, when determining strength of association or assessing modification [1,5-8].”
Rothman, K. J. (1978) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm197812142992410 · Cited by 281 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Of course, an extensive literature advises epidemiologists to consider measures of effect, confidence intervals, stratum-specific measures and apriori biological knowledge, in addition to considering p-values, when determining strength of association or assessing modification [1,5-8].”
Tests for interaction in epidemiologic studies: A review and a study of power
Greenland, S. (1983) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.4780020219 · Cited by 280 · cited 7× · see citing works
“These exposure prevalences ensured adequate numbers of cases and controls in all strata [3].”
InfluentialBeyond the confidence interval.
Poole, C. (1987) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.77.2.195 · Cited by 229 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Of course, an extensive literature advises epidemiologists to consider measures of effect, confidence intervals, stratum-specific measures and apriori biological knowledge, in addition to considering p-values, when determining strength of association or assessing modification [1,5-8].”
Interaction as departure from additivity in case-control studies: a cautionary note
Skrondal, A. (2003) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwg113 · Cited by 180 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Furthermore, multiplicative models (such as logistic regression) make it difficult to assess interactions on the basis of departure from additivity of effects [1,9,10].”
Comparative Analysis of Breast Cancer Risk Factors among African-American Women and White Women
Hall, I. J. (2004) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwh331 · Cited by 104 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Of these, six papers used tests of interaction with a raised Type I error rate [11-16].”
Food consumption by children and the risk of childhood acute leukemia.
Kwan, M., Block, G., Selvin, S., Month, S., & Buffler, P. (2004) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwh317 · Cited by 61 · cited 2×
“Of these, six papers used tests of interaction with a raised Type I error rate [11-16].”
Kirrane, E. F., Hoppin, J., Kamel, F., Umbach, D., Boyes, W., Roos, A. D., Alavanja, M., & Sandler, D. (2005) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwi140 · Cited by 56 · cited 1×
“Of these, six papers used tests of interaction with a raised Type I error rate [11-16].”
Emaus, N., Berntsen, G., Joakimsen, R. M., & Fønnebø, V. M. (2005) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwj055 · Cited by 51 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Of these, six papers used tests of interaction with a raised Type I error rate [11-16].”
Sansbury, L. B., Millikan, R. C., Schroeder, J. C., Moorman, P. G., North, K. E., & Sandler, R. S. (2005) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwi248 · Cited by 48 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Of these, six papers used tests of interaction with a raised Type I error rate [11-16].”
Flagged first, then by citations
4 of the 17 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Future Scenarios of Global Plastic Waste Generation and Disposal
Lebreton, L., & Andrady, A. (2019) · Palgrave Communications · doi:10.1057/s41599-018-0212-7 · Cited by 2,327 · see citing works
E-waste: An assessment of global production and environmental impacts
Robinson, B. H. (2009) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.09.044 · Cited by 1,778 · see citing works
Sustainable interaction design
Blevis, E. (2007) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/1240624.1240705 · Cited by 786 · see citing works
Handling e-waste in developed and developing countries: Initiatives, practices, and consequences
Sthiannopkao, S., & Wong, M. H. (2012) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.06.088 · Cited by 560 · see citing works
Ilankoon, I. M. S. K., Ghorbani, Y., Chong, M. N., Herath, G., Moyo, T., & Petersen, J. (2018) · Waste Management · doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2018.10.018 · Cited by 555 · see citing works
Elevated Blood Lead Levels of Children in Guiyu, an Electronic Waste Recycling Town in China
Huo, X., Peng, L., Xu, X., Zheng, L., Qiu, B., Qi, Z., Bao, Z., Han, D., & Piao, Z.-X. (2007) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.9697 · Cited by 529 · see citing works
Developmental Neurotoxicants in E-Waste: An Emerging Health Concern
Chen, A., Dietrich, K. N., Huo, X., & Ho, S. (2010) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.1002452 · Cited by 359 · see citing works
Tang, X., Shen, C., Shi, D., Cheema, S. A., Khan, M. I., Zhang, C., & Chen, Y. (2009) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.08.134 · Cited by 355 · see citing works
A systems thinking approach to understanding the challenges of achieving the circular economy
Iacovidou, E., Hahladakis, J. Ν., & Purnell, P. (2020) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-020-11725-9 · Cited by 357 · see citing works
“Foreign recyclable waste markets in developing countries tend to have a questionable waste infrastructure and often weaker, less reliable institutions to control the management of waste (Dauvergne 2018; Osibanjo and Nnorom 2007; Schmidt 2006).”
