Evaluation of the air sac volume of penguins with respiratory diseases using computed tomography
Open accessAbstract
Captive penguins with respiratory diseases exhibit advanced pathological conditions upon the appearance of clinical signs. Therefore, the successful treatment of respiratory diseases remains difficult after the onset of clinical signs, leading to high mortality rates. In this study, we measured air sac volume using computed tomography (CT) to evaluate the respiratory condition of penguins. In a regular quarterly health checkup, blood samples were collected from 45 penguins housed at an aquarium in Hokkaido, Japan. A total of 12 penguins with abnormal blood parameters underwent CT. The air sac volumes were calculated in three-dimensional CT, and the scatter plots of the air sac volumes and body weights were analyzed. No correlation was found between the air sac volume and body weight in both the gentoo and king penguins. Two gentoo penguins with infiltration and one king penguin with multiple nodules on CT were tentatively diagnosed with aspergillosis and treated with oral administration of itraconazole. Follow-up CT examination was performed until the outcome: healed or died. The mean air sac volumes of the two gentoo penguins, which recovered after treatment, increased from 273.9 and 329.0 cm3 before healing to 449.0 and 424.6 cm3 after healing, respectively. Meanwhile, the air sac volume of the king penguin, which subsequently died, decreased from 1,556.9 to 920.6 cm3 despite treatment. Changes of the air sac volume in the same individual could be useful for evaluating the respiratory condition of penguins.
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New technologies such as diagnosis with image analysis, plasma biomarkers, and probiotic-based vaccination might be useful in reducing the incidence of aspergillosis among penguins.
“New technologies, such as diagnosis with image analysis [25,27], plasma biomarkers [38], and probiotic-based vaccination [39], might be useful in reducing the incidence of aspergillosis among penguins.”
From Nationwide Survey about the Occurrence of Aspergillosis in Captive Penguins in Zoos and Aquariums in Japan (2023) · cites this paper as [27]
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Research works printed but not linked: 16
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Itoh, M., Matsumoto, N., Hagino, K., Sawayama, N., Kuwayama, M., Yamada, K., & Toyotome, T. (2023) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani13121913 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- MATSUMOTO, N., SAWAYAMA, N., ITOH, M., TOYOTOME, T., & YAMADA, K.
- Affiliations
- Azabu University (JP)
- Noboribetsu Marine Park Nixe, Hokkaido, Japan
- Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine (JP)
- Chiba University (JP)
- Corresponding author
- YAMADA, Kazutaka
- Venue
- Journal of Veterinary Medical Science
- Published
- 2022
- Volume
- 84
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 368-372
- ISSN
- 0916-7250 (ISSN-L)
- 1347-7439
- PMC
- PMC8983295
- OpenAlex
- W4206665998
- Cited by
- 1
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2023: 1
- FWCI
- 0.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-nd
- Locations
- Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Institutional Repositories DataBase (IRDB) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (21K05931)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Veterinary Medicine and Surgery
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Parasitology › Bird parasitology and diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Urology › Comparative Animal Anatomy Studies
- Keywords
- gentoo penguin, king penguin, aspergillosis, itraconazole treatment, computed tomography, captive penguins, pulmonary nodules, lung infiltration, treatment response monitoring
- MeSH terms
- Air Sacs, Animals, Aspergillosis, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Itraconazole, Spheniscidae
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