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Stroke Prognosis and Abnormal Nocturnal Blood Pressure Falls in Older Hypertensives

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Nocturnal Fall of Blood Pressure and Silent Cerebrovascular Damage in Elderly Hypertensive Patients

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Relation Between Nocturnal Decline in Blood Pressure and Mortality The Ohasama Study

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Subcortical Silent Brain Infarction as a Risk Factor for Clinical Stroke

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Autonomic Nervous Function in Non-dipper Essential Hypertensive Subjects

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Disasters and the Heart: a Review of the Effects of Earthquake-Induced Stress on Cardiovascular Disease

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Associations between nondipping of nocturnal blood pressure decrease and cardiovascular target organ damage in strictly selected community-dwelling normotensives

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U-curve relationship between orthostatic blood pressure change and silent cerebrovascular disease in elderly hypertensives

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Silent and clinically overt stroke in older Japanese subjects with white-coat and sustained hypertension

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Ambulatory Physical Activity as a Determinant of Diurnal Blood Pressure Variation

Kario, K., Schwartz, J. E., & Pickering, T. G. (1999) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.34.4.685 · Cited by 202 · see citing works

Angiotensin II Induces Circadian Gene Expression of Clock Genes in Cultured Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells

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Changes of Nocturnal Blood Pressure Dipping Status in Hypertensives by Nighttime Dosing of α-Adrenergic Blocker, Doxazosin

Kario, K., Schwartz, J. E., & Pickering, T. G. (2000) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.35.3.787 · Cited by 164 · see citing works

Cardiovascular risk and therapeutic intervention for the early morning surge in blood pressure and heart rate

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Relationship Between Extreme Dippers and Orthostatic Hypertension in Elderly Hypertensive Patients

Kario, K., Eguchi, K., Nakagawa, Y., Motai, K., & Shimada, K. (1998) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.31.1.77 · Cited by 134 · see citing works

Cardiac implications of the morning surge in blood pressure in elderly hypertensive patients: Relation to arising time

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Nocturnal non-dipping: what does it augur?

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Circadian Blood Pressure Changes and Myocardial Ischemia in Hypertensive Patients With Coronary Artery Disease

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Nighttime Dosing of Doxazosin Has Peak Effect on Morning Ambulatory Blood Pressure

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Autonomic Nervous System Dysfunction in Elderly Hypertensive Patients With Abnormal Diurnal Blood Pressure Variation

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Augmented Diurnal Variations of the Cardiac Renin-Angiotensin System in Hypertensive Rats

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Abnormal nocturnal blood pressure falls in elderly hypertension: clinical significance and determinants.

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Differential Effects of Amlodipine on Ambulatory Blood Pressure in Elderly Hypertensive Patients With Different Nocturnal Reductions in Blood Pressure

Kario, K. (1997) · American Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1016/s0895-7061(96)00409-8 · Cited by 79 · see citing works

Gender Differences in Associations of Diurnal Blood Pressure Variation, Awake Physical Activity, and Sleep Quality With Negative Affect

Kario, K., Schwartz, J. E., Davidson, K. W., & Pickering, T. G. (2001) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hy1101.095009 · Cited by 75 · see citing works

Clinical Implication of Morning Blood Pressure Surge in Hypertension

Kario, K., Shimada, K., & Pickering, T. G. (2003) · Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology · doi:10.1097/00005344-200312001-00019 · Cited by 73 · see citing works

Blood pressure variability in elderly patients

Kario, K., & Pickering, T. G. (2000) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(05)72549-6 · Cited by 62 · see citing works

INSUFFICIENT DURATION OF ACTION OF ANTIHYPERTENSIVE DRUGS MEDIATES HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE IN THE MORNINGIN HYPERTENSIVE POPULATION:THE OHASAMA STUDY

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Psychological and Physical Stress-Induced Cardiovascular Reactivity and Diurnal Blood Pressure Variation in Women with Different Work Shifts.

Kario, K., Schwartz, J. E., Gerin, W., ROBAYO, N., MACEO, E., & Pickering, T. G. (2002) · Hypertension Research · doi:10.1291/hypres.25.543 · Cited by 60 · see citing works

The Influence of Work and Home-Related Stress on the Levels and Diurnal Variation of Ambulatory Blood Pressure and Neurohumoral Factors in Employed Women.