Evidence of excessive releases of metals from primitive e-waste processing in Guiyu, China
Wong, C. S. C., Duzgoren-Aydin, N. S., Aydın, A., & Wong, M. H. (2007) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2006.11.006 · Cited by 296 · see citing works
Interplay of calcium and cadmium in mediating cadmium toxicity
Choong, G. M. Y., Liu, Y., & Templeton, D. M. (2014) · Chemico-Biological Interactions · doi:10.1016/j.cbi.2014.01.007 · Cited by 293 · see citing works
Contamination by trace elements at e-waste recycling sites in Bangalore, India
Hà, N. N., Agusa, T., Ramu, K., Tú, N. P. C., Murata, S., Bulbule, K. A., Parthasaraty, P., Takahashi, S. I., Subramanian, A., & Tanabe, S. (2009) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.02.056 · Cited by 257 · see citing works
Management of electrical and electronic waste: A comparative evaluation of China and India
Awasthi, A. K., & Li, J. (2017) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2017.02.067 · Cited by 248 · see citing works
Wang, F., Huisman, J., Meskers, C. E. M., Schluep, M., Stevels, A. L. N., & Hagelüken, C. (2012) · Waste Management · doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2012.03.029 · Cited by 247 · see citing works
A comprehensive analysis of e-waste legislation worldwide
Patil, R. A., & Ramakrishna, S. (2020) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-020-07992-1 · Cited by 220 · see citing works
Asante, K. A., Agusa, T., Biney, C. A., Agyekum, W. A., Bello, M., Otsuka, M., Itai, T., Takahashi, S. I., & Tanabe, S. (2012) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.02.072 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
de Oliveira, C. R., Bernardes, A. M., & Gerbase, A. E. (2012) · Waste Management · doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2012.04.003 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
Exploring the planetary boundary for chemical pollution
Diamond, M. L., de Wit, C. A., Molander, S., Scheringer, M., Backhaus, T., Lohmann, R., Arvidsson, R., Bergman, Å., Hauschild, M., Holoubek, I., et al. (2015) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2015.02.001 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
E-waste: Environmental Problems and Current Management
Gaidajis, G., Angelakoglou, K., & Aktsoglou, D. (2010) · Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Review · doi:10.25103/jestr.031.32 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Shen, C., CHEN, Y., HUANG, S., Wang, Z., Yu, C., QIAO, M., Xu, Y., Setty, K., Zhang, J., & Zhu, Y. (2008) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2008.07.005 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Singh, M., Thind, P. S., & John, S. (2018) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.03.138 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Pérez‐Belis, V., Bovea, M. D., & Ibáñez‐Forés, V. (2014) · Waste Management & Research The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy · doi:10.1177/0734242x14557382 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Birth outcomes related to informal e-waste recycling in Guiyu, China
Xu, X., Yang, H., Chen, A., Zhou, Y., Wu, K., Liu, J., Zhang, Y., & Huo, X. (2011) · Reproductive Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.reprotox.2011.12.006 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Export of Electronics Equipment Waste
LaDou, J., & Lovegrove, S. (2008) · International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health · doi:10.1179/oeh.2008.14.1.1 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
High levels of PAH-metabolites in urine of e-waste recycling workers from Agbogbloshie, Ghana
Feldt, T., Fobil, J. N., Wittsiepe, J., Wilhelm, M., Till, H., Zoufaly, A., Burchard, G. D., & Göen, T. (2013) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.06.097 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Environmental Exposures and Cardiovascular Disease
