Lifelong Residential Exposure to Green Space and Attention: A Population-based Prospective Study
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Natural environments, including green spaces, may have beneficial impacts on brain development. However, longitudinal evidence of an association between long-term exposure to green spaces and cognitive development (including attention) in children is limited. OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the association between lifelong residential exposure to green space and attention during preschool and early primary school years. METHODS: This longitudinal study was based on data from two well-established population-based birth cohorts in Spain. We assessed lifelong exposure to residential surrounding greenness and tree cover as the average of satellite-based normalized difference vegetation index and vegetation continuous fields, respectively, surrounding the child's residential addresses at birth, 4-5 y, and 7 y. Attention was characterized using two computer-based tests: Conners' Kiddie Continuous Performance Test (K-CPT) at 4-5 y (n=888) and Attentional Network Task (ANT) at 7 y (n=987). We used adjusted mixed effects models with cohort random effects to estimate associations between exposure to greenness and attention at ages 4-5 and 7 y. RESULTS: Higher lifelong residential surrounding greenness was associated with fewer K-CPT omission errors and lower K-CPT hit reaction time-standard error (HRT-SE) at 4-5 y and lower ANT HRT-SE at 7 y, consistent with better attention. This exposure was not associated with K-CPT commission errors or with ANT omission or commission errors. Associations with residential surrounding tree cover also were close to the null, or were negative (for ANT HRT-SE) but not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Exposure to residential surrounding greenness was associated with better scores on tests of attention at 4-5 y and 7 y of age in our longitudinal cohort. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP694.
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Fourteen studies identified in this systematic scoping review measured both ST and GT.
“Fourteen studies identified in this systematic scoping review measured both ST and GT [234–238, 242–250].”
From Psychological impacts of “screen time” and “green time” for children and adolescents: A systematic scoping review (2020) · cites this paper as [234]
The Materials and Methods sections on Residential Surrounding Greenness and Assessment of Attention describe satellite-based greenness measures and computerized attention tests, not measurements of both ST and GT. Searches for screen time, outdoor time, and related activities found no passage establishing that this study measured both. The cited paper also cannot verify the scoping review’s count of fourteen studies. Page numbers were not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.76)
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Green Spaces and Child Health and Development
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- Authors
- Dadvand, P., Tischer, C., Estarlich, M., Llop, S., Dalmau-Bueno, A., López-Vicente, M., Valentín, A., de Keijzer, C., Fernández-Somoano, A., Lertxundi, N., Rodriguez-Dehli, C., Gascon, M., Guxens, M., Zugna, D., Basagaña, X., Nieuwenhuijsen, M. J., Ibarluzea, J., Ballester, F., & Sunyer, J.
- Affiliations
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (ES)
- Universitat Jaume I (ES)
- ISGlobal, CREAL (Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERESP (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Epidemiología y Salud Pública), Madrid, Spain
- University of the Basque Country (ES)
- Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital San Agustín, Avilés, Spain
- Piedmont Reference Center for Epidemiology and Cancer Prevention (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Dadvand, Payam
- ORCID
- Venue
- Environmental Health Perspectives
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2017-09-22
- Volume
- 125
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 097016-097016
- ISSN
- 0091-6765 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-9924
- PMC
- PMC5915181
- OpenAlex
- W2757307492
- Cited by
- 148
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 9
- FWCI
- 7.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- public-domain
- Locations
- Environmental Health Perspectives (publishedVersion, public-domain)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- RECERCAT (Consorci de Serveis Universitaris de Catalunya) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Institutional Research Information System University of Turin (University of Turin) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Research Bank (Australian Catholic University) (submittedVersion)
- EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- RePub (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Consultation of the Doctoral Thesis Database (TESEO) (Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Dipòsit Digital de la Universitat de Barcelona (Universitat de Barcelona) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Repositori digital de la UPF (Universitat Pompeu Fabra) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- European Respiratory Society
- Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MS13/00054, RYC-2012-10995)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Urban Green Space and Health
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law › Urban Arborization and Environmental Studies
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Environmental Justice and Health Disparities
- Keywords
- residential green space, attention, tree cover, NDVI, preschool children, early primary school children, cognitive development, attentional networks, reaction time, birth cohort
- MeSH terms
- Attention, Child, Child, Preschool, Environmental Exposure, Female, Humans, Male, Prospective Studies
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