Kario, K., James, G. D., Marion, R., Ahmed, M. J., & Pickering, T. G. (2002) · Hypertension Research · doi:10.1291/hypres.25.499 · Cited by 53 · see citing works

Neurohumoral characteristics of older hypertensive patients with abnormal nocturnal blood pressure dipping

Kario, K., Mitsuhashi, T., & Shimada, K. (2002) · American Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1016/s0895-7061(02)02266-5 · Cited by 50 · see citing works

Aldosterone synthase gene (CYP11B2) C-334T polymorphism, ambulatory blood pressure and nocturnal decline in blood pressure in the general Japanese population: the Ohasama Study

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Preventing increases in early-morning blood pressure, heart rate, and the rate-pressure product with controlled onset extended release verapamil at bedtime versus enalapril, losartan, and placebo on arising

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Angiotensinogen and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Genotypes, and Day and Night Blood Pressures in Elderly Japanese Hypertensives.

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Different Effects of Alcohol and Salt on 24-Hour Blood Pressure and Heart Rate in Hypertensive Patients.

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Evaluation of the antihypertensive effect of once-a-day trandolapril by 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring

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Role of the Sympathetic Nervous System in the Nocturnal Fall in Blood Pressure.

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Compared Properties of Trandolapril, Enalapril, and Their Diacid Metabolites

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Effects of nifedipine SR and enalapril on office, home and ambulatory blood pressure in “white-coat” systemic hypertension

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Compared Properties of Trandolapril, Enalapril, and Their Diacid Metabolites

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Disruption of diurnal rhythm in the elderly

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Relation between Sodium Intake and Blood Pressure during Sleep in Young Men.

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Role of the circadian system in cardiovascular disease

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Dosing time matters

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Expert panel consensus recommendations for ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in Asia: The HOPE Asia Network

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Administration–time-dependent effects of blood pressure-lowering medications: basis for the chronotherapy of hypertension

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Circadian Rhythms in Blood Pressure Regulation and Optimization of Hypertension Treatment With ACE Inhibitor and ARB Medications

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Chronotherapy of hypertension: Administration-time-dependent effects of treatment on the circadian pattern of blood pressure

Hermida, R. C., Ayala, D. E., Calvo, C., Portaluppi, F., & Smolensky, M. H. (2007) · Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.addr.2006.09.021 · Cited by 147 · see citing works

Chronotherapy With the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor Ramipril in Essential Hypertension

Hermida, R. C., & Ayala, D. E. (2009) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.109.130203 · Cited by 138 · see citing works

Chronotherapy for Hypertension

Bowles, N. P., Thosar, S. S., Herzig, M. X., & Shea, S. A. (2018) · Current Hypertension Reports · doi:10.1007/s11906-018-0897-4 · Cited by 131 · see citing works

The importance of circadian rhythms on drug response in hypertension and coronary heart disease—from mice and man

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Administration-Time Differences in Effects of Hypertension Medications on Ambulatory Blood Pressure Regulation

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Evening versus morning dosing regimen drug therapy for hypertension

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Time for focus on morning hypertension: Pitfall of current antihypertensive medication

Kario, K. (2005) · American Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1016/j.amjhyper.2004.09.007 · Cited by 106 · see citing works

Regression of carotid atherosclerosis by control of morning blood pressure peak in newly diagnosed hypertensive patients

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Chronotherapy of hypertension

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Mathematical modeling and simulation in animal health. Part III : Using nonlinear mixed‐effects to characterize and quantify variability in drug pharmacokinetics

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Determinants of Exaggerated Difference in Morning and Evening Blood Pressure Measured by Self-measured Blood Pressure Monitoring in Medicated Hypertensive Patients: Jichi Morning Hypertension Research (J-MORE) Study

Ishikawa, J., Kario, K., Hoshide, S., Eguchi, K., Morinari, M., Kaneda, R., Umeda, Y., Ishikawa, S., KURODA, T., & Hojo, Y. (2005) · American Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1016/j.amjhyper.2005.01.013 · Cited by 73 · see citing works

Administration-time-dependent effects of antihypertensive treatment on the circadian pattern of blood pressure

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Comparison of the Effects on Ambulatory Blood Pressure of Awakening versus Bedtime Administration of Torasemide in Essential Hypertension

Hermida, R. C., Ayala, D. E., Mojón, A., Chayán, L., Dominguez, M. J., Fontao, M. J., Soler, R., Alonso, I., & Fernández, J. R. (2008) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1080/07420520802544589 · Cited by 67 · see citing works

Methods of a large prospective, randomised, open-label, blinded end-point study comparing morning versus evening dosing in hypertensive patients: the Treatment In Morning versus Evening (TIME) study

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Early morning hypertension: what does it contribute to overall cardiovascular risk assessment?

Kario, K., & White, W. B. (2008) · Journal of the American Society of Hypertension · doi:10.1016/j.jash.2008.05.004 · Cited by 65 · see citing works

Chronotherapy improves blood pressure control and reduces vascular risk in CKD

Hermida, R. C., Ayala, D. E., Smolensky, M. H., Mojón, A., Fernández, J. R., Crespo, J. J., Moyá, A., Ríos, M. T. P., & Portaluppi, F. (2013) · Nature Reviews Nephrology · doi:10.1038/nrneph.2013.79 · Cited by 60 · see citing works

Chronopharmacology and controlled drug release

Lemmer, B. (2005) · Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery · doi:10.1517/17425247.2.4.667 · Cited by 57 · see citing works

Effectiveness of a Spot Urine Method in Evaluating Daily Salt Intake in Hypertensive Patients Taking Oral Antihypertensive Drugs

Kawamura, M., Kusano, Y., Takahashi, T., Owada, M., & Sugawara, T. (2006) · Hypertension Research · doi:10.1291/hypres.29.397 · Cited by 57 · see citing works

The Bedtime Administration Ameliorates Blood Pressure Variability and Reduces Urinary Albumin Excretion in Amlodipine-Olmesartan Combination Therapy

Hoshino, A., Nakamura, T., & Matsubara, H. (2010) · Clinical and Experimental Hypertension · doi:10.3109/10641961003667948 · Cited by 56 · see citing works

Circadian Blood Pressure Rhythm in Cardiovascular and Renal Health and Disease

Zhang, J., Sun, R., Jiang, T., Yang, G., & Chen, L. (2021) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom11060868 · Cited by 55 · see citing works

Circadian Variation in Efficacy of Medications

Walton, J. C., Walker, W. H., Bumgarner, J. R., Meléndez‐Fernández, O. H., Liu, J. A., Hughes, H. L., Kaper, A. L., & Nelson, R. J. (2020) · Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1002/cpt.2073 · Cited by 51 · see citing works

Treatment of Hypertension With Chronotherapy

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24‐Hour and Nighttime Blood Pressures in Type 2 Diabetic Hypertensive Patients Following Morning or Evening Administration of Olmesartan

Tofé, S., & de la Villa, B. G. (2009) · Journal of Clinical Hypertension · doi:10.1111/j.1751-7176.2009.00152.x · Cited by 45 · see citing works

Comparison of the Effects of Cilnidipine and Amldipine on Ambulatory Blood Pressure

Hoshide, S., Kario, K., Ishikawa, J., EGUCHI, K., & Shimada, K. (2005) · Hypertension Research · doi:10.1291/hypres.28.1003 · Cited by 44 · see citing works

Status of Home Blood Pressure Measured in Morning and Evening: Evaluation in Normotensives and Hypertensives in Japanese Urban Population

Kawabe, H., Saito, I., & Saruta, T. (2005) · Hypertension Research · doi:10.1291/hypres.28.491 · Cited by 43 · see citing works

Circadian regulated control of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury

Rabinovich-Nikitin, I., & Kirshenbaum, L. A. (2022) · Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.tcm.2022.09.003 · Cited by 38 · see citing works

Fixed-combination of amlodipine and diuretic chronotherapy in the treatment of essential hypertension: improved blood pressure control with bedtime dosing—a multicenter, open-label randomized study

Zeng, J., Jia, M., Ran, H., Tang, H. R., Zhang, Y., Zhang, J., Wang, X., Wang, H., Yang, C., & Zeng, C. (2011) · Hypertension Research · doi:10.1038/hr.2011.36 · Cited by 35 · see citing works

Chronobiology and Pharmacologic Modulation of the Renin–Angiotensin–Aldosterone System in Dogs: What Have We Learned?