Peña, M. S. B., & Rollins, A. (2016) · Cardiology Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.ccl.2016.09.001 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Islam, M. T., Abdullah, A. B., Shahir, S. A., Kalam, M. A., Masjuki, H. H., Shumon, R., & Rashid, M. H. (2016) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.07.111 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Andeobu, L., Wibowo, S., & Grandhi, S. (2021) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148078 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Friedrich, E., & Trois, C. (2011) · Waste Management · doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2011.02.028 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
A Politics of Habitability: Plants, Healing, and Sovereignty in a Toxic World
Langwick, S. A. (2018) · Cultural Anthropology · doi:10.14506/ca33.3.06 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
A Systematic Review of E-Waste Generation and Environmental Management of Asia Pacific Countries
Andeobu, L., Wibowo, S., & Grandhi, S. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18179051 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Hanks, K., Odom, W., Roedl, D., & Blevis, E. (2008) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/1357054.1357111 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Behind the screen: the hidden digital labor of commercial content moderation
Roberts, S. (2014) · Illinois Digital Environment for Access to Learning and Scholarship (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Liu, Q., Cao, J., Li, K. Q., Miao, X. H., Li, G., Fan, F. Y., & Zhao, Y. C. (2008) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-008-0087-z · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Working conditions and environmental exposures among electronic waste workers in Ghana
Akormedi, M., Asampong, E., & Fobil, J. N. (2013) · International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health · doi:10.1179/2049396713y.0000000034 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
‘Away’ is a place: The impact of electronic waste recycling on blood lead levels in Ghana
Amankwaa, E. F., Tsikudo, K. A., & Bowman, J. A. (2017) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.05.283 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Tanabe, S., Ramu, K., Isobe, T., & Takahashi, S. I. (2007) · Journal of Environmental Monitoring · doi:10.1039/b709928b · Cited by 92 · see citing works
How much e-waste is there in US basements and attics? Results from a national survey
Saphores, J.-D. M., Nixon, H., Ogunseitan, O. A., & Shapiro, A. A. (2009) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2009.05.008 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Wittsiepe, J., Feldt, T., Till, H., Burchard, G. D., Wilhelm, M., & Fobil, J. N. (2016) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-016-8002-5 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Mihai, F., Gnoni, M.-G., Meidiana, C., Ezeah, C., & Elia, V. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-816190-6.00001-7 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
What goes around, comes around? Access and allocation problems in Global North–South waste trade
Cotta, B. (2020) · International Environmental Agreements Politics Law and Economics · doi:10.1007/s10784-020-09479-3 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Health seeking behaviours among electronic waste workers in Ghana
Asampong, E., Dwuma-Badu, K., Stephens, J. K., Srigboh, R. K., Neitzel, R. L., Basu, N., & Fobil, J. N. (2015) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-015-2376-z · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Yu, E. A., Akormedi, M., Asampong, E., Meyer, C. G., & Fobil, J. N. (2016) · Global Health Promotion · doi:10.1177/1757975916631523 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Informal E-waste recycling practices and environmental pollution in Africa: What is the way forward?
