Detection of Aspergillus fumigatus in the Captive Environment and Preventive Measures Leading to the Eradication of Penguin Aspergillosis in an Aquarium
Open accessAbstract
飼育下の鳥類においてアスペルギルス症は重要な疾患であるが，その予防策や診断方法，治療法は確立されていない。アスペルギルス症の主な起因菌であるAspergillus fumigatusは自然環境中に普遍的に存在するため，ときとして飼育鳥類に感染し，死に至らしめる。登別マリンパークニクス飼育下のキングペンギン（Aptenodytes patagonicus），ジェンツーペンギン（Pygoscelis papua），ケープペンギン（Spheniscus demersus）のA. fumigatus感染を防ぐことを目的とし，本研究では飼育環境中に存在するA. fumigatus汚染源の調査を行った。エアーサンプリングおよび土壌サンプリングのデータから主な汚染源が土壌であると推定されたため，土壌とペンギンの接触を最小限とする対策を行った。その結果，アスペルギルス症の発症は認められなくなった。本研究から，A. fumigatusの感染予防において，予め飼育環境下の汚染源を推定することは有効であり，屋内での対策とともに屋外の環境への対策も重要であることが確認された。
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In a previous report from the authors' aquarium, six aspergillosis cases occurred between 2009 and 2015, and no aspergillosis occurred from 2016 to 2020 after implementing measures to minimize penguin contact with soil.
“As a result, although the aquarium had six aspergillosis cases between 2009 and 2015, there was no incidence of aspergillosis from 2016 to 2020 [28,29].”
From Nationwide Survey about the Occurrence of Aspergillosis in Captive Penguins in Zoos and Aquariums in Japan (2023) · cites this paper as [28]
Split into 2 atoms — 0 confirmed, 1 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 1 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredTo prevent aspergillosis, contact with Aspergillus must be minimized in penguins and the health of each penguin should be maintained.
“Therefore, to prevent aspergillosis, contact with Aspergillus must be minimized in penguins, and the health of each penguin should be maintained [28,29,30,31].”
From Nationwide Survey about the Occurrence of Aspergillosis in Captive Penguins in Zoos and Aquariums in Japan (2023) · cites this paper as [28]
The paper describes avoiding a suspected A. fumigatus contamination site, washing penguins’ feet, and disinfecting contaminated areas—measures consistent with minimizing exposure (passage [6], section labeled Abstract; page unavailable). The passages do not recommend maintaining the health of each individual penguin, so that part of the claim is unsupported. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredVarious improvements in zoos and aquariums, such as reference to and adherence to penguin breeding manuals and preventive management, were thought to have reduced the number of deaths.
“Although the climate in Japan is hot and humid for penguins, various improvements in zoos and aquariums, such as reference to and adherence to penguin breeding manuals [33] and preventive management [28,29,30], were thought to have reduced the number of deaths.”
From Nationwide Survey about the Occurrence of Aspergillosis in Captive Penguins in Zoos and Aquariums in Japan (2023) · cites this paper as [28]
The paper describes preventive management at one aquarium, including washing penguins’ feet, avoiding a suspected contaminated route, and disinfecting affected areas. It reports that deaths from aspergillosis were no longer observed, but it does not establish that improvements across zoos and aquariums reduced penguin deaths generally. The relevant passages are labelled Abstract in our copy; no page number is supplied. (LLM, conf=0.83)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredPrevention of access to soil was a useful measure for reducing aspergillosis in an aquarium.
“As shown in our previous study, the prevention of access to soil was a useful measure for reducing aspergillosis in an aquarium [28,29].”
From Nationwide Survey about the Occurrence of Aspergillosis in Captive Penguins in Zoos and Aquariums in Japan (2023) · cites this paper as [28]
Even when housed indoors, air conditioners are associated with a risk of contamination with fungi including Aspergillus species.
“For example, even when housed indoors, air conditioners are associated with a risk of contamination with fungi including Aspergillus species.”
From Nationwide Survey about the Occurrence of Aspergillosis in Captive Penguins in Zoos and Aquariums in Japan (2023) · cites this paper as [28]
In our previous study, Aspergillus fumigatus was detected from air conditioner vents.
“In our previous study [28,29], A. fumigatus was detected from air conditioner vents.”
From Nationwide Survey about the Occurrence of Aspergillosis in Captive Penguins in Zoos and Aquariums in Japan (2023) · cites this paper as [28]
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Cites
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Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Yamada K, Toyotome T, Matsumoto N, Itoh M. 2020. Autopsy imaging for aspergillosis in King Penguin, an economically valuable zoo animal. J Vet Med Sci 82: 373- 375.
- V.I.S. ed.) , R0112.0214. Int. Vet. Inf. Serv., Ithaca.
- AZA Penguin Taxon Advisory Group. 2014. Penguin (Spheniscidae) Care Manual. Association of Zoos and Aquariums, Silver Spring.
Cited by
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Itoh, M., Matsumoto, N., Hagino, K., Sawayama, N., Kuwayama, M., Yamada, K., & Toyotome, T. (2023) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani13121913 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citationToyotome, T., Matsumoto, N., Itoh, M., & Yamada, K. (2022) · Medical Mycology Journal · doi:10.3314/mmj.22.002 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- MATSUMOTO, N., ITOH, M., YAMADA, K., & TOYOTOME, T.
- Affiliations
- Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine (JP)
- Azabu University (JP)
- Chiba University (JP)
- Venue
- Japanese Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine
- Published
- 2020-09-30
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 101-107
- ISSN
- 1342-6133 (ISSN-L)
- 2185-744X
- OpenAlex
- W3107303019
- Cited by
- 7
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2
- FWCI
- 0.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Locations
- Japanese Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (17K08095)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Antifungal resistance and susceptibility
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Fungal Infections and Studies
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Indoor Air Quality and Microbial Exposure
- Keywords
- Aspergillus fumigatus, captive birds, aquariums, king penguin, gentoo penguin, soil contamination, air sampling, infection control
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