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Optimal timing for antihypertensive dosing: focus on valsartan

Hermida, R. C., Ayala, D. E., & Calvo, C. (2007) · Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management · doi:10.2147/tcrm.2007.3.1.119 · Cited by 31 · see citing works

Chronotherapy in hypertensive patients: administration–time dependent effects of treatment on blood pressure regulation

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Circadian rhythms in ischaemic heart disease: key aspects for preclinical and translational research: position paper of the ESC working group on cellular biology of the heart

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Cardiovascular disease, chronopharmacotherapy, and the molecular clock

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Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy, Estimated Cardiovascular Risk, and Circadian Blood Pressure Pattern in Diabetes Mellitus

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Long-acting diltiazem HCL for the chronotherapeutic treatment of hypertension and chronic stable angina pectoris

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The Japan Morning Surge-1 (JMS-1) Study: Protocol Description

Ishikawa, J., Hoshide, S., Shibasaki, S., Matsui, Y., Kabutoya, T., EGUCHI, K., Ishikawa, S., Pickering, T. G., Shimada, K., & Kario, K. (2006) · Hypertension Research · doi:10.1291/hypres.29.153 · Cited by 22 · see citing works

Management of Cardiovascular Risk in Disaster: Jichi Medical School (JMS) Proposal 2004

Kario, K., Shimada, K., & Takaku, F. (2005) · Cited by 19 · see citing works

Timing Is Important—Management of Metabolic Syndrome According to the Circadian Rhythm

Zečević, K., Popović, N., Vuksanović-Božarić, A., Vukmirović, M., Rizzo, M., & Muzurović, E. M. (2023) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines11041171 · Cited by 19 · see citing works

Optimal time to take once-daily oral medications in clinical practice

Zhu, L., Zhou, Q., Yan, X., & Zeng, S. (2008) · International Journal of Clinical Practice · doi:10.1111/j.1742-1241.2008.01871.x · Cited by 16 · see citing works

Treatment of Hypertension: Favourable Effect of the Twice-Daily Compared to the Once-Daily (Evening) Administration of Perindopril and Losartan

Szauder, I., Csajági, E., Major, Z., Pavlik, G., & Újhelyi, G. (2015) · Kidney & Blood Pressure Research · doi:10.1159/000368513 · Cited by 16 · see citing works

Nighttime administration of antihypertensive medication: a review of chronotherapy in hypertension

Kim, H., & Jo, S. (2023) · The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.3904/kjim.2023.304 · Cited by 15 · see citing works

Bedtime Administration of Cilnidipine Controls Morning Hypertension

Ashizawa, N., Seto, S., Shibata, Y., & Yano, K. (2007) · International Heart Journal · doi:10.1536/ihj.48.597 · Cited by 15 · see citing works

Evening versus morning dosing regimen drug therapy for hypertension

Wu, C., Zhao, P., Xu, P., Wan, C., Singh, S., Varthya, S. B., & Luo, S. (2024) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd004184.pub3 · Cited by 14 · see citing works

Appropriateness of timing of drug administration in electronic prescriptions

Hassan, A., & Haefeli, W. E. (2010) · Pharmacy World & Science · doi:10.1007/s11096-009-9362-4 · Cited by 14 · see citing works

Early Morning Blood Pressure Surge

Gosse, P., & Schumacher, H. (2006) · Journal of Clinical Hypertension · doi:10.1111/j.1524-6175.2006.04773.x · Cited by 13 · see citing works

Poor sleep is responsible for the impaired nocturnal blood pressure dipping in elderly hypertensive: A cross-sectional study of elderly

Zhao, S., Fu, S., Ren, J., & Luo, L. (2018) · Clinical and Experimental Hypertension · doi:10.1080/10641963.2017.1411495 · Cited by 13 · see citing works

Cronoterapia con torasemida en pacientes hipertensos: aumento de la duración y la eficacia terapéuticas con su administración a la hora de acostarse

Calvo, C., Hermida, R. C., Ayala, D. E., López, J. E., Rodríguez, M., Chayán, L., Mojón, A., Soler, R., Fontao, M. J., & Fernández, J. R. (2006) · Medicina Clínica · doi:10.1157/13095521 · Cited by 12 · see citing works

Chronobiology and Chronotherapy of Hypertension – A Review

Latha, K., Uhumwangho, M., Sunil, S., Srikanth, M., & Murthy, K. R. (2011) · International Journal of Health Research · doi:10.4314/ijhr.v3i3.70276 · Cited by 10 · see citing works