Andeobu, L., Wibowo, S., & Grandhi, S. (2023) · International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health · doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2023.114192 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Africa's growing cancer burden: Environmental and occupational contributions
McCormack, V., & Schüz, J. (2011) · Cancer Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.canep.2011.09.005 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Kostakis, V., Roos, A., & Bauwens, M. (2015) · Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions · doi:10.1016/j.eist.2015.08.002 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Digital innovations for transitioning to circular plastic value chains in Africa
Oyinlola, M. A., Schroeder, P., Whitehead, T., Kolade, O., Wakunuma, K., Sharifi, S., Rawn, B., Odumuyiwa, V., Lendelvo, S., Brighty, G., et al. (2021) · Africa Journal of Management · doi:10.1080/23322373.2021.1999750 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Yang, Q., Qiu, X., Li, R., Liu, S., Li, K., Wang, F., Zhu, P., Li, G., & Zhu, T. (2013) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.12.051 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Xu, F. L., Liu, Y., Wang, J., Zhang, G., Zhang, W., Liu, L., Wang, J., Pan, B., & Lin, K. (2014) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-014-3773-z · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Material Flow Patterns of the Global Waste Paper Trade and Potential Impacts of China’s Import Ban
Ma, Z., Yang, Y., Chen, W., Wang, P., Wang, C., Zhang, C., & Gan, J. (2021) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.1c00642 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Elevated lead levels from e-waste exposure are linked to decreased olfactory memory in children
Zhang, B., Huo, X., Xu, L., Cheng, Z., Cong, X., Lu, X., & Xu, X. (2017) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2017.07.015 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Schumacher, K. A., & Agbemabiese, L. (2019) · Resources Conservation and Recycling · doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2019.06.033 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Waste From Electrical and Electronic Equipment
Chandrappa, R., & Das, D. B. (2012) · Environmental science and engineering · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-28681-0_8 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Wilhelm, M., Hutchins, M. J., Mars, C., & Norris, C. B. (2015) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.04.025 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Graber, L. K., Asher, D., Anandaraja, N. A., Bopp, R. F., Merrill, K., Cullen, M. R., Luboga, S. A., & Trasande, L. (2010) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.0901768 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Zhang, W., Zhang, M., An, S., Xiong, B., Li, H., Cui, C., & Lin, K. (2012) · Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety · doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.05.012 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Flynn, A., Hacking, N., & Xie, L.-J. (2019) · Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions · doi:10.1016/j.eist.2019.08.002 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Generation of electronic waste in India: Current scenario, dilemmas and stakeholders
Borthakur, A., & Sinha, K. (2013) · African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology · doi:10.5897/ajest2013.1505 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Andeobu, L., Wibowo, S., & Grandhi, S. (2023) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su151310405 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Normativity and Materiality: A View from Digital Anthropology
Horst, H. A., & Miller, D. (2012) · Media International Australia · doi:10.1177/1329878x1214500112 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Electronic Waste Management in India: A Stakeholder’s Perspective
Borthakur, A., & Sinha, K. (2014) · Electronic Green Journal · doi:10.5070/g313618041 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
E-Waste Management – A Potential Route to Green Computing
Debnath, B., Roychoudhuri, R., & Ghosh, S. K. (2016) · Procedia Environmental Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.proenv.2016.07.063 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Risks of toxic ash from artisanal mining of discarded cellphones
Hibbert, K., & Ogunseitan, O. A. (2014) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.05.089 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Ogundele, L. T., Ayeku, P. O., Adebayo, A. S., Olufemi, A. P., & Adejoro, I. A. (2020) · Polytechnica · doi:10.1007/s41050-020-00022-6 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Zhang, W., Zhang, M., An, S., Lin, K., Li, H., Cui, C., Fu, R., & Zhu, J. (2012) · Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.etap.2012.05.009 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Luzardo, O. P., Boada, L. D., Carranza‐Rodriguez, C., Ruiz‐Suárez, N., Henríquez‐Hernández, L. A., Valerón, P. F., Zumbado, M. L., Camacho, M., & Pérez-Arellano, J.-L. (2014) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.07.124 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Guo, Q., Wang, E., Nie, Y., & Shen, J. (2018) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.05.112 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Hazardous metals emissions from e-waste-processing sites in a village in northern Vietnam
Uchida, N., Matsukami, H., Someya, M., Tue, N. M., Tuyến, L. H., Viet, P. H., Takahashi, S. I., Tanabe, S., & Suzuki, G. (2018) · Emerging contaminants · doi:10.1016/j.emcon.2018.10.001 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Evolution of the global polyethylene waste trade system
Xu, W. Q., Chen, W., Jiang, D., Zhang, C., Ma, Z., Ren, Y. Q., & Shi, L. (2020) · Ecosystem Health and Sustainability · doi:10.1080/20964129.2020.1756925 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Society Role in the Reduction of Plastic Pollution
Sandu, C., Takács, E., Suaria, G., Borgogno, F., Laforsch, C., Löder, M. G. J., Gijsbert, T., & Florea, L. (2020) · The handbook of environmental chemistry · doi:10.1007/698_2020_483 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
E-waste interventions in Ghana
Asante, K. A., Pwamang, J., Amoyaw-Osei, Y., & Ampofo, J. A. (2016) · Reviews on Environmental Health · doi:10.1515/reveh-2015-0047 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Globalization and workplace hazards in developing nations
Baram, M. S. (2008) · Safety Science · doi:10.1016/j.ssci.2008.01.008 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Waste electrical and electronic equipment management in Botswana: Prospects and challenges
Mmereki, D., Li, B., & Liao, W. (2014) · Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association · doi:10.1080/10962247.2014.892544 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Frazzoli, C., Petrini, C., & Mantovani, A. (2009) · PubMed · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Mycelium Composites for Sustainable Development in Developing Countries: The Case for Africa
Akromah, S., Chandarana, N., & Eichhorn, S. J. (2023) · Advanced Sustainable Systems · doi:10.1002/adsu.202300305 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Assessing Strategic Management of E-Waste in Developing Countries
Awasthi, A. K., Iacovidou, E., Awasthi, M. K., Johnson, M., Parajuly, K., Zhao, M., Mishra, S., & Pandey, A. K. (2023) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su15097263 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
O Digital e o Humano: prospecto para uma Antropologia Digital
Miller, D., & Horst, H. A. (2015) · Americanae (AECID Library) · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Taghipour, H., Nowrouz, P., Jafarabadi, M. A., Nazari, J., Hashemi, A. A., Mosaferi, M., & Dehghanzadeh, R. (2011) · Waste Management & Research The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy · doi:10.1177/0734242x11420328 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Environmental exposure to POPs and heavy metals in urban children from Dhaka, Bangladesh
Linderholm, L., Jakobsson, K., Lundh, T., Zamir, R., Shoeb, M., Nahar, N., & Bergman, Å. (2011) · Journal of Environmental Monitoring · doi:10.1039/c1em10480b · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Assessment of Environmental Distribution of Lead in Some Municipalities of South-Eastern Nigeria
Nduka, J. K., & Orisakwe, O. E. (2010) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph7062501 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Ladele, J., Fajolu, I., & Ezeaka, C. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0211535 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
“…of lead contamination of the soil,[8,9] air[10,11] and water[12] from previous and current leaded gasoline use, [7,13] industrialization, electronic waste,[14] refuse dumps[15] and the use of lead containing products e.g. paints,[16,17] lead acid batteries[18] and eye cosmetics (“ tiro/ kohl”) .”
Okeke, E., Enochoghene, A., Ezeudoka, C. B., Kaka, S. D., Chen, Y., Mao, G., Eze, C. T., Feng, W., & Wu, X. (2023) · Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.tox.2023.153711 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Microbial leaching of heavy metals from e-waste
Gopikrishnan, V., Vignesh, A., Radhakrishnan, M., Joseph, J., Shanmugasundaram, T., Doble, M., & Balagurunathan, R. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-817951-2.00010-9 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
E-Waste: Metal Pollution Threat or Metal Resource?