Morning Hypertension: A Pitfall of Current Hypertensive Management

Kario, K. (2005) · Cited by 10 · see citing works

Effects of chronotherapy of benazepril on the diurnal profile of RAAS and clock genes in the kidney of 5/6 nephrectomy rats

Huang, X., Yuan, J., Zeng, X., Peng, C., Mei, Q., & Chen, W. (2013) · Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology [Medical Sciences] · doi:10.1007/s11596-013-1126-7 · Cited by 6 · see citing works

Considering Circadian Pattern of Blood Pressure in the Treatment of Hypertension via Chronotherapy: A Conducive or Maladroit Approach

Das, R., & Mehta, D. K. (2019) · Current Drug Targets · doi:10.2174/1389450120666190527114529 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Time-Dependent Effects of Imidapril Administration in Patients with Morning Hypertension Measured as Home Blood Pressure

Shibasaki, T., Obara, T., Ohkubo, T., Hara, A., Metoki, H., Inoue, R., Asayama, K., Kikuya, M., Hashimoto, J., Totsune, K., et al. (2008) · Clinical and Experimental Hypertension · doi:10.1080/10641960802069806 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Hypertension: do we need to consider the biological clock in drug dosing?

Lemmer, B. (2007) · Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy · doi:10.1586/14779072.5.3.375 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Clinical studies on pharmacological treatment of hypertension in Japan

Kario, K., Hoshide, S., Yamamoto, K. I., Okura, A., & Rakugi, H. (2021) · Journal of Human Hypertension · doi:10.1038/s41371-021-00533-4 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Chronotherapy for Hypertension: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review of RCTs

Kuang, H., Li, Q., Yi, Q., & Du, H. (2025) · American Journal of Cardiovascular Drugs · doi:10.1007/s40256-025-00731-2 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Hipertensión Arterial y Cronoterapia

Calvo, C., & Hermida, R. C. (2006) · Gaceta Médica de Bilbao · doi:10.1016/s0304-4858(06)74515-2 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Mikor érdemes bevenni a vérnyomáscsökkentőt? Reggel és/vagy este? : A hypertonia kronofarmakoterápiája a gyakorlatban

Szauder, I. (2021) · Hypertonia és Nephrologia · doi:10.33668/hn.25.006 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Cronobiología y cronoterapia en la hipertensión arterial: implicaciones diagnósticas, pronósticas y terapéuticas

Domínguez, R. C. H., García, D. E. A., & Gomez, C. C. (2004) · Hipertensión y Riesgo Vascular · doi:10.1016/s1889-1837(04)71485-3 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Should we use ambulatory blood pressure monitoring to guide therapy?

Pickering, T. G. (2008) · Current Cardiovascular Risk Reports · doi:10.1007/s12170-008-0051-y · Cited by 1 · see citing works

“Cocktail” Antihypertensive Chronotherapy for Perfect Control of Morning Hypertension in Diabetic Patients

Kario, K. (2005) · Internal Medicine · doi:10.2169/internalmedicine.44.1211

Tendency for Increasing Severity of Natural Disasters and the Indian Ocean Tsunami Disaster

Yamamoto, Y. (2005) · JMAJ

Chronoterapia nadciśnienia tętniczego Chronotherapy of arterial hypertension

Tykarski, A., Kostka-Jeziorny, K., & Kawecka−Jaszcz, K. (2006)

References

Kazuomi Kario MD, P. (2015) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119087281.refs

References

Kario, K. (2022) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119799412.refs

Drug delivery based on circadian rhythm: mechanisms, applications, and prospects

Wang, B., Zhou, Y., Wang, H., Ran, C., Shen, Y., Li, S., & Liu, J. (2026) · International Journal of Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2026.127091

Morning hypertension: circadian mechanisms, cardiovascular consequences, and emerging therapeutic perspectives

Shaikh, N., & Doshi, G. (2026) · Biological Rhythm Research · doi:10.1080/09291016.2026.2722225

Chronotherapy With the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor Ramipril in Essential Hypertension

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Effects of long-acting ACE inhibitor (temocapril) and long-acting Ca channel blocker (amlodipine) on 24-h ambulatory BP in elderly hypertensive patients

Eguchi, K., Kario, K., & Shimada, K. (2001) · Journal of Human Hypertension · doi:10.1038/sj.jhh.1001252 · Cited by 11 · see citing works