Dave, S. R., Shah, M. B., & Tipre, D. R. (2016) · Journal of Advanced Research in Biotechnology · doi:10.15226/2475-4714/1/2/00103 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Tang, X., Shen, C., Cheema, S. A., Chen, L., Xiao, X., Zhang, C., Liu, W., Li, F., & Chen, Y. (2010) · Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part A · doi:10.1080/10934529.2010.486336 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Lambrechts, D., & Hector, M. (2016) · Politikon · doi:10.1080/02589346.2016.1201727 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Saari, U. A., Baumgartner, R., & Mäkinen, S. (2017) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su9071286 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Popoola, O. E., Popoola, A., & Purchase, D. (2019) · Journal of Health and Pollution · doi:10.5696/2156-9614-9.21.190311 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Study of the influencing factors of the blood levels of toxic elements in Africans from 16 countries
Henríquez‐Hernández, L. A., Luzardo, O. P., Boada, L. D., Carranza‐Rodriguez, C., Pérez-Arellano, J.-L., González‐Antuña, A., Almeida‐González, M., Barry-Rodríguez, C., Zumbado, M. L., & Camacho, M. (2017) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2017.07.036 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Omobowale, A. O. (2013) · International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy · doi:10.1108/ijssp-05-2012-0042 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Chen, L., Guo, H., Yuan, J., He, M., Chen, D., Shi, J., Yang, J., Bai, Y., Ju, Y., Liu, A., et al. (2010) · Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part A · doi:10.1080/10934520903539366 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Effects of cadmium on the actin cytoskeleton in renal mesangial cells
Templeton, D. M., & Liu, Y. (2013) · Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology · doi:10.1139/cjpp-2012-0229 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Chronic Non-communicable Diseases in Ghana: Multidisciplinary Perspectives
Aikins, A. D., & Agyei‐Mensah, S. (2014) · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Furniss, J. (2015) · Area · doi:10.1111/area.12160 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Intelligent enterprise: wasting, valuing and re‐valuing waste electrical and electronic equipment
Oteng‐Ababio, M., Owusu, G., & Chama, M. A. (2015) · Geographical Journal · doi:10.1111/geoj.12140 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Sabbaghi, M., Cade, W., Olson, W., & Behdad, S. (2018) · Journal of Industrial Ecology · doi:10.1111/jiec.12765 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
E‐waste economics: a Nigerian perspective
Ejiogu, A. R. (2013) · Management of Environmental Quality An International Journal · doi:10.1108/14777831311303083 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Schumacher, K. A., & Agbemabiese, L. (2020) · Journal of Environmental Planning and Management · doi:10.1080/09640568.2020.1802237 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Global Management of Electronic Wastes
Osibanjo, O., Nnorom, I. C., Adie, G. U., Ogundiran, M. B., & Adeyi, A. A. (2016) · doi:10.1002/9781119009115.ch3 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Circular Economy in a High-Tech World
Schumacher, K. A., & Green, M. L. (2022) · Circular Economy and Sustainability · doi:10.1007/s43615-022-00220-7 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
- Authors
- Schmidt, C. W.
- Corresponding author
- Schmidt, Charles W.
- Venue
- Environmental Health Perspectives
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2006-04-01
- Volume
- 114
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- A232-A235
- ISSN
- 0091-6765 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-9924
- PMC
- PMC1440802
- OpenAlex
- W2045240155
- Cited by
- 243
- References
- 17
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 18
- Type
- other
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- public-domain
- creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor, 4290 d)
- Locations
- Environmental Health Perspectives (publishedVersion, public-domain)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, public-domain)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, public-domain)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Waste Management and Disposal › Recycling and Waste Management Techniques
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Waste Management and Disposal › Municipal Solid Waste Management
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Extraction and Separation Processes
- Keywords
- electronic waste, e-waste export, unfair trade, developing countries, lead, mercury, cadmium, dioxins, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, hazardous waste dumping, international environmental agreements
- MeSH terms
- Africa, Computers, Conservation of Natural Resources, Electronics, Environmental Pollutants, Metals, Heavy